{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:07:51Z","timestamp":1792087671051,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T07:00:38Z","timestamp":1507532438000},"page":"1128-1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The Gene Encoding Protocadherin 9 (PCDH9), a Novel Risk Factor for Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yina","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Gang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong-Jian","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8197-6552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.09.006","volume":"225","author":"H Asahina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Asahina H, Masuba A, Hirano S, Yuri K (2012). Distribution of protocadherin 9 protein in the developing mouse nervous system. Neuroscience 225: 88\u2013104.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.37","volume":"17","author":"M Ayalew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ayalew M, Le-Niculescu H, Levey DF, Jain N, Changala B, Patel SD et al (2012). Convergent functional genomics of schizophrenia: from comprehensive understanding to genetic risk prediction. Mol Psychiatry 17: 887\u2013905.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.2.180","volume":"187","author":"GD Batty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Batty GD, Mortensen EL, Osler M (2005). Childhood IQ in relation to later psychiatric disorder: evidence from a Danish birth cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 187: 180\u2013181.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.028","volume":"53","author":"KS Benke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benke KS, Nivard MG, Velders FP, Walters RK, Pappa I, Scheet PA et al (2014). A genome-wide association meta-analysis of preschool internalizing problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53: 667\u2013676 e667.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.184","volume":"19","author":"B Benyamin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benyamin B, Pourcain B, Davis OS, Davies G, Hansell NK, Brion MJ et al (2014). Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L. Mol Psychiatry 19: 253\u2013258.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1074","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.292","volume":"7","author":"TB Bigdeli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bigdeli TB, Ripke S, Peterson RE, Trzaskowski M, Bacanu SA, Abdellaoui A et al (2017). Genetic effects influencing risk for major depressive disorder in China and Europe. Transl Psychiatry 7: e1074.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.38","volume":"16","author":"FJ Bosker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bosker FJ, Hartman CA, Nolte IM, Prins BP, Terpstra P, Posthuma D et al (2011). Poor replication of candidate genes for major depressive disorder using genome-wide association data. Mol Psychiatry 16: 516\u2013532.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.01.017","volume":"78","author":"H Bruining","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruining H, Matsui A, Oguro-Ando A, Kahn RS, Van't Spijker HM, Akkermans G et al (2015). Genetic mapping in mice reveals the involvement of Pcdh9 in long-term social and object recognition and sensorimotor development. Biol Psychiatry 78: 485\u2013495.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"BFnpp2017241_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.231","volume":"23","author":"H Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang H, Hoshina N, Zhang C, Ma Y, Cao H, Wang Y et al (2017). The protocadherin 17 gene affects cognition, personality, amygdala structure and function, synapse development and risk of major mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry doi:10.1038\/mp.2016.231.","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.11.1540","volume":"18","author":"C Colantuoni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colantuoni C, Henry G, Zeger S, Pevsner J (2002). SNOMAD (Standardization and NOrmalization of MicroArray Data): web-accessible gene expression data analysis. Bioinformatics 18: 1540\u20131541.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10524","volume":"478","author":"C Colantuoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colantuoni C, Lipska BK, Ye T, Hyde TM, Tao R, Leek JT et al (2011). Temporal dynamics and genetic control of transcription in the human prefrontal cortex. Nature 478: 519\u2013523.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14659","volume":"523","author":"Converge consortium","year":"2015","unstructured":"Converge consortium (2015). Sparse whole-genome sequencing identifies two loci for major depressive disorder. Nature 523: 588\u2013591.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100353","volume":"63","author":"IJ Deary","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deary IJ (2012). Intelligence. Annu Rev Psychol 63: 453\u2013482.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-009-0655-4","volume":"126","author":"IJ Deary","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deary IJ, Johnson W, Houlihan LM (2009). Genetic foundations of human intelligence. Hum Genet 126: 215\u2013232.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.65","volume":"16","author":"A Demirkan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Demirkan A, Penninx BW, Hek K, Wray NR, Amin N, Aulchenko YS et al (2011). Genetic risk profiles for depression and anxiety in adult and elderly cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 16: 773\u2013783.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000369974","volume":"1","author":"Y Ding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ding Y, Chang LC, Wang X, Guilloux JP, Parrish J, Oh H et al (2015). Molecular and genetic characterization of depression: overlap with other psychiatric disorders and aging. Mol Neuropsychiatry 1: 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Mol Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000993","volume":"6","author":"N Eriksson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eriksson N, Macpherson JM, Tung JY, Hon LS, Naughton B, Saxonov S et al (2010). Web-based, participant-driven studies yield novel genetic associations for common traits. PLoS Genet 6: e1000993.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033295","volume":"6","author":"AH Fanous","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fanous AH, Kendler KS (2004). The genetic relationship of personality to major depression and schizophrenia. Neurotox Res 6: 43\u201350.","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.717","volume":"42","author":"A Franke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franke A, McGovern DP, Barrett JC, Wang K, Radford-Smith GL, Ahmad T et al (2010). Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. Nat Genet 42: 1118\u20131125.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2653","volume":"45","author":"GTEx Consortium","year":"2013","unstructured":"GTEx Consortium (2013). The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Nat Genet 45: 580\u2013585.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1097","volume":"62","author":"DS Hasin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hasin DS, Goodwin RD, Stinson FS, Grant BF (2005). Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 1097\u20131106.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.031","volume":"78","author":"N Hoshina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoshina N, Tanimura A, Yamasaki M, Inoue T, Fukabori R, Kuroda T et al (2013). Protocadherin 17 regulates presynaptic assembly in topographic corticobasal Ganglia circuits. Neuron 78: 839\u2013854.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3623","volume":"48","author":"CL Hyde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hyde CL, Nagle MW, Tian C, Chen X, Paciga SA, Wendland JR et al (2016). Identification of 15 genetic loci associated with risk of major depression in individuals of European descent. Nat Genet 48: 1031\u20131036.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.57","volume":"21","author":"R Jansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jansen R, Penninx BW, Madar V, Xia K, Milaneschi Y, Hottenga JJ et al (2016). Gene expression in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 21: 339\u2013347.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 593\u2013602.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409","volume":"34","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Bromet EJ (2013). The epidemiology of depression across cultures. Annu Rev Public Health 34: 119\u2013138.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R36","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-4-r36","volume":"14","author":"D Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim D, Pertea G, Trapnell C, Pimentel H, Kelley R, Salzberg SL (2013). TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol 14: R36.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp106","volume":"35","author":"S Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim S, Webster MJ (2009). Postmortem brain tissue for drug discovery in psychiatric research. Schizophr Bull 35: 1031\u20131033.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.151","volume":"35","author":"S Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim S, Webster MJ (2010). The Stanley neuropathology consortium integrative database: a novel, web-based tool for exploring neuropathological markers in psychiatric disorders and the biological processes associated with abnormalities of those markers. Neuropsychopharmacology 35: 473\u2013482.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002110","volume":"14","author":"TA Klempan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Klempan TA, Sequeira A, Canetti L, Lalovic A, Ernst C, ffrench-Mullen J et al (2009). Altered expression of genes involved in ATP biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral prefrontal cortex of suicides with and without major depression. Mol Psychiatry 14: 175\u2013189.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08030343","volume":"166","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Moffitt TE, Roberts AL, Martin LT, Kubzansky L, Harrington H et al (2009). Childhood IQ and adult mental disorders: a test of the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry 166: 50\u201357.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.04.005","volume":"70","author":"MA Kohli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kohli MA, Lucae S, Saemann PG, Schmidt MV, Demirkan A, Hek K et al (2011). The neuronal transporter gene SLC6A15 confers risk to major depression. Neuron 70: 252\u2013265.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.05.009","volume":"98","author":"Y Kong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kong Y (2011). Btrim: a fast, lightweight adapter and quality trimming program for next-generation sequencing technologies. Genomics 98: 152\u2013153.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327","volume":"136","author":"R Kotov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kotov R, Gamez W, Schmidt F, Watson D (2010). Linking \"big\" personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 136: 768\u2013821.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015309","volume":"64","author":"BB Lahey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lahey BB (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. Am Psychol 64: 241\u2013256.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.05.008","volume":"31","author":"H Le-Niculescu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Le-Niculescu H, McFarland MJ, Mamidipalli S, Ogden CA, Kuczenski R, Kurian SM et al (2007). Convergent Functional Genomics of bipolar disorder: from animal model pharmacogenomics to human genetics and biomarkers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 31: 897\u2013903.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.08.008","volume":"10","author":"H Le-Niculescu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Le-Niculescu H, Patel SD, Niculescu AB (2010). Convergent integration of animal model and human studies of bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness). Curr Opin Pharmacol 10: 594\u2013600.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030161","volume":"3","author":"JT Leek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leek JT, Storey JD (2007). Capturing heterogeneity in gene expression studies by surrogate variable analysis. PLoS Genet 3: 1724\u20131735.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.08.024","volume":"60","author":"DF Levinson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Levinson DF (2006). The genetics of depression: a review. Biol Psychiatry 60: 84\u201392.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.029","volume":"76","author":"DF Levinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levinson DF, Mostafavi S, Milaneschi Y, Rivera M, Ripke S, Wray NR et al (2014). Genetic studies of major depressive disorder: why are there no genome-wide association study findings and what can we do about it? Biol Psychiatry 76: 510\u2013512.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09091380","volume":"167","author":"CM Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis CM, Ng MY, Butler AW, Cohen-Woods S, Uher R, Pirlo K et al (2010). Genome-wide association study of major recurrent depression in the U.K. population. Am J Psychiatry 167: 949\u2013957.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N et al (2009). The Sequence Alignment\/Map format and SAMtools. Bioinformatics 25: 2078\u20132079.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000452998","volume":"2","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Chang H, Peng T, Li M, Xiao X (2017). Evidence of AS3MTd2d3-Associated Variants within 10q24.32-33 in the Genetic Risk of Major Affective Disorders. Mol Neuropsychiatry 2: 213\u2013218.","journal-title":"Mol Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4096","volume":"22","author":"M Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li M, Jaffe AE, Straub RE, Tao R, Shin JH, Wang Y et al (2016). A human-specific AS3MT isoform and BORCS7 are molecular risk factors in the 10q24.32 schizophrenia-associated locus. Nat Med 22: 649\u2013656.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.103","volume":"19","author":"XJ Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo XJ, Li M, Huang L, Steinberg S, Mattheisen M, Liang G et al (2014). Convergent lines of evidence support CAMKK2 as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene. Mol Psychiatry 19: 774\u2013783.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.21","volume":"18","author":"S Ripke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium, Ripke S, Wray NR, Lewis CM, Hamilton SP, Weissman MM et al (2013). A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 18: 497\u2013511.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20630","volume":"35","author":"AP Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris AP (2011). Transethnic meta-analysis of genomewide association studies. Genet Epidemiol 35: 809\u2013822.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.131","volume":"15","author":"P Muglia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muglia P, Tozzi F, Galwey NW, Francks C, Upmanyu R, Kong XQ et al (2010). Genome-wide association study of recurrent major depressive disorder in two European case-control cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 15: 589\u2013601.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-4-215","volume":"6","author":"AB Niculescu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niculescu AB (2005). Genomic studies of mood disorders \u2014 the brain as a muscle? Genome Biol 6: 215.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001547","volume":"9","author":"CA Ogden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogden CA, Rich ME, Schork NJ, Paulus MP, Geyer MA, Lohr JB et al (2004). Candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms for bipolar (manic-depressive) and related disorders: an expanded convergent functional genomics approach. Mol Psychiatry 9: 1007\u20131029.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3552","volume":"48","author":"A Okbay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okbay A, Baselmans BM, De Neve JE, Turley P, Nivard MG, Fontana MA et al (2016a). Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses. Nat Genet 48: 624\u2013633.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17671","volume":"533","author":"A Okbay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okbay A, Beauchamp JP, Fontana MA, Lee JJ, Pers TH, Rietveld CA et al (2016b). Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature 533: 539\u2013542.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31815a6ae6","volume":"47","author":"TM Olino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olino TM, Pettit JW, Klein DN, Allen NB, Seeley JR, Lewinsohn PM (2008). Influence of parental and grandparental major depressive disorder on behavior problems in early childhood: a three-generation study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47: 53\u201360.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.197","volume":"21","author":"T Otowa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Otowa T, Hek K, Lee M, Byrne EM, Mirza SS, Nivard MG et al (2016). Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 21: 1391\u20131399.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3578","volume":"74","author":"RE Peterson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peterson RE, Cai N, Bigdeli TB, Li Y, Reimers M, Nikulova A et al (2017). The genetic architecture of major depressive disorder in Han Chinese women. JAMA Psychiatry 74: 162\u2013168.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.943","volume":"43","author":"Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group","year":"2011","unstructured":"Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working Group (2011). Large-scale genome-wide association analysis of bipolar disorder identifies a new susceptibility locus near ODZ4. Nat Genet 43: 977\u2013983.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D et al (2007). PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 81: 559\u2013575.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3801","volume":"17","author":"A Ramasamy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramasamy A, Trabzuni D, Guelfi S, Varghese V, Smith C, Walker R et al (2014). Genetic variability in the regulation of gene expression in ten regions of the human brain. Nat Neurosci 17: 1418\u20131428.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.038","volume":"68","author":"M Rietschel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rietschel M, Mattheisen M, Frank J, Treutlein J, Degenhardt F, Breuer R et al (2010). Genome-wide association-, replication-, and neuroimaging study implicates HOMER1 in the etiology of major depression. Biol Psychiatry 68: 578\u2013585.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235488","volume":"340","author":"CA Rietveld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rietveld CA, Medland SE, Derringer J, Yang J, Esko T, Martin NW et al (2013). GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment. Science 340: 1467\u20131471.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2832","volume":"11","author":"GR Ritchie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ritchie GR, Dunham I, Zeggini E, Flicek P (2014). Functional annotation of noncoding sequence variants. Nat Methods 11: 294\u2013296.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.138","volume":"19","author":"DM Ruderfer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruderfer DM, Fanous AH, Ripke S, McQuillin A, Amdur RL, Schizophrenia Working Group of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium et al (2014). Polygenic dissection of diagnosis and clinical dimensions of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 19: 1017\u20131024.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 511: 421\u2013427.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712000223","volume":"16","author":"A Schuhmacher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schuhmacher A, Lennertz L, Wagner M, Hofels S, Pfeiffer U, Guttenthaler V et al (2013). A variant of the neuronal amino acid transporter SLC6A15 is associated with ACTH and cortisol responses and cognitive performance in unipolar depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16: 83\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.124","volume":"16","author":"J Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi J, Potash JB, Knowles JA, Weissman MM, Coryell W, Scheftner WA et al (2011). Genome-wide association study of recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 16: 193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0713","volume":"68","author":"D Souery","year":"2007","unstructured":"Souery D, Oswald P, Massat I, Bailer U, Bollen J, Demyttenaere K et al (2007). Clinical factors associated with treatment resistance in major depressive disorder: results from a European multicenter study. J Clin Psychiatry 68: 1062\u20131070.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1552","volume":"157","author":"PF Sullivan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS (2000). Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 157: 1552\u20131562.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.034","volume":"62","author":"JV Taylor Tavares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor Tavares JV, Clark L, Cannon DM, Erickson K, Drevets WC, Sahakian BJ (2007). Distinct profiles of neurocognitive function in unmedicated unipolar depression and bipolar II depression. Biol Psychiatry 62: 917\u2013924.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.016","volume":"7","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trapnell C, Roberts A, Goff L, Pertea G, Kim D, Kelley DR et al (2012). Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc 7: 562\u2013578.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023473","volume":"6","author":"JY Tung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tung JY, Do CB, Hinds DA, Kiefer AK, Macpherson JM, Chowdry AB et al (2011). Efficient replication of over 180 genetic associations with self-reported medical data. PLoS ONE 6: e23473.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.609","volume":"42","author":"BF Voight","year":"2010","unstructured":"Voight BF, Scott LJ, Steinthorsdottir V, Morris AP, Dina C, Welch RP et al (2010). Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis. Nat Genet 42: 579\u2013589.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.06.008","volume":"186","author":"JN Vrijsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vrijsen JN, Tendolkar I, Arias-Vasquez A, Franke B, Schene AH, Fernandez G et al (2015). Interaction of the 5-HTTLPR and childhood trauma influences memory bias in healthy individuals. J Affect Disord 186: 83\u201389.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.109","volume":"17","author":"NR Wray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wray NR, Pergadia ML, Blackwood DH, Penninx BW, Gordon SD, Nyholt DR et al (2012). Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned. Mol Psychiatry 17: 36\u201348.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao X, Yu H, Li J, Wang L, Li L, Chang H et al (2017). Further evidence for the association between LRP8 and schizophrenia. Schizophr Res doi:10.1016\/j.schres.2017.05.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.05.002"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.003","volume":"14","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Navarro P, Xia C, Amador C, Fernandez-Pujals AM, Thomson PA et al (2016). Shared genetics and couple-associated environment are major contributors to the risk of both clinical and self-declared depression. EBioMedicine 14: 161\u2013167.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.11.010","volume":"155","author":"C Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wu Z, Hong W, Wang Z, Peng D, Chen J et al (2014). Influence of BCL2 gene in major depression susceptibility and antidepressant treatment outcome. J Affect Disord 155: 288\u2013294.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"BFnpp2017241_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31264","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31264","volume":"6","author":"C Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wu Z, Zhao G, Wang F, Fang Y (2016). Identification of IL6 as a susceptibility gene for major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 6: 31264.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2017241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2017241","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/npp.2017.241","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2017241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T19:58:51Z","timestamp":1684439931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp2017241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnpp2017241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2017.241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-133X","1740-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-133X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2017","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2017","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2017","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}