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RCJ reports personal fees from Almirall, Astra Zeneca, Boehringher Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GSK; grants, personal fees, non-financial support from Novartis; personal fees and non-financial support from Napp\/Mundi Pharma. DP has board membership with Aerocrine, Almirall, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Meda, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis and Teva Pharmaceuticals; consultancy with Almirall, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis and Teva Pharmaceuticals; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies from UK National Health Service, British Lung Foundation, Aerocrine, AKL, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, Merck, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, Orion, Pfizer, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Takeda, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Zentiva; payments for lectures\/speaking from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Kyorin, Meda, Merck, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, SkyePharma, Takeda and Teva Pharmaceuticals; payment for manuscript preparation from Mundipharma and Teva Pharmaceuticals; patents (planned, pending or issued) from AKL; payment for the development of educational materials from GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis; stock\/stock options from AKL which produces phytopharmaceuticals; owns 80% of Research in Real Life and its subsidiary social enterprise Optimum Patient Care; received payment for travel\/accommodations\/meeting expenses from Aerocrine, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis and Teva Pharmaceuticals; funding for patient enrolment or completion of research from Almirral, Chiesi, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Zentiva; and peer reviewer for grant committees of the Medical Research Council (2014), Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme (2012), HTA (2014). AJL received fees from the Respiratory Effectiveness Group and from PUPSMD during the conduct of the study. BS has received honoraria for educational activities and lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, MSD, Novartis and TEVA, and has served on advisory boards arranged by AstraZeneca, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer. Ingelheim K Lisspers has received payments for educational activities and lectures from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, MSD, Novartis and Nycomed and has served on advisory boards arranged by Novartis. TvdM reports Advisory Board Membership: Almiral, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, Novartis, and Teva. Consultancy: Almiral, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Nycomed, Certe and Teva. His research department at the University of Groningen has received grants and support for research in respiratory disease from the following organisations in the last 5 years: the lung foundation Netherlands, Stichting bestrijding Astma, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Mundipharma, Novartis, Nycomed. Payments for lectures\/speaking: Almiral, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Merck, Mundipharma,and Teva Patents (planned, pending or issued): CCQ copyrights ICQ copyrights BHQ copyrights. IT has received payments for participation in advisory boards and lectures from Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16010"}}