{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:08:23Z","timestamp":1791119303195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T16:39:39Z","timestamp":1358267979000},"page":"1209-1220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Extended Heroin Access Increases Heroin Choices Over a Potent Nondrug Alternative"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Magalie","family":"Lenoir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauriane","family":"Cantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Vanhille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuschia","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge H","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.04.005","volume":"35","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ahmed SH (2010). Validation crisis in animal models of drug addiction: beyond non-disordered drug use toward drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35: 172\u2013184.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.014","volume":"211","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed SH (2012). The science of making drug-addicted animals. Neuroscience 211: 107\u2013125.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300834","volume":"31","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahmed SH, Cador M (2006). Dissociation of psychomotor sensitization from compulsive cocaine consumption. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 563\u2013571.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00133-5","volume":"22","author":"SH Ahmed","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahmed SH, Walker JR, Koob GF (2000). Persistent increase in the motivation to take heroin in rats with a history of drug escalation. Neuropsychopharmacology 22: 413\u2013421.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000429","volume":"153","author":"HL Alderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alderson HL, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ (2000). Heroin self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement: acquisition and maintenance of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 153: 120\u2013133.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR6","first-page":"1557","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: the Fifth Generation of Progress","author":"JC Anthony","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anthony JC (2002). Epidemiology of drug dependence. In: Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C, (eds) Neuropsychopharmacology: the Fifth Generation of Progress. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia. pp 1557\u20131573."},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.2.3.244","volume":"2","author":"JC Anthony","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anthony JC, Warner LA, Kessler RC (1994). Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants: basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2: 224\u2013268.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00445-5","volume":"57","author":"JM Arnold","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arnold JM, Roberts DC (1997). A critique of fixed and progressive ratio schedules used to examine the neural substrates of drug reinforcement. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 57: 441\u2013447.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050774","volume":"140","author":"M Arroyo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Arroyo M, Markou A, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ (1998). Acquisition, maintenance and reinstatement of intravenous cocaine self-administration under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in rats: effects of conditioned cues and continuous access to cocaine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 140: 331\u2013344.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00368.x","volume":"17","author":"E Augier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Augier E, Vouillac C, Ahmed SH (2012). Diazepam promotes choice of abstinence in cocaine self-administering rats. Addict Biol 17: 378\u2013391.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019","volume":"32","author":"NM Avena","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avena NM, Rada P, Hoebel BG (2008). Evidence for sugar addiction: behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32: 20\u201339.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3104","volume":"12","author":"A Badiani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Badiani A, Belin D, Epstein D, Calu D, Shaham Y (2011). Opiate versus psychostimulant addiction: the differences do matter. Nat Rev Neurosci 12: 685\u2013700.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.154","volume":"35","author":"ML Banks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banks ML, Negus SS (2010). Effects of extended cocaine access and cocaine withdrawal on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 35: 493\u2013504.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00014-9","volume":"52","author":"KC Berridge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berridge KC (2003). Pleasures of the brain. Brain Cogn 52: 106\u2013128.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80089-2","volume":"15","author":"JV Brady","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brady JV (1991). Animal models for assessing drugs of abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 15: 35\u201343.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011592","volume":"5","author":"L Cantin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cantin L, Lenoir M, Augier E, Vanhille N, Dubreucq S, Serre F et al (2010). Cocaine is low on the value ladder of rats: possible evidence for resilience to addiction. PLoS One 5: e11592.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.009","volume":"65","author":"D Caprioli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caprioli D, Celentano M, Dubla A, Lucantonio F, Nencini P, Badiani A (2009). Ambience and drug choice: cocaine- and heroin-taking as a function of environmental context in humans and rats. Biol Psychiatry 65: 893\u2013899.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301008","volume":"31","author":"SA Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen SA, O'Dell LE, Hoefer ME, Greenwell TN, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF (2006). Unlimited access to heroin self-administration: independent motivational markers of opiate dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2692\u20132707.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.66","volume":"10","author":"C Colantuoni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colantuoni C, Rada P, McCarthy J, Patten C, Avena NM, Chadeayne A et al (2002). Evidence that intermittent, excessive sugar intake causes endogenous opioid dependence. Obes Res 10: 478\u2013488.","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR20","first-page":"259","volume":"3","author":"SJ Cooper","year":"1982","unstructured":"Cooper SJ (1982). Palatability-induced drinking after administration of morphine, naltrexone and diazepam in the non-deprived rat. Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse 3: 259\u2013266.","journal-title":"Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.10.004","volume":"21","author":"MF Dallman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dallman MF (2012). Stress-induced obesity and the emotional nervous system. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21: 159\u2013165.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00405254","volume":"16","author":"G Deneau","year":"1969","unstructured":"Deneau G, Yanagita T, Seevers MH (1969). Self-administration of psychoactive substances by the monkey. Psychopharmacologia 16: 30\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.11.009","volume":"27","author":"A Ettenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ettenberg A (2004). Opponent process properties of self-administered cocaine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27: 721\u2013728.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244244","volume":"103","author":"A Ettenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ettenberg A, Geist TD (1991). Animal model for investigating the anxiogenic effects of self-administered cocaine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 103: 455\u2013461.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90298-8","volume":"44","author":"A Ettenberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ettenberg A, Geist TD (1993). Qualitative and quantitative differences in the operant runway behavior of rats working for cocaine and heroin reinforcement. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44: 191\u2013198.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428151","volume":"78","author":"A Ettenberg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ettenberg A, Pettit HO, Bloom FE, Koob GF (1982). Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats: mediation by separate neural systems. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 78: 204\u2013209.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000566","volume":"153","author":"BJ Everitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2000). Second-order schedules of drug reinforcement in rats and monkeys: measurement of reinforcing efficacy and drug-seeking behaviour. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 153: 17\u201330.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00121.x","volume":"14","author":"M Haney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haney M (2009). Self-administration of cocaine, cannabis and heroin in the human laboratory: benefits and pitfalls. Addict Biol 14: 9\u201321.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0901-943","volume":"4","author":"DM Hutcheson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hutcheson DM, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dickinson A (2001). The role of withdrawal in heroin addiction: enhances reward or promotes avoidance? Nat Neurosci 4: 943\u2013947.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.08.003","volume":"64","author":"R Jain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jain R, Mukherjee K, Singh R (2004). Influence of sweet tasting solutions on opioid withdrawal. Brain Res Bull 64: 319\u2013322.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199000140-00003","volume":"1","author":"JL Katz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Katz JL (1990). Models of relative reinforcing efficacy of drugs and their predictive utility. Behav Pharmacol 1: 283\u2013301.","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3018","volume":"15","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Chen X, Dick D, Maes H, Gillespie N, Neale MC et al (2012). Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics of substance use disorders. Nat Neurosci 15: 181\u2013189.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3105","volume":"12","author":"PJ Kenny","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kenny PJ (2011). Common cellular and molecular mechanisms in obesity and drug addiction. Nat Rev Neurosci 12: 638\u2013651.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5894","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0740-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"PJ Kenny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kenny PJ, Chen SA, Kitamura O, Markou A, Koob GF (2006). Conditioned withdrawal drives heroin consumption and decreases reward sensitivity. J Neurosci 26: 5894\u20135900.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.99","volume":"37","author":"KA Kerstetter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kerstetter KA, Ballis MA, Duffin-Lutgen S, Carr AE, Behrens AM, Kippin TE (2012). Sex differences in selecting between food and cocaine reinforcement are mediated by estrogen. Neuropsychopharmacology 37: 2605\u20132614.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088209064057","volume":"17","author":"DJ Kliner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kliner DJ, Pickens R (1982). Indicated preference for drugs of abuse. Int J Addict 17: 543\u2013547.","journal-title":"Int J Addict"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222265","volume":"338","author":"JW Koo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koo JW, Mazei-Robison MS, Chaudhury D, Juarez B, LaPlant Q, Ferguson D et al (2012). BDNF is a negative modulator of morphine action. Science 338: 124\u2013128.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(92)90060-J","volume":"13","author":"GF Koob","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koob GF (1992). Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways. Trends Pharmacol Sci 13: 177\u2013184.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.012","volume":"59","author":"GF Koob","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koob GF (2008). A role for brain stress systems in addiction. Neuron 59: 11\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0","volume":"24","author":"GF Koob","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koob GF, Le Moal M (2001). Drug addiction, dysregulation of reward, and allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 24: 97\u2013129.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301083","volume":"32","author":"M Lenoir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenoir M, Ahmed SH (2007). Heroin-induced reinstatement is specific to compulsive heroin use and dissociable from heroin reward and sensitization. Neuropsychopharmacology 32: 616\u2013624.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301602","volume":"33","author":"M Lenoir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lenoir M, Ahmed SH (2008). Supply of a nondrug substitute reduces escalated heroin consumption. Neuropsychopharmacology 33: 2272\u20132282.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000698","volume":"2","author":"M Lenoir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenoir M, Serre F, Cantin L, Ahmed SH (2007). Intense sweetness surpasses cocaine reward. PLoS One 2: e698.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00385.x","volume":"17","author":"M Lenoir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenoir M, Guillem K, Koob GF, Ahmed SH (2012). Drug specificity in extended access cocaine and heroin self-administration. Addict Biol 17: 964\u2013976.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.105.6.965","volume":"105","author":"I Lieblich","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lieblich I, Yirmiya R, Liebeskind JC (1991). Intake of and preference for sweet solutions are attenuated in morphine-withdrawn rats. Behav Neurosci 105: 965\u2013970.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6879185","volume":"221","author":"I Lieblich","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lieblich I, Cohen E, Ganchrow JR, Blass EM, Bergmann F (1983). Morphine tolerance in genetically selected rats induced by chronically elevated saccharin intake. Science 221: 871\u2013873.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.235","volume":"34","author":"D Martinez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martinez D, Slifstein M, Narendran R, Foltin RW, Broft A, Hwang DR et al (2009). Dopamine D1 receptors in cocaine dependence measured with PET and the choice to self-administer cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 1774\u20131782.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.095380","volume":"317","author":"SS Negus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Negus SS (2006). Choice between heroin and food in nondependent and heroin-dependent rhesus monkeys: effects of naloxone, buprenorphine, and methadone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 317: 711\u2013723.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.127","volume":"34","author":"SS Negus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Negus SS, Rice KC (2009). Mechanisms of withdrawal-associated increases in heroin self-administration: pharmacologic modulation of heroin vs food choice in heroin-dependent rhesus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 899\u2013911.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR50","unstructured":"Negus SS, Banks ML (2011). Making the right choice: lessons from drug discrimination for research on drug reinforcement and drug self-administration. In: Glennon RL, Young R, (eds). Drug Discrimination: Applications to Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Studies. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York. pp 361\u2013388."},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033921","volume":"82","author":"L Parker","year":"1973","unstructured":"Parker L, Failor A, Weidman K (1973). Conditioned preferences in the rat with an unnatural need state: morphine withdrawal. J Comp Physiol Psychol 82: 294\u2013300.","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.6.999","volume":"106","author":"LA Parker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parker LA, Maier S, Rennie M, Crebolder J (1992). Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: analysis by the taste reactivity test. Behav Neurosci 106: 999\u20131010.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR53","first-page":"269","volume":"3","author":"S Pecina","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pecina S, Berridge KC (1995). Central enhancement of taste pleasure by intraventricular morphine. Neurobiology (Bp) 3: 269\u2013280.","journal-title":"Neurobiology (Bp)"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293154","volume":"12","author":"S Pecina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pecina S, Smith KS, Berridge KC (2006). Hedonic hot spots in the brain. Neuroscientist 12: 500\u2013511.","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(95)00153-0","volume":"66","author":"NR Richardson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richardson NR, Roberts DC (1996). Progressive ratio schedules in drug self-administration studies in rats: a method to evaluate reinforcing efficacy. J Neurosci Methods 66: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01957.1996","volume":"16","author":"Y Shaham","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shaham Y, Rajabi H, Stewart J (1996). Relapse to heroin-seeking in rats under opioid maintenance: the effects of stress, heroin priming, and withdrawal. J Neurosci 16: 1957\u20131963.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4205-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"KS Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith KS, Berridge KC (2007). Opioid limbic circuit for reward: interaction between hedonic hotspots of nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum. J Neurosci 27: 1594\u20131605.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E255","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101920108","volume":"108","author":"KS Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith KS, Berridge KC, Aldridge JW (2011). Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and learning signals in brain reward circuitry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: E255\u2013E264.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.03.004","volume":"98","author":"LF Vendruscolo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vendruscolo LF, Schlosburg JE, Misra KK, Chen SA, Greenwell TN, Koob GF (2011). Escalation patterns of varying periods of heroin access. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 98: 570\u2013574.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(03)00094-7","volume":"75","author":"JR Walker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walker JR, Chen SA, Moffitt H, Inturrisi CE, Koob GF (2003). Chronic opioid exposure produces increased heroin self-administration in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75: 349\u2013354.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.011","volume":"106","author":"SL Walsh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walsh SL, Donny EC, Nuzzo PA, Umbricht A, Bigelow GE (2010). Cocaine abuse versus cocaine dependence: cocaine self-administration and pharmacodynamic response in the human laboratory. Drug Alcohol Depend 106: 28\u201337.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300560","volume":"30","author":"SJ Ward","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ward SJ, Morgan D, Roberts DC (2005). Comparison of the reinforcing effects of cocaine and cocaine\/heroin combinations under progressive ratio and choice schedules in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 30: 286\u2013295.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31260-7","volume":"205","author":"WL Woolverton","year":"1978","unstructured":"Woolverton WL, Kandel D, Schuster CR (1978). Tolerance and cross-tolerance to cocaine and d-amphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 205: 525\u2013535.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR64","first-page":"57","volume":"25","author":"T Yanagita","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yanagita T (1973). An experimental framework for evaluation of dependence liability of various types of drugs in monkeys. Bull Narc 25: 57\u201364.","journal-title":"Bull Narc"},{"key":"BFnpp201317_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050355","volume":"132","author":"M Zhang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhang M, Kelley AE (1997). Opiate agonists microinjected into the nucleus accumbens enhance sucrose drinking in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132: 350\u2013360.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp201317.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp201317","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp201317.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T17:15:36Z","timestamp":1745946936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp201317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnpp201317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2013.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]]}}}