{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:19:18Z","timestamp":1792016358167,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":262,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T06:45:02Z","timestamp":1468305902000},"page":"156-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Glial and Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Critical Modulators of Drug Use and Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Michael J","family":"Lacagnina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7620-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip D","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staci D","family":"Bilbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22835","volume":"63","author":"KE Ahlers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahlers KE, Karacay B, Fuller L, Bonthius DJ, Dailey ME (2015). Transient activation of microglia following acute alcohol exposure in developing mouse neocortex is primarily driven by BAX-dependent neurodegeneration. Glia 63: 1694\u20131713.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2014","volume":"10","author":"B Ajami","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ajami B, Bennett JL, Krieger C, Tetzlaff W, Rossi FMV (2007). Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat Neurosci 10: 1538\u20131543.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8285","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0976-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"S Alfonso-Loeches","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alfonso-Loeches S, Pascual-Lucas M, Blanco AM, Sanchez-Vera I, Guerri C (2010). Pivotal role of TLR4 receptors in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage. J Neurosci 30: 8285\u20138295.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11059","volume":"486","author":"NJ Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen NJ, Bennett ML, Foo LC, Wang GX, Chakraborty C, Smith SJ et al (2012). Astrocyte glypicans 4 and 6 promote formation of excitatory synapses via GluA1 AMPA receptors. Nature 486: 410\u2013414.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00113-3","volume":"117","author":"F Alliot","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alliot F, Godin I, Pessac B (1999). Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac, and which proliferate in the brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 117: 145\u2013152.","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.007","volume":"81","author":"A Araque","year":"2014","unstructured":"Araque A, Carmignoto G, Haydon PG, Oliet SH, Robitaille R, Volterra A (2014). Gliotransmitters travel in time and space. Neuron 81: 728\u2013739.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.02.001","volume":"488","author":"V Armstrong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Armstrong V, Reichel CM, Doti JF, Crawford CA, McDougall SA (2004). Repeated amphetamine treatment causes a persistent elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the caudate-putamen. Eur J Pharmacol 488: 111\u2013115.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527314666150529132503","volume":"14","author":"R Bachtell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bachtell R, Hutchinson MR, Wang X, Rice KC, Maier SF, Watkins LR (2015). Targeting the toll of drug abuse: the translational potential of Toll-like receptor 4. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 14: 692\u2013699.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.11.011","volume":"45","author":"M Bajo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bajo M, Herman MA, Varodayan FP, Oleata CS, Madamba SG, Harris RA et al (2015). Role of the IL-1 receptor antagonist in ethanol-induced regulation of GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala. Brain Behav Immun 45: 189\u2013197.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.007","volume":"40","author":"M Bajo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bajo M, Madamba SG, Roberto M, Blednov YA, Sagi VN, Roberts E et al (2014). Innate immune factors modulate ethanol interaction with GABAergic transmission in mouse central amygdala. Brain Behav Immun 40: 191\u2013202.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403847","volume":"209","author":"GA Banker","year":"1980","unstructured":"Banker GA (1980). Trophic interactions between astroglial cells and hippocampal neurons in culture. Science 209: 809\u2013810.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.09.001","volume":"24","author":"WA Banks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banks WA, Robinson SM (2010). Minimal penetration of lipopolysaccharide across the murine blood-brain barrier. Brain Behav Immun 24: 102\u2013109.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020362","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020362","volume":"7","author":"OA Bayraktar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bayraktar OA, Fuentealba LC, Alvarez-Buylla A, Rowitch DH (2015). Astrocyte development and heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7: a020362.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067859","volume":"295","author":"EC Beattie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beattie EC, Stellwagen D, Morishita W, Bresnahan JC, Ha BK, Von Zastrow M et al (2002). Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha. Science 295: 2282\u20132285.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607423103","volume":"103","author":"DR Beers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beers DR, Henkel JS, Xiao Q, Zhao W, Wang J, Yen AA et al (2006). Wild-type microglia extend survival in PU.1 knockout mice with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 16021\u201316026.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.015","volume":"162","author":"KT Beier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beier KT, Steinberg EE, DeLoach KE, Xie S, Miyamichi K, Schwarz L et al (2015). Circuit architecture of VTA dopamine neurons revealed by systematic input-output mapping. Cell 162: 622\u2013634.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12069","volume":"497","author":"EJ Benner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benner EJ, Luciano D, Jo R, Abdi K, Paez-Gonzalez P, Sheng H et al (2013). Protective astrogenesis from the SVZ niche after injury is controlled by Notch modulator Thbs4. Nature 497: 369\u2013373.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3560","volume":"16","author":"AR Bialas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bialas AR, Stevens B (2013). TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement. Nat Neurosci 16: 1773\u20131782.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.08.007","volume":"30","author":"K Biber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Biber K, Neumann H, Inoue K, Boddeke HWGM (2007). Neuronal 'On' and 'Off' signals control microglia. Trends Neurosci 30: 596\u2013602.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.08.006","volume":"33","author":"SD Bilbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bilbo SD, Schwarz JM (2012). The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 33: 267\u2013286.","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9299-y","volume":"7","author":"SD Bilbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bilbo SD, Smith SH, Schwarz JM (2012). A lifespan approach to neuroinflammatory and cognitive disorders: a critical role for glia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 7: 24\u201341.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.006","volume":"30","author":"A Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rklund A, Dunnett SB (2007). Dopamine neuron systems in the brain: an update. Trends Neurosci 30: 194\u2013202.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00284.x","volume":"17","author":"YA Blednov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blednov YA, Ponomarev I, Geil C, Bergeson S, Koob GF, Harris RA (2012). Neuroimmune regulation of alcohol consumption: behavioral validation of genes obtained from genomic studies. Addict Biol 17: 108\u2013120.","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00325030","volume":"85","author":"K Blinzinger","year":"1968","unstructured":"Blinzinger K, Kreutzberg G (1968). Displacement of synaptic terminals from regenerating motoneurons by microglial cells. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat 85: 145\u2013157.","journal-title":"Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","volume":"8","author":"ML Block","year":"2007","unstructured":"Block ML, Zecca L, Hong JS (2007). Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 8: 57\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.03.033","volume":"324","author":"KE Boschen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boschen KE, Ruggiero MJ, Klintsova AY (2016). Neonatal binge alcohol exposure increases microglial activation in the developing rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 324: 355\u2013366.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01271.x","volume":"34","author":"NI Boyadjieva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boyadjieva NI, Sarkar DK (2010). Role of microglia in ethanol's apoptotic action on hypothalamic neuronal cells in primary cultures. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 34: 1835\u20131842.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01889.x","volume":"37","author":"NI Boyadjieva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyadjieva NI, Sarkar DK (2013). Microglia play a role in ethanol-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in developing hypothalamic neurons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 37: 252\u2013262.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04082.x","volume":"23","author":"MS Brodie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brodie MS, Pesold C, Appel SB (1999). Ethanol directly excites dopaminergic ventral tegmental area reward neurons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23: 1848\u20131852.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3710","volume":"15","author":"GC Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown GC, Neher JJ (2014). Microglial phagocytosis of live neurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 15: 209\u2013216.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00183.2002","volume":"22","author":"EA Bushong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bushong EA, Martone ME, Jones YZ, Ellisman MH (2002). Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains. J Neurosci 22: 183\u2013192.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.018","volume":"131","author":"S Calcaterra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calcaterra S, Glanz J, Binswanger IA (2013). National trends in pharmaceutical opioid related overdose deaths compared to other substance related overdose deaths: 1999-2009. Drug Alcohol Depend 131: 263\u2013270.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10827","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10827.2003","volume":"23","author":"CM Cannon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cannon CM, Palmiter RD (2003). Reward without dopamine. J Neurosci 23: 10827\u201310831.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1715","volume":"9","author":"AE Cardona","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cardona AE, Pioro EP, Sasse ME, Kostenko V, Cardona SM, Dijkstra IM et al (2006). Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor. Nat Neurosci 9: 917\u2013924.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112","volume":"112","author":"A Case","year":"2015","unstructured":"Case A, Deaton A (2015). Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: 15078\u201315083.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0410-9","volume":"36","author":"CN Cearley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cearley CN, Blindheim K, Sorg BA, Krueger JM, Churchill L (2011). Acute cocaine increases interleukin-1beta mRNA and immunoreactive cells in the cortex and nucleus accumbens. Neurochem Res 36: 686\u2013692.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.020","volume":"85","author":"P Chakrabarty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chakrabarty P, Li A, Ceballos-Diaz C, Eddy JA, Funk CC, Moore B et al (2015). IL-10 alters immunoproteostasis in APP mice, increasing plaque burden and worsening cognitive behavior. Neuron 85: 519\u2013533.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.8051","volume":"93","author":"CC Chao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chao CC, Gekker G, Hu S, Sheng WS, Shark KB, Bu DF et al (1996). Kappa opioid receptors in human microglia downregulate human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 8051\u20138056.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36668-6","volume":"281","author":"CC Chao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chao CC, Hu S, Shark KB, Sheng WS, Gekker G, Peterson PK (1997). Activation of mu opioid receptors inhibits microglial cell chemotaxis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281: 998\u20131004.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11706","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0730-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"Z Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen Z, Jalabi W, Shpargel KB, Farabaugh KT, Dutta R, Yin X et al (2012). Lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation and neuroprotection against experimental brain injury is independent of hematogenous TLR4. J Neurosci 32: 11706\u201311715.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.020","volume":"120","author":"KS Christopherson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christopherson KS, Ullian EM, Stokes CC, Mullowney CE, Hell JW, Agah A et al (2005). Thrombospondins are astrocyte-secreted proteins that promote CNS synaptogenesis. Cell 120: 421\u2013433.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020370","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020370","volume":"7","author":"WS Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung WS, Allen NJ, Eroglu C (2015a). Astrocytes control synapse formation, function, and elimination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7: a020370.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4142","volume":"18","author":"WS Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung WS, Welsh CA, Barres BA, Stevens B (2015b). Do glia drive synaptic and cognitive impairment in disease? Nat Neurosci 18: 1539\u20131545.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3484","volume":"14","author":"LE Clarke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarke LE, Barres BA (2013). Emerging roles of astrocytes in neural circuit development. Nat Rev Neurosci 14: 311\u2013321.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.01.008","volume":"134","author":"JK Coller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coller JK, Hutchinson MR (2012). Implications of central immune signaling caused by drugs of abuse: mechanisms, mediators and new therapeutic approaches for prediction and treatment of drug dependence. Pharmacol Ther 134: 219\u2013245.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb04315.x","volume":"22","author":"CA Colton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Colton CA, Snell-Callanan J, Chernyshev ON (1998). Ethanol induced changes in superoxide anion and nitric oxide in cultured microglia. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22: 710\u2013716.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.12.019","volume":"45","author":"F Corrigan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corrigan F, Wu Y, Tuke J, Coller JK, Rice KC, Diener KR et al (2015). Alcohol-induced sedation and synergistic interactions between alcohol and morphine: a key mechanistic role for Toll-like receptors and MyD88-dependent signaling. Brain Behav Immun 45: 245\u2013252.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201306099","volume":"203","author":"MM Corty","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corty MM, Freeman MR (2013). Architects in neural circuit design: glia control neuron numbers and connectivity. J Cell Biol 203: 395\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9438-8","volume":"8","author":"BM Costa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costa BM, Yao H, Yang L, Buch S (2013). Role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cocaine-induced microglial cell death. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 8: 705\u2013714.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR50","first-page":"331","volume":"37","author":"FT Crews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crews FT, Sarkar DK, Qin L, Zou J, Boyadjieva N, Vetreno RP (2015). Neuroimmune function and the consequences of alcohol exposure. Alcohol Res 37: 331\u2013351.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3906-1","volume":"233","author":"FT Crews","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crews FT, Vetreno RP (2016). Mechanisms of neuroimmune gene induction in alcoholism. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 233: 1543\u20131557.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700045232","volume":"2","author":"TJ Crow","year":"1972","unstructured":"Crow TJ (1972). Catecholamine-containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation. 1. A review of some data. Psychol Med 2: 414\u2013421.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11499","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219852110","volume":"110","author":"G Curtale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Curtale G, Mirolo M, Renzi TA, Rossato M, Bazzoni F, Locati M (2013). Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by IL-10-dependent microRNA-146b. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110: 11499\u201311504.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1472","volume":"8","author":"D Davalos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S et al (2005). ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat Neurosci 8: 752\u2013758.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.056","volume":"164","author":"B De Strooper","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Strooper B, Karran E (2016). The cellular phase of Alzheimer's disease. Cell 164: 603\u2013615.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.5.1209","volume":"174","author":"R de Waal Malefyt","year":"1991","unstructured":"de Waal Malefyt R, Abrams J, Bennett B, Figdor CG, de Vries JE (1991). Interleukin 10(IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med 174: 1209\u20131220.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5","volume":"382","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ, Baxter AJ, Charlson FJ, Hall WD et al (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 382: 1564\u20131574.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR58","first-page":"482","volume-title":"Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System","author":"P del R\u00edo-Hortega","year":"1932","unstructured":"del R\u00edo-Hortega P (1932). Microglia. In: Penfield W (ed) Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Paul B. Hoeber: New York, NY, Vol 2 pp 482\u2013534."},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-92","volume":"11","author":"EC Dengler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dengler EC, Alberti LA, Bowman BN, Kerwin AA, Wilkerson JL, Moezzi DR et al (2014). Improvement of spinal non-viral IL-10 gene delivery by D-mannose as a transgene adjuvant to control chronic neuropathic pain. J Neuroinflammation 11: 92.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099020","volume":"305","author":"V Deroche-Gamonet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deroche-Gamonet V, Belin D, Piazza PV (2004). Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat. Science 305: 1014\u20131017.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24578-5","volume":"244","author":"G Di Chiara","year":"1988","unstructured":"Di Chiara G, Imperato A (1988). Opposite effects of mu and kappa opiate agonists on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and in the dorsal caudate of freely moving rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244: 1067\u20131080.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11354","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0723-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"B Djukic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Djukic B, Casper KB, Philpot BD, Chin LS, McCarthy KD (2007). Conditional knock-out of Kir4.1 leads to glial membrane depolarization, inhibition of potassium and glutamate uptake, and enhanced short-term synaptic potentiation. J Neurosci 27: 11354\u201311365.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.025","volume":"139","author":"C Eroglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eroglu C, Allen NJ, Susman MW, O'Rourke NA, Park CY, \u00d6zkan E et al (2009). Gabapentin receptor \u03b12\u03b4-1 is a neuronal thrombospondin receptor responsible for excitatory CNS synaptogenesis. Cell 139: 380\u2013392.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09612","volume":"468","author":"C Eroglu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eroglu C, Barres BA (2010). Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia. Nature 468: 223\u2013231.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104454","volume":"7","author":"ABP Fernando","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fernando ABP, Robbins TW (2011). Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 7: 39\u201361.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.01.014","volume":"86","author":"RD Fields","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fields RD, Woo DH, Basser PJ (2015). Glial regulation of the neuronal connectome through local and long-distant communication. Neuron 86: 374\u2013386.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-1281(11)80187-X","volume":"97","author":"H Franke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Franke H (1995). Influence of chronic alcohol treatment on the GFAP-immunoreactivity in astrocytes of the hippocampus in rats. Acta Histochem 97: 263\u2013271.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3713","volume":"14","author":"NJ Gay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gay NJ, Symmons MF, Gangloff M, Bryant CE (2014). Assembly and localization of Toll-like receptor signalling complexes. Nat Rev Immunol 14: 546\u2013558.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2784","volume":"10","author":"F Geissmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geissmann F, Gordon S, Hume DA, Mowat AM, Randolph GJ (2010). Unravelling mononuclear phagocyte heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 10: 453\u2013460.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.02.053","volume":"538","author":"LC Gibson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gibson LC, Hastings SF, McPhee I, Clayton RA, Darroch CE, Mackenzie A et al (2006). The inhibitory profile of Ibudilast against the human phosphodiesterase enzyme family. Eur J Pharmacol 538: 39\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","volume":"330","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ginhoux F, Greter M, Leboeuf M, Nandi S, See P, Gokhan S et al (2010). Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science 330: 841\u2013845.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3671","volume":"14","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ginhoux F, Jung S (2014). Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 14: 392\u2013404.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3324","volume":"17","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ginhoux F, Schultze JL, Murray PJ, Ochando J, Biswas SK (2016). New insights into the multidimensional concept of macrophage ontogeny, activation and function. Nat Immunol 17: 34\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1432.043","volume":"1139","author":"J Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves J, Martins T, Ferreira R, Milhazes N, Borges F, Ribeiro CF et al (2008). Methamphetamine-induced early increase of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 mRNA expression in the mouse brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1139: 103\u2013111.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05873.x","volume":"26","author":"JC Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez JC, Egea J, Del Carmen Godino M, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, S\u00e1nchez-Prieto J, Gand\u00eda L et al (2007). Neuroprotectant minocycline depresses glutamatergic neurotransmission and Ca(2+) signalling in hippocampal neurons. Eur J Neurosci 26: 2481\u20132495.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4222","volume":"19","author":"K Grabert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grabert K, Michoel T, Karavolos MH, Clohisey S, Baillie JK, Stevens MP et al (2016). Microglial brain region-dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging. Nat Neurosci 19: 504\u2013516.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3621","volume":"14","author":"PM Grace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grace PM, Hutchinson MR, Maier SF, Watkins LR (2014a). Pathological pain and the neuroimmune interface. Nat Rev Immunol 14: 217\u2013231.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.09.020","volume":"280","author":"PM Grace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grace PM, Ramos KM, Rodgers KM, Wang X, Hutchinson MR, Lewis MT et al (2014b). Activation of adult rat CNS endothelial cells by opioid-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling induces proinflammatory, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral sequelae. Neuroscience 280: 299\u2013317.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190929","volume":"330","author":"MB Graeber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graeber MB (2010). Changing face of microglia. Science 330: 783\u2013788.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0854-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"M Gravel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gravel M, Beland LC, Soucy G, Abdelhamid E, Rahimian R, Gravel C et al (2016). IL-10 controls early microglial phenotypes and disease onset in ALS caused by misfolded superoxide dismutase 1. J Neurosci 36: 1031\u20131048.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.001","volume":"37","author":"M Greter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greter M, Lelios I, Pelczar P, Hoeffel G, Price J, Leboeuf M et al (2012). Stroma-derived interleukin-34 controls the development and maintenance of langerhans cells and the maintenance of microglia. Immunity 37: 1050\u20131060.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00966217","volume":"15","author":"C Guerri","year":"1990","unstructured":"Guerri C, Saez R, Sancho-Tello M, Martin de Aquilera E, Renau-Piqueras J (1990). Ethanol alters astrocyte development: a study of critical periods using primary cultures. Neurochem Res 15: 559\u2013565.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524860113","volume":"113","author":"P Guha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guha P, Harraz MM, Snyder SH (2016). Cocaine elicits autophagic cytotoxicity via a nitric oxide-GAPDH signaling cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113: 1417\u20131422.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.068","volume":"85","author":"MV Guillot-Sestier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guillot-Sestier MV, Doty KR, Gate D, Rodriguez J Jr, Leung BP, Rezai-Zadeh K et al (2015). Il10 deficiency rebalances innate immunity to mitigate Alzheimer-like pathology. Neuron 85: 534\u2013548.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5748","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6748","volume":"5","author":"S Gupta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta S, Ellis SE, Ashar FN, Moes A, Bader JS, Zhan J et al (2014). Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of innate immune response genes and neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism. Nat Commun 5: 5748.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6473","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1419-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"MM Halassa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Halassa MM, Fellin T, Takano H, Dong JH, Haydon PG (2007). Synaptic islands defined by the territory of a single astrocyte. J Neurosci 27: 6473\u20136477.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00065","volume":"7","author":"UK Hanisch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hanisch UK (2013). Functional diversity of microglia\u2014how heterogeneous are they to begin with? Front Cell Neurosci 7: 65.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997","volume":"10","author":"UK Hanisch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H (2007). Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat Neurosci 10: 1387\u20131394.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.050","volume":"56 Suppl 1","author":"PG Haydon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haydon PG, Blendy J, Moss SJ, Rob Jackson F (2009). Astrocytic control of synaptic transmission and plasticity: a target for drugs of abuse? Neuropharmacology 56 Suppl 1: 83\u201390.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.017","volume":"210","author":"J He","year":"2008","unstructured":"He J, Crews FT (2008). Increased MCP-1 and microglia in various regions of the human alcoholic brain. Exp Neurol 210: 349\u2013358.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018190","volume":"6","author":"L He","year":"2011","unstructured":"He L, Li H, Chen L, Miao J, Jiang Y, Zhang Y et al (2011). Toll-like receptor 9 is required for opioid-induced microglia apoptosis. PLoS One 6: e18190.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","volume":"14","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Carson MJ, El Khoury J, Landreth GE, Brosseron F, Feinstein DL et al (2015). Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 14: 388\u2013405.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3554","volume":"16","author":"SE Hickman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hickman SE, Kingery ND, Ohsumi TK, Borowsky ML, Wang LC, Means TK et al (2013). The microglial sensome revealed by direct RNA sequencing. Nat Neurosci 16: 1896\u20131905.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.012","volume":"65","author":"TS Hnasko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hnasko TS, Chuhma N, Zhang H, Goh GY, Sulzer D, Palmiter RD et al (2010). Vesicular glutamate transport promotes dopamine storage and glutamate corelease in vivo. Neuron 65: 643\u2013656.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04172","volume":"438","author":"TS Hnasko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hnasko TS, Sotak BN, Palmiter RD (2005). Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient mice. Nature 438: 854\u2013857.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4113","volume":"18","author":"GE Hodes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hodes GE, Kana V, Menard C, Merad M, Russo SJ (2015). Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression. Nat Neurosci 18: 1386\u20131393.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8373","volume":"352","author":"S Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong S, Beja-Glasser VF, Nfonoyim BM, Frouin A, Li S, Ramakrishnan S et al (2016). Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models. Science 352: 712\u2013716.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4595-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"RJ Horvath","year":"2009","unstructured":"Horvath RJ, DeLeo JA (2009). Morphine enhances microglial migration through modulation of P2X4 receptor signaling. J Neurosci 29: 998\u20131005.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.012","volume":"23","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Lewis SS, Coats BD, Skyba DA, Crysdale NY, Berkelhammer DL et al (2009). Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast). Brain Behav Immun 23: 240\u2013250.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.07.008","volume":"22","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Northcutt AL, Chao LW, Kearney JJ, Zhang Y, Berkelhammer DL et al (2008). Minocycline suppresses morphine-induced respiratory depression, suppresses morphine-induced reward, and enhances systemic morphine-induced analgesia. Brain Behav Immun 22: 1248\u20131256.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11187","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0684-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Northcutt AL, Hiranita T, Wang X, Lewis SS, Thomas J et al (2012). Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement. J Neurosci 32: 11187\u201311200.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.004135","volume":"63","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Shavit Y, Grace PM, Rice KC, Maier SF, Watkins LR (2011). Exploring the neuroimmunopharmacology of opioids: an integrative review of mechanisms of central immune signaling and their implications for opioid analgesia. Pharmacol Rev 63: 772\u2013810.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.05.039","volume":"76 Pt B","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR (2014). Why is neuroimmunopharmacology crucial for the future of addiction research? Neuropharmacology 76 Pt B: 218\u2013227.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.08.004","volume":"24","author":"MR Hutchinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hutchinson MR, Zhang Y, Shridhar M, Evans JH, Buchanan MM, Zhao TX et al (2010). Evidence that opioids may have toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2 effects. Brain Behav Immun 24: 83\u201395.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009","volume":"29","author":"SE Hyman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hyman SE, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ (2006). Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory. Annu Rev Neurosci 29: 565\u2013598.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2396","volume":"8","author":"LB Ivashkiv","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ivashkiv LB (2008). A signal-switch hypothesis for cross-regulation of cytokine and TLR signalling pathways. Nat Rev Immunol 8: 816\u2013822.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4320","volume":"175","author":"CS Jack","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jack CS, Arbour N, Manusow J, Montgrain V, Blain M, McCrea E et al (2005). TLR signaling tailors innate immune responses in human microglia and astrocytes. J Immunol 175: 4320\u20134330.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801284-0.00006-3","volume":"118","author":"JH Jacobsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacobsen JH, Watkins LR, Hutchinson MR (2014). Discovery of a novel site of opioid action at the innate immune pattern-recognition receptor TLR4 and its role in addiction. Int Rev Neurobiol 118: 129\u2013163.","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00483.1992","volume":"12","author":"SW Johnson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Johnson SW, North RA (1992). Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons. J Neurosci 12: 483\u2013488.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.317","volume":"40","author":"ME Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones ME, Lebonville CL, Barrus D, Lysle DT (2015). The role of brain interleukin-1 in stress-enhanced fear learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 40: 1289\u20131296.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.4","volume":"40","author":"HL June","year":"2015","unstructured":"June HL, Liu J, Warnock KT, Bell KA, Balan I, Bollino D et al (2015). CRF-amplified neuronal TLR4\/MCP-1 signaling regulates alcohol self-administration. Neuropsychopharmacology 40: 1549\u20131559.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.11.4106-4114.2000","volume":"20","author":"S Jung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jung S, Aliberti J, Graemmel P, Sunshine MJ, Kreutzberg GW, Sher A et al (2000). Analysis of fractalkine receptor CX(3)CR1 function by targeted deletion and green fluorescent protein reporter gene insertion. Mol Cell Biol 20: 4106\u20134114.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.04.030","volume":"147","author":"A Juni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juni A, Klein G, Pintar JE, Kest B (2007). Nociception increases during opioid infusion in opioid receptor triple knock-out mice. Neuroscience 147: 439\u2013444.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401850","volume":"13","author":"T Kawai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawai T, Akira S (2006). TLR signaling. Cell Death Differ 13: 816\u2013825.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5887","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.10.5887","volume":"167","author":"T Kawai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Fujita T, Inoue J, Muhlradt PF, Sato S et al (2001). Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the MyD88-independent pathway and results in activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 and the expression of a subset of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes. J Immunol 167: 5887\u20135894.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.023","volume":"77","author":"H Kettenmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kettenmann H, Kirchhoff F, Verkhratsky A (2013). Microglia: new roles for the synaptic stripper. Neuron 77: 10\u201318.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3318","volume":"16","author":"K Kierdorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kierdorf K, Erny D, Goldmann T, Sander V, Schulz C, Perdiguero EG et al (2013). Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways. Nat Neurosci 16: 273\u2013280.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00044","volume":"7","author":"K Kierdorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kierdorf K, Prinz M (2013). Factors regulating microglia activation. Front Cell Neurosci 7: 44.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.03.002","volume":"31","author":"U Kilic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kilic U, Kilic E, Matter CM, Bassetti CL, Hermann DM (2008). TLR-4 deficiency protects against focal cerebral ischemia and axotomy-induced neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 31: 33\u201340.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e156","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-348946","volume":"118","author":"KW Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim KW, Vallon-Eberhard A, Zigmond E, Farache J, Shezen E, Shakhar G et al (2011). In vivo structure\/function and expression analysis of the CX3C chemokine fractalkine. Blood 118: e156\u2013e167.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2007.03.003","volume":"41","author":"MW Kimpel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kimpel MW, Strother WN, McClintick JN, Carr LG, Liang T, Edenberg HJ et al (2007). Functional gene expression differences between inbred alcohol-preferring and -non-preferring rats in five brain regions. Alcohol 41: 95\u2013132.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-02-073841","volume":"110","author":"I Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein I, Cornejo JC, Polakos NK, John B, Wuensch SA, Topham DJ et al (2007). Kupffer cell heterogeneity: functional properties of bone marrow derived and sessile hepatic macrophages. Blood 110: 4077\u20134085.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110","volume":"35","author":"GF Koob","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koob GF, Volkow ND (2010). Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 35: 217\u2013238.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04039.x","volume":"23","author":"L Korbo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Korbo L (1999). Glial cell loss in the hippocampus of alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 23: 164\u2013168.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10049-7","volume":"19","author":"GW Kreutzberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kreutzberg GW (1996). Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 19: 312\u2013318.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104977108","volume":"108","author":"H Kucukdereli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kucukdereli H, Allen NJ, Lee AT, Feng A, Ozlu MI, Conatser LM et al (2011). Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: E440\u2013E449.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.020","volume":"96","author":"AJ Kwilasz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwilasz AJ, Grace PM, Serbedzija P, Maier SF, Watkins LR (2015). The therapeutic potential of interleukin-10 in neuroimmune diseases. Neuropharmacology 96: 55\u201369.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.03.019","volume":"76 Pt B","author":"S Lammel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lammel S, Lim BK, Malenka RC (2014). Reward and aversion in a heterogeneous midbrain dopamine system. Neuropharmacology 76 Pt B: 351\u2013359.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11527","volume":"491","author":"S Lammel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lammel S, Lim BK, Ran C, Huang KW, Betley MJ, Tye KM et al (2012). Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area. Nature 491: 212\u2013217.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150151071035","volume":"18","author":"LT Lau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lau LT, Yu AC (2001). Astrocytes produce and release interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon-gamma following traumatic and metabolic injury. J Neurotrauma 18: 351\u2013359.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1182","volume":"7","author":"SR Laviolette","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laviolette SR, Gallegos RA, Henriksen SJ, van der Kooy D (2004). Opiate state controls bi-directional reward signaling via GABAA receptors in the ventral tegmental area. Nat Neurosci 7: 160\u2013169.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90229-W","volume":"39","author":"LJ Lawson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lawson LJ, Perry VH, Dri P, Gordon S (1990). Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal adult mouse brain. Neuroscience 39: 151\u2013170.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.76.060605.122847","volume":"76","author":"MS Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee MS, Kim YJ (2007). Signaling pathways downstream of pattern-recognition receptors and their cross talk. Annu Rev Biochem 76: 447\u2013480.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.10.011","volume":"165","author":"SS Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis SS, Hutchinson MR, Rezvani N, Loram LC, Zhang Y, Maier SF et al (2010). Evidence that intrathecal morphine-3-glucuronide may cause pain enhancement via toll-like receptor 4\/MD-2 and interleukin-1beta. Neuroscience 165: 569\u2013583.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.08.010","volume":"49","author":"X Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li X, Jiang S, Tapping RI (2010a). Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival. Cytokine 49: 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.08.031","volume":"75","author":"X Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li X, Newbern JM, Wu Y, Morgan-Smith M, Zhong J, Charron J et al (2012a). MEK is a key regulator of gliogenesis in the developing brain. Neuron 75: 1035\u20131050.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2012.10.027","volume":"23","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li Y, Du XF, Liu CS, Wen ZL, Du JL (2012b). Reciprocal regulation between resting microglial dynamics and neuronal activity in vivo. Dev Cell 23: 1189\u20131202.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.11.074","volume":"391","author":"Y Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Sun X, Hanley GA, LeSage G et al (2010b). Toll-like receptor 2 is required for opioids-induced neuronal apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391: 426\u2013430.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0501-2","volume":"13","author":"K Liao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liao K, Guo M, Niu F, Yang L, Callen SE, Buch S (2016). Cocaine-mediated induction of microglial activation involves the ER stress-TLR2 axis. J Neuroinflammation 13: 33.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154370","volume":"320","author":"H Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin H, Lee E, Hestir K, Leo C, Huang M, Bosch E et al (2008). Discovery of a cytokine and its receptor by functional screening of the extracellular proteome. Science 320: 807\u2013811.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.10.034","volume":"168","author":"KY Little","year":"2009","unstructured":"Little KY, Ramssen E, Welchko R, Volberg V, Roland CJ, Cassin B (2009). Decreased brain dopamine cell numbers in human cocaine users. Psychiatry Res 168: 173\u2013180.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300947","volume":"31","author":"J Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu J, Lewohl JM, Harris RA, Iyer VR, Dodd PR, Randall PK et al (2006). Patterns of gene expression in the frontal cortex discriminate alcoholic from nonalcoholic individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 1574\u20131582.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019020108","volume":"108","author":"J Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu J, Yang AR, Kelly T, Puche A, Esoga C, June HL Jr et al (2011). Binge alcohol drinking is associated with GABAA \u03b12-regulated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the central amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 4465\u20134470.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.08.039","volume":"64","author":"KM Lucin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lucin KM, Wyss-Coray T (2009). Immune activation in brain aging and neurodegeneration: too much or too little? Neuron 64: 110\u2013122.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135632","volume":"28","author":"L Luo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luo L, O'Leary DDM (2005). Axon retraction and degeneration in development and disease. Annu Rev Neurosci 28: 127\u2013156.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.017","volume":"69","author":"C L\u00fcscher","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher C, Malenka RC (2011). Drug-evoked synaptic plasticity in addiction: from molecular changes to circuit remodeling. Neuron 69: 650\u2013663.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn026","volume":"43","author":"M Marcos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcos M, Pastor I, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarmiento R, Laso FJ (2008). Interleukin-10 gene polymorphism is associated with alcoholism but not with alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Alcohol 43: 523\u2013528.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.006","volume":"51","author":"SA Marshall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marshall SA, Casachahua JD, Rinker JA, Blose AK, Lysle DT, Thiele TE (2016). IL-1 receptor signaling in the basolateral amygdala modulates binge-like ethanol consumption in male C57BL\/6J mice. Brain Behav Immun 51: 258\u2013267.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/383819a0","volume":"383","author":"HW Matthes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Matthes HW, Maldonado R, Simonin F, Valverde O, Slowe S, Kitchen I et al (1996). Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the mu-opioid-receptor gene. Nature 383: 819\u2013823.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.01.006","volume":"25 Suppl 1","author":"JA McClain","year":"2011","unstructured":"McClain JA, Morris SA, Deeny MA, Marshall SA, Hayes DM, Kiser ZM et al (2011). Adolescent binge alcohol exposure induces long-lasting partial activation of microglia. Brain Behav Immun 25 Suppl 1: S120\u2013S128.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00949.x","volume":"15","author":"SR McKercher","year":"1996","unstructured":"McKercher SR, Torbett BE, Anderson KL, Henkel GW, Vestal DJ, Baribault H et al (1996). Targeted disruption of the PU.1 gene results in multiple hematopoietic abnormalities. EMBO J 15: 5647\u20135658.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80165-8","volume":"86","author":"A Medvinsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Medvinsky A, Dzierzak E (1996). Definitive hematopoiesis is autonomously initiated by the AGM region. Cell 86: 897\u2013906.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1038\/ni852","volume":"3","author":"M Merad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Merad M, Manz MG, Karsunky H, Wagers A, Peters W, Charo I et al (2002). Langerhans cells renew in the skin throughout life under steady-state conditions. Nat Immunol 3: 1135\u20131141.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90172-8","volume":"15","author":"A Meyer-Franke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meyer-Franke A, Kaplan MR, Pfrieger FW, Barres BA (1995). Characterization of the signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture. Neuron 15: 805\u2013819.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR155","first-page":"72","volume":"2","author":"JJ Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miguel-Hidalgo JJ (2009). The role of glial cells in drug abuse. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2: 72\u201382.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01439-7","volume":"52","author":"JJ Miguel-Hidalgo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Wei J, Andrew M, Overholser JC, Jurjus G, Stockmeier CA et al (2002). Glia pathology in the prefrontal cortex in alcohol dependence with and without depressive symptoms. Biol Psychiatry 52: 1121\u20131133.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller AH, Raison CL (2015). The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol 16: 22\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116ra116","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002902","volume":"4","author":"JM Mitchell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mitchell JM, O'Neil JP, Janabi M, Marks SM, Jagust WJ, Fields HL (2012). Alcohol consumption induces endogenous opioid release in the human orbitofrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Sci Transl Med 4: 116ra116.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510188103","volume":"103","author":"MK Mulligan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulligan MK, Ponomarev I, Hitzemann RJ, Belknap JK, Tabakoff B, Harris RA et al (2006). Toward understanding the genetics of alcohol drinking through transcriptome meta-analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 6368\u20136373.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9945","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0928-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"R Narendran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Narendran R, Lopresti BJ, Mason NS, Deuitch L, Paris J, Himes ML et al (2014). Cocaine abuse in humans is not associated with increased microglial activation: an 18-kDa translocator protein positron emission tomography imaging study with [11C]PBR28. J Neurosci 34: 9945\u20139950.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2647","volume":"13","author":"EJ Nestler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2010). Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci 13: 1161\u20131169.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","volume":"308","author":"A Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F (2005). Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 308: 1314\u20131318.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-07-01892.1984","volume":"4","author":"M Noble","year":"1984","unstructured":"Noble M, Fok-Seang J, Cohen J (1984). Glia are a unique substrate for the in vitro growth of central nervous system neurons. J Neurosci 4: 1892\u20131903.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00296-0","volume":"16","author":"TE North","year":"2002","unstructured":"North TE, de Bruijn MF, Stacy T, Talebian L, Lind E, Robin C et al (2002). Runx1 expression marks long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells in the midgestation mouse embryo. Immunity 16: 661\u2013672.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.177","volume":"20","author":"AL Northcutt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Northcutt AL, Hutchinson MR, Wang X, Baratta MV, Hiranita T, Cochran TA et al (2015). DAT isn't all that: cocaine reward and reinforcement require Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Mol Psychiatry 20: 1525\u20131537.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3446","volume":"13","author":"LA O'Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"O'Neill LA, Golenbock D, Bowie AG (2013). The history of Toll-like receptors\u2014redefining innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13: 453\u2013460.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(87)90011-7","volume":"434","author":"RD Oades","year":"1987","unstructured":"Oades RD, Halliday GM (1987). Ventral tegmental (A10) system: neurobiology. 1. Anatomy and connectivity. Brain Res 434: 117\u2013165.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.127.3294.315","volume":"127","author":"J Olds","year":"1958","unstructured":"Olds J (1958). Self-stimulation of the brain; its use to study local effects of hunger, sex, and drugs. Science 127: 315\u2013324.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/h0058775","volume":"47","author":"J Olds","year":"1954","unstructured":"Olds J, Milner P (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol 47: 419\u2013427.","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol Psychol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.025","volume":"132","author":"SH Orkin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Orkin SH, Zon LI (2008). Hematopoiesis: an evolving paradigm for stem cell biology. Cell 132: 631\u2013644.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","volume":"333","author":"RC Paolicelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paolicelli RC, Bolasco G, Pagani F, Maggi L, Scianni M, Panzanelli P et al (2011). Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science 333: 1456\u20131458.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh153","volume":"40","author":"IJ Pastor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pastor IJ, Laso FJ, Romero A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarmiento R (2005). Interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and alcoholism in Spanish men. Alcohol Alcohol 40: 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.04.037","volume":"133","author":"F Peri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peri F, N\u00fcsslein-Volhard C (2008). Live imaging of neuronal degradation by microglia reveals a role for v0-ATPase a1 in phagosomal fusion in vivo. Cell 133: 916\u2013927.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90215-5","volume":"15","author":"VH Perry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Perry VH, Hume DA, Gordon S (1985). Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain. Neuroscience 15: 313\u2013326.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5332.1684","volume":"277","author":"FW Pfrieger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pfrieger FW, Barres BA (1997). Synaptic efficacy enhanced by glial cells in vitro. Science 277: 1684\u20131687.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01476","volume":"422","author":"PEM Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips PEM, Stuber GD, Heien MLAV, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2003). Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking. Nature 422: 614\u2013618.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR177","unstructured":"Piccinini AM, Midwood KS (2010). DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling. Mediators Inflamm 2010."},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3972","volume":"18","author":"KE Pleil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pleil KE, Rinker JA, Lowery-Gionta EG, Mazzone CM, McCall NM, Kendra AM et al (2015). NPY signaling inhibits extended amygdala CRF neurons to suppress binge alcohol drinking. Nat Neurosci 18: 545\u2013552.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3722","volume":"15","author":"M Prinz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prinz M, Priller J (2014). Microglia and brain macrophages in the molecular age: from origin to neuropsychiatric disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 15: 300\u2013312.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-5","volume":"9","author":"L Qin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qin L, Crews FT (2012). NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species contribute to alcohol-induced microglial activation and neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 9: 5.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR181","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1901-1921","author":"S Ram\u00f3n y, Cajal","year":"1906","unstructured":"Ram\u00f3n y, Cajal S (1906). The structure and connexions of neurons. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1901-1921. Elsevier: Amsterdam. pp 220\u2013253."},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09615","volume":"468","author":"RM Ransohoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ransohoff RM, Cardona AE (2010). The myeloid cells of the central nervous system parenchyma. Nature 468: 253\u2013262.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132528","volume":"27","author":"RM Ransohoff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ransohoff RM, Perry VH (2009). Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses. Annu Rev Immunol 27: 119\u2013145.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/37.2.2642942","volume":"37","author":"J Renau-Piqueras","year":"1989","unstructured":"Renau-Piqueras J, Zaragoza R, De Paz P, Baguena-Cervellera R, Megias L, Guerri C (1989). Effects of prolonged ethanol exposure on the glial fibrillary acidic protein-containing intermediate filaments of astrocytes in primary culture: a quantitative immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopic study. J Histochem Cytochem 37: 229\u2013240.","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12725","volume":"39","author":"ML Risher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Risher ML, Fleming RL, Risher WC, Miller KM, Klein RC, Wills T et al (2015a). Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure: persistence of structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities into adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39: 989\u2013997.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12913","volume":"39","author":"ML Risher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Risher ML, Sexton HG, Risher WC, Wilson WA, Fleming RL, Madison RD et al (2015b). Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure: dysregulation of thrombospondins and synapse formation are associated with decreased neuronal density in the adult hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39: 2403\u20132413.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90132-B","volume":"46","author":"MC Ritz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ritz MC, Cone EJ, Kuhar MJ (1990). Cocaine inhibition of ligand binding at dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters: a structure-activity study. Life Sci 46: 635\u2013645.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2565","volume":"9","author":"S Rivest","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rivest S (2009). Regulation of innate immune responses in the brain. Nat Rev Immunol 9: 429\u2013439.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4184","volume":"19","author":"S Robel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robel S, Sontheimer H (2016). Glia as drivers of abnormal neuronal activity. Nat Neurosci 19: 28\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.11.007","volume":"67","author":"M Roberto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberto M, Cruz MT, Gilpin NW, Sabino V, Schweitzer P, Bajo M et al (2010). Corticotropin releasing factor-induced amygdala gamma-aminobutyric acid release plays a key role in alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry 67: 831\u2013839.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/381","volume":"1","author":"BA Rocha","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rocha BA, Fumagalli F, Gainetdinov RR, Jones SR, Ator R, Giros B et al (1998). Cocaine self-administration in dopamine-transporter knockout mice. Nat Neurosci 1: 132\u2013137.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1629","volume":"9","author":"A Rolls","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rolls A, Shechter R, London A, Ziv Y, Ronen A, Levy R et al (2007). Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 9: 1081\u20131088.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3823","volume":"17","author":"DH Root","year":"2014","unstructured":"Root DH, Mejias-Aponte CA, Zhang S, Wang HL, Hoffman AF, Lupica CR et al (2014). Single rodent mesohabenular axons release glutamate and GABA. Nat Neurosci 17: 1543\u20131551.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90569-7","volume":"103","author":"PA Rosenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rosenberg PA, Aizenman E (1989). Hundred-fold increase in neuronal vulnerability to glutamate toxicity in astrocyte-poor cultures of rat cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 103: 162\u2013168.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2255","volume":"8","author":"W Rost\u00e8ne","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rost\u00e8ne W, Kitabgi P, Parsadaniantz SM (2007). Chemokines: a new class of neuromodulator? Nat Rev Neurosci 8: 895\u2013903.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80086-0","volume":"16","author":"JD Rothstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rothstein JD, Dykes-Hoberg M, Pardo CA, Bristol LA, Jin L, Kuncl RW et al (1996). Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 16: 675\u2013686.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13358","volume":"282","author":"LM Saba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saba LM, Flink SC, Vanderlinden LA, Israel Y, Tampier L, Colombo G et al (2015). The sequenced rat brain transcriptome\u2014its use in identifying networks predisposing alcohol consumption. FEBS J 282: 3556\u20133578.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3086","volume":"11","author":"K Saijo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saijo K, Glass CK (2011). Microglial cell origin and phenotypes in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11: 775\u2013787.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.021","volume":"76","author":"JD Salamone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salamone JD, Correa M (2012). The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine. Neuron 76: 470\u2013485.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.06.008","volume":"158","author":"MW Salter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salter MW, Beggs S (2014). Sublime microglia: expanding roles for the guardians of the CNS. Cell 158: 15\u201324.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05725","volume":"446","author":"IM Samokhvalov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Samokhvalov IM, Samokhvalova NI, Nishikawa S (2007). Cell tracing shows the contribution of the yolk sac to adult haematopoiesis. Nature 446: 1056\u20131061.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.026","volume":"74","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schafer DP, Lehrman EK, Kautzman AG, Koyama R, Mardinly AR, Yamasaki R et al (2012). Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner. Neuron 74: 691\u2013705.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22389","volume":"61","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schafer DP, Lehrman EK, Stevens B (2013). The \u2018quad-partite\u2019 synapse: microglia-synapse interactions in the developing and mature CNS. Glia 61: 24\u201336.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.09.012","volume":"23","author":"DP Schafer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schafer DP, Stevens B (2013). Phagocytic glial cells: sculpting synaptic circuits in the developing nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 23: 1034\u20131040.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","volume":"336","author":"C Schulz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schulz C, Gomez Perdiguero E, Chorro L, Szabo-Rogers H, Cagnard N, Kierdorf K et al (2012). A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science 336: 86\u201390.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17835","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3297-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"JM Schwarz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwarz JM, Hutchinson MR, Bilbo SD (2011). Early-life experience decreases drug-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP in adulthood via microglial-specific epigenetic programming of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. J Neurosci 31: 17835\u201317847.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3180-z","volume":"230","author":"JM Schwarz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwarz JM, Smith SH, Bilbo SD (2013). FACS analysis of neuronal-glial interactions in the nucleus accumbens following morphine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 230: 525\u2013535.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.016","volume":"78","author":"MD Scofield","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scofield MD, Boger HA, Smith RJ, Li H, Haydon PG, Kalivas PW (2015). Gq-DREADD selectively initiates glial glutamate release and inhibits cue-induced cocaine seeking. Biol Psychiatry 78: 441\u2013451.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.12.022","volume":"80","author":"MD Scofield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scofield MD, Li H, Siemsen BM, Healey KL, Tran PK, Woronoff N et al (2016). Cocaine self-administration and extinction leads to reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and morphometric features of astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens core. Biol Psychiatry 80: 207\u2013215.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16549","volume":"530","author":"A Sekar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N et al (2016). Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4. Nature 530: 177\u2013183.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5756","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1179-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"Y Sekine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sekine Y, Ouchi Y, Sugihara G, Takei N, Yoshikawa E, Nakamura K et al (2008). Methamphetamine causes microglial activation in the brains of human abusers. J Neurosci 28: 5756\u20135761.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4106-8","volume":"233","author":"TA Shnitko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shnitko TA, Spear LP, Robinson DL (2016). Adolescent binge-like alcohol alters sensitivity to acute alcohol effects on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of adult rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 233: 361\u2013371.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245193","volume":"117","author":"M Shoaib","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shoaib M, Spanagel R, Stohr T, Shippenberg TS (1995). Strain differences in the rewarding and dopamine-releasing effects of morphine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 117: 240\u2013247.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2014-5","volume":"213","author":"M Sofuoglu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sofuoglu M, Mooney M, Kosten T, Waters A, Hashimoto K (2011). Minocycline attenuates subjective rewarding effects of dextroamphetamine in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 213: 61\u201368.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04671","volume":"440","author":"D Stellwagen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stellwagen D, Malenka RC (2006). Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha. Nature 440: 1054\u20131059.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1136(200103)33:3<256::AID-GLIA1024>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"33","author":"N Stence","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stence N, Waite M, Dailey ME (2001). Dynamics of microglial activation: a confocal time-lapse analysis in hippocampal slices. Glia 33: 256\u2013266.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.018","volume":"77","author":"SM Sternson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sternson SM (2013). Hypothalamic survival circuits: blueprints for purposive behaviors. Neuron 77: 810\u2013824.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.036","volume":"131","author":"B Stevens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stevens B, Allen NJ, Vazquez LE, Howell GR, Christopherson KS, Nouri N et al (2007). The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination. Cell 131: 1164\u20131178.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12028","volume":"168","author":"CW Stevens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevens CW, Aravind S, Das S, Davis RL (2013). Pharmacological characterization of LPS and opioid interactions at the toll-like receptor 4. Br J Pharmacol 168: 1421\u20131429.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01011.x","volume":"19","author":"HS Swartzwelder","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swartzwelder HS, Wilson WA, Tayyeb MI (1995). Age-dependent inhibition of long-term potentiation by ethanol in immature versus mature hippocampus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19: 1480\u20131485.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3170-04.2005","volume":"25","author":"N Takayama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takayama N, Ueda H (2005). Morphine-induced chemotaxis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in microglia. J Neurosci 25: 430\u2013435.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.10.003","volume":"16","author":"K Takeda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takeda K, Akira S (2004). TLR signaling pathways. Semin Immunol 16: 3\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.221","volume":"41","author":"AM Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor AM, Castonguay A, Ghogha A, Vayssiere P, Pradhan AA, Xue L et al (2016). Neuroimmune regulation of GABAergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area during withdrawal from chronic morphine. Neuropsychopharmacology 41: 949\u2013959.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR224","first-page":"29","volume":"4","author":"SB Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor SB, Lewis CR, Olive MF (2013). The neurocircuitry of illicit psychostimulant addiction: acute and chronic effects in humans. Subst Abuse Rehabil 4: 29\u201343.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.12.019","volume":"73","author":"FR Theberge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Theberge FR, Li X, Kambhampati S, Pickens CL, St Laurent R, Bossert JM et al (2013). Effect of chronic delivery of the Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist (+)-naltrexone on incubation of heroin craving. Biol Psychiatry 73: 729\u2013737.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.070961","volume":"311","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Walker PD, Benjamins JA, Geddes TJ, Kuhn DM (2004). Methamphetamine neurotoxicity in dopamine nerve endings of the striatum is associated with microglial activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 311: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(92)90007-9","volume":"17","author":"WE Thomas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thomas WE (1992). Brain macrophages: evaluation of microglia and their functions. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 17: 61\u201374.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-155","volume":"9","author":"L Tian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tian L, Ma L, Kaarela T, Li Z (2012). Neuroimmune crosstalk in the central nervous system and its significance for neurological diseases. J Neuroinflammation 9: 155.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20462","volume":"55","author":"BD Trapp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trapp BD, Wujek JR, Criste GA, Jalabi W, Yin X, Kidd GJ et al (2007). Evidence for synaptic stripping by cortical microglia. Glia 55: 360\u2013368.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527","volume":"8","author":"M\u00c8 Tremblay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tremblay M\u00c8, Lowery RL, Majewska AK (2010). Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience. PLoS Biol 8: e1000527.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.023","volume":"76","author":"NX Tritsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tritsch NX, Sabatini BL (2012). Dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission in cortex and striatum. Neuron 76: 33\u201350.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.01.014","volume":"268","author":"T Trotta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trotta T, Porro C, Calvello R, Panaro MA (2014). Biological role of Toll-like receptor-4 in the brain. J Neuroimmunol 268: 1\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21653","volume":"86","author":"J Turchan-Cholewo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turchan-Cholewo J, Dimayuga FO, Ding Q, Keller JN, Hauser KF, Knapp PE et al (2008). Cell-specific actions of HIV-Tat and morphine on opioid receptor expression in glia. J Neurosci Res 86: 2100\u20132110.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5504.657","volume":"291","author":"EM Ullian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ullian EM, Sapperstein SK, Christopherson KS, Barres BA (2001). Control of synapse number by glia. Science 291: 657\u2013661.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR235","first-page":"144","volume":"21","author":"CF Valenzuela","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valenzuela CF (1997). Alcohol and neurotransmitter interactions. Alcohol Health Res World 21: 144\u2013148.","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12709","volume":"40","author":"CM Vander Weele","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vander Weele CM, Porter-Stransky KA, Mabrouk OS, Lovic V, Singer BF, Kennedy RT et al (2014). Rapid dopamine transmission within the nucleus accumbens: dramatic difference between morphine and oxycodone delivery. Eur J Neurosci 40: 3041\u20133054.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/386830a0","volume":"386","author":"ND Volkow","year":"1997","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Gatley SJ, Hitzemann R et al (1997). Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects. Nature 386: 830\u2013833.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4363-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"H Wake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Jinno S, Kohsaka S, Nabekura J (2009). Resting microglia directly monitor the functional state of synapses in vivo and determine the fate of ischemic terminals. J Neurosci 29: 3974\u20133980.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3638","volume":"15","author":"JG Walsh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walsh JG, Muruve DA, Power C (2014). Inflammasomes in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 15: 84\u201397.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00262-3","volume":"104","author":"MR Walton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walton MR, Gibbons H, MacGibbon GA, Sirimanne E, Saura J, Gluckman PD et al (2000). PU.1 expression in microglia. J Neuroimmunol 104: 109\u2013115.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206778343109","volume":"12","author":"JY Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang JY, Wen LL, Huang YN, Chen YT, Ku MC (2006). Dual effects of antioxidants in neurodegeneration: direct neuroprotection against oxidative stress and indirect protection via suppression of glia-mediated inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 12: 3521\u20133533.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6325","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200130109","volume":"109","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang X, Loram LC, Ramos K, de Jesus AJ, Thomas J, Cheng K et al (2012a). Morphine activates neuroinflammation in a manner parallel to endotoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 6325\u20136330.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13394","volume":"173","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang Y, Peng Y, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Yin H et al (2016). Pharmacological characterization of the opioid inactive isomers (+)-naltrexone and (+)-naloxone as antagonists of toll-like receptor 4. Br J Pharmacol 173: 856\u2013869.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2360","volume":"13","author":"Y Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang Y, Szretter KJ, Vermi W, Gilfillan S, Rossini C, Cella M et al (2012b). IL-34 is a tissue-restricted ligand of CSF1R required for the development of Langerhans cells and microglia. Nat Immunol 13: 753\u2013760.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950150051010","volume":"52","author":"LA Warner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Warner LA, Kessler RC, Hughes M, Anthony JC, Nelson CB (1995). Prevalence and correlates of drug use and dependence in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 219\u2013229.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.08.002","volume":"30","author":"LR Watkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watkins LR, Hutchinson MR, Rice KC, Maier SF (2009). The \u2018toll\u2019 of opioid-induced glial activation: improving the clinical efficacy of opioids by targeting glia. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30: 581\u2013591.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)39420-6","volume":"267","author":"F Weiss","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weiss F, Lorang MT, Bloom FE, Koob GF (1993). Oral alcohol self-administration stimulates dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens: genetic and motivational determinants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267: 250\u2013258.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03332.2002","volume":"22","author":"F Weiss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weiss F, Porrino LJ (2002). Behavioral neurobiology of alcohol addiction: recent advances and challenges. J Neurosci 22: 3332\u20133337.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10717","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10717","volume":"7","author":"DM Werling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Werling DM, Parikshak NN, Geschwind DH (2016). Gene expression in human brain implicates sexually dimorphic pathways in autism spectrum disorders. Nat Commun 7: 10717.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR250","first-page":"65","volume":"9","author":"CJ Wilhelm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilhelm CJ, Guizzetti M (2015). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview from the glia perspective. Front Integr Neurosci 9: 65.","journal-title":"Front Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15511","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3688-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"LL Williamson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williamson LL, Sholar PW, Mistry RS, Smith SH, Bilbo SD (2011). Microglia and memory: modulation by early-life infection. J Neurosci 31: 15511\u201315521.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01572.x","volume":"165","author":"Y Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu Y, Lousberg EL, Moldenhauer LM, Hayball JD, Coller JK, Rice KC et al (2012). Inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88 signalling cascade by genetic or pharmacological strategies reduces acute alcohol-induced sedation and motor impairment in mice. Br J Pharmacol 165: 1319\u20131329.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3617","volume":"15","author":"DN Xanthos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xanthos DN, Sandk\u00fchler J (2014). Neurogenic neuroinflammation: inflammatory CNS reactions in response to neuronal activity. Nat Rev Neurosci 15: 43\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1883","volume":"10","author":"HT Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu HT, Pan F, Yang G, Gan WB (2007). Choice of cranial window type for in vivo imaging affects dendritic spine turnover in the cortex. Nat Neurosci 10: 549\u2013551.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.168450","volume":"335","author":"H Yan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yan H, Li Q, Madison R, Wilson WA, Swartzwelder HS (2010). Differential sensitivity of hippocampal interneurons to ethanol in adolescent and adult rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 335: 51\u201360.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-3-19","volume":"3","author":"SK Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang SK, Wang YC, Chao CC, Chuang YJ, Lan CY, Chen BS (2010). Dynamic cross-talk analysis among TNF-R, TLR-4 and IL-1R signalings in TNFalpha-induced inflammatory responses. BMC Med Genomics 3: 19.","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00121-X","volume":"22","author":"HJ Yim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yim HJ, Gonzales RA (2000). Ethanol-induced increases in dopamine extracellular concentration in rat nucleus accumbens are accounted for by increased release and not uptake inhibition. Alcohol 22: 107\u2013115.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.024","volume":"221","author":"SY Yoon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoon SY, Patel D, Dougherty PM (2012). Minocycline blocks lipopolysaccharide induced hyperalgesia by suppression of microglia but not astrocytes. Neuroscience 221: 214\u2013224.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1934","volume":"347","author":"A Zeisel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeisel A, Mu\u00f1oz-Manchado AB, Codeluppi S, L\u00f6nnerberg P, La Manno G, Jur\u00e9us A et al (2015). Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq. Science 347: 1138\u20131142.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3641","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Paolicelli RC, Sforazzini F, Weinhard L, Bolasco G, Pagani F et al (2014). Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior. Nat Neurosci 17: 400\u2013406.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.09.017","volume":"26","author":"XQ Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang XQ, Cui Y, Cui Y, Chen Y, Na XD, Chen FY et al (2012). Activation of p38 signaling in the microglia in the nucleus accumbens contributes to the acquisition and maintenance of morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Brain Behav Immun 26: 318\u2013325.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"BFnpp2016121_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11929","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen K, Sloan SA, Bennett ML, Scholze AR, O'Keeffe S et al (2014). An RNA-sequencing transcriptome and splicing database of glia, neurons, and vascular cells of the cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 34: 11929\u201311947.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2016121.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2016121","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2016121.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T20:42:13Z","timestamp":1748983333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2016121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":262,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnpp2016121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2016.121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 March 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2016","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2016","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2016","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}