{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:47:54Z","timestamp":1781970474080,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Clin Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2010.17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T16:24:26Z","timestamp":1268756666000},"page":"220-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Treatment of painful bone metastases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Rades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Abrahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6243","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0931","volume":"12","author":"RE Coleman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coleman, R. E. Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (Suppl.), S6243\u2013S6249 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1546::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"80","author":"GR Mundy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mundy, G. R. Mechanisms of bone metastasis. Cancer 80, 1546\u20131556 (1997).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03267-8","volume":"69","author":"S Mercadente","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mercadente, S. Malignant bone pain: pathophysiology and treatment. Pain 69, 1\u201318 (1997).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.52","volume":"77","author":"RE Coleman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Coleman, R. E. & Rubens, R. The clinical course of bone metastases in breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 77, 336\u2013340 (1987).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR5","first-page":"715","volume":"57","author":"K Fang","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fang, K. & Peng, C. Predicting the probability of bone metastasis through histological grading of prostate carcinoma: a retrospective correlative analysis of 81 autopsy cases with ante-mortem transurethral resection specimens. J. Urol. 57, 715\u2013720 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"AM Parfitt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parfitt, A. M. Bone remodeling, normal and abnormal: a biological basis for the understanding of cancer-related bone disease and its treatment. Can. J. Oncol. 5 (Suppl. 1), 1\u201310 (1995).","journal-title":"Can. J. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR7","first-page":"1353","volume":"45","author":"LG Raisz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raisz, L. G. Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling. Clin. Chem. 45, 1353\u20131358 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000093839.72468.da","volume":"415","author":"PF Choong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Choong, P. F. The molecular basis of skeletal metastases. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 415 (Suppl.), S19\u2013S30 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR9","volume-title":"A Physician's Guide to Pain and Symptom Management in Cancer Patients","author":"JL Abrahm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abrahm, J. L. A Physician's Guide to Pain and Symptom Management in Cancer Patients, 2nd edn (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2005)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR10","unstructured":"Miaskowski, C.  et al. Guideline for the Management of Cancer Pain in Adults and Children, APS Clinical Practice Guidelines Series, No.3. Glenview, Ill.; American Pain Society (2005)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR11","unstructured":"[No authors listed] Tramadol: A new oral analgesic. Med. Lett. 37, 59\u201362 (1995)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR12","first-page":"CD003223","volume":"3","author":"MJ Martinez-Zapata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez-Zapata, M. J., Roque, M., Alonso-Coello, P. & Catala, E. Calcitonin for metastatic bone pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3, CD003223 (2006).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(98)00081-5","volume":"16","author":"SK Joishy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Joishy, S. K. & Walsh, D. The opioid-sparing effects of intravenous ketorolac as an adjuvant analgesic in cancer pain: application in bone metastases and the opioid bowel syndrome. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 16, 334\u2013339 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR14","first-page":"S45","volume":"10","author":"CR Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown, C. R.  et al. Comparison of repeat doses of intramuscular ketorolac tromethamine and morphine sulfate for analgesia after major surgery. Pharmacotherapy 10, S45\u2013S50 (1990).","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00003","volume":"126","author":"HI Feldman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Feldman, H. I.  et al. Parenteral ketorolac: The risk for acute renal failure. Ann. Intern. Med. 126, 193\u2013199 (1997).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR16","volume-title":"Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine","author":"HJ McQuay","year":"2005","unstructured":"McQuay, H. J. & Moore, A. in Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine (eds Doyle, D., Hanks, G., Cherny, N. & Calman, K.) 348 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(05)70057-4","volume":"16","author":"JL Abrahm","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abrahm, J. L. Advances in pain management for older adult patients. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 16, 269\u2013311 (2000).","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021907","volume":"347","author":"FK Chan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chan, F. K.  et al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 2104\u20132110 (2002).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803123381104","volume":"338","author":"ND Yeomans","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yeomans, N. D.  et al. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 719\u2013726 (1998).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR20","unstructured":"Congregation for Doctrine of the Faith: Declaration on euthanasia. Washington, DC, United States Catholic Conference, 6 (1980)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR21","volume-title":"Catechism of the Catholic Church, Euthanasia","author":"Paul John II.","year":"1994","unstructured":"John Paul II. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Euthanasia (Eds Imprimi Potest + Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, Interdicasterial Commission for the Catechism of the Catholic Church. 549 (St Paul Books and Media, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Rome, 1994)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(92)90135-5","volume":"7","author":"K O'Rourke","year":"1992","unstructured":"O'Rourke, K. Pain relief: the perspective of Catholic tradition. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 7, 485\u2013491 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manage."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2008.00232.x","volume":"9","author":"B Nicholson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nicholson, B. Benefits of extended-release opioid analgesic formulations in the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Pract. 9, 71\u201381 (2009).","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951508000254","volume":"6","author":"L Schaiova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schaiova, L.  et al. Consensus guideline on parenteral methadone use in pain and palliative care. Palliative and Supportive Care 6, 165\u2013176 (2008).","journal-title":"Palliative and Supportive Care"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR25","first-page":"36","volume":"2","author":"CA Warfield","year":"1993","unstructured":"Warfield, C. A. Guidelines for routine use of controlled-release oral morphine sulfate tablets. Semin. Oncol. 2 (Suppl. 1), 36\u201347 (1993).","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970401)79:7<1428::AID-CNCR21>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"79","author":"NA Hagen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hagen, N. A. & Babul, N. Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled-release oxycodone formulation and controlled-release hydromorphone in the treatment of cancer pain. Cancer 79, 1428\u20131437 (1997).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1053\/sonc.2002.31534","volume":"129","author":"RS Finley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Finley, R. S. Bisphosphonates in the treatment of bone metastases. Semin. Oncol. 129(Suppl. 4), 132\u2013138 (2002).","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1994.344","volume":"70","author":"OP Purohit","year":"1994","unstructured":"Purohit, O. P., Anthony, C., Radstone, C. R., Owen, J. & Coleman, R. E. High-dose intravenous pamidronate for metastatic bone pain. Br. J. Cancer 70, 554\u2013558 (1994).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.06.037","volume":"20","author":"JR Berenson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berenson, J. R.  et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Bisphosphonates Expert Panel. American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines: the role of bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma. J. Clin. Oncol. 20, 3719\u20133736 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR30","first-page":"429","volume":"21","author":"K Pistevou-Gombaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pistevou-Gombaki, K., Eleftheriadis, N., Sofroniadis, I., Makris, P. & Kouloulias, V. Palliative treatment of painful bone metastases from non-Hodgkin lympoma with disodium pamidronate. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 429\u2013432 (2002).","journal-title":"Res."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.6.12.1333","volume":"6","author":"D Santini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santini, D., Fratto, M. E., Vincenzi, B., Galluzzo, S. & Tonini, G. Zoledronic acid in the management of metastatic bone disease. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 6, 1333\u20131348 (2006).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.19.1458","volume":"94","author":"F Saad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saad, F.  et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 94, 1458\u20131468 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.105","volume":"21","author":"LS Rosen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosen, L. S.  et al. Zoledronic acid versus placebo in the treatment of skeletal metastases in patients with lung cancer and other solid tumors: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial\u2014The Zoledronic Acid Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 3150\u20133157 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11892","volume":"100","author":"LS Rosen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosen, L. S.  et al. Zoledronic acid is superior to pamidronate for the treatment of bone metastases in breast carcinoma patients with at least one osteolytic lesion. Cancer 100, 36\u201343 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.004","volume":"62","author":"SL Ruggiero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruggiero, S. L., Mehrotra, B., Rosenberg, T. J. & Engroff, S. L. Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: A review of 63 cases. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 62, 527\u2013534 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Body, J. J.  et al. Effects of denosumab in patients with bone metastases, with and without previous bisphosphonate exposure. J. Bone Miner. Res. doi:10.1359\/jbmr.090810.","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090810"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-09-047712","volume":"109","author":"S Yaccoby","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yaccoby, S. Antibody-based inhibition of DKK1 suppresses tumor-induced bone resorption and multiple myeloma growth in vivo. Blood 109, 2106\u20132111 (2007).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0900429","volume":"361","author":"R Buchbinder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buchbinder, R.  et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 557\u2013568 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000216416.97190.20","volume":"99","author":"EM Lewiecki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewiecki, E. M. Augmentation procedures for osteoporotic vertebral fractures\u2014an ongoing experiment or emerging standard of care? South. Med. J. 99, 449\u2013450 (2006).","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-684X-8-12","volume":"8","author":"C Bouza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bouza, C., Lopez-Cuadrado, T., Cediel, P., Saz-Parkinson, Z. & Amate, J. M. Balloon kyphoplasty in malignant spinal fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Palliative Care 8, 12\u201319 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Palliative Care"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-009-0418-2","volume":"114","author":"S Masala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masala, S.  et al. Future directions in percutaneous vertebroplasty. Radiol. Med. 114, 976\u2013983 (2009).","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR42","first-page":"10","volume":"3","author":"EB Silberstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Silberstein, E. B. The treatment of painful osseous metastases with phosphorus-32-labeled phosphates. Semin. Oncol. 3 (Suppl. 2), 10\u201321 (1993).","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR43","first-page":"44","volume":"20","author":"RG Robinson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robinson, R. G., Preston, D. F., Baxter, K. G., Dusing, R. W. & Spicer, J. A. Clinical experience with strontium-89 in prostatic and breast cancer patients. Semin. Oncol. 20 (Suppl. 2), 44\u201348 (1993).","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.4.1574","volume":"16","author":"AN Serafini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Serafini, A. N.  et al. Palliation of pain associated with metastatic bone cancer using samarium-153 lexidronam: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 1574\u20131581 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3747\/co.2008.200","volume":"15","author":"F Amouzegar-Hashemi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amouzegar-Hashemi, F., Behrouzi, H., Kazemian, A., Zarpak, B. & Haddad, P. Single versus multiple fractions of palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases: a randomized clinical trial in Iranian patients. Curr. Oncol. 15, 36\u201339 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bone Pain Trial Working Party. 8 Gy single fraction radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic skeletal pain: randomised comparison with a multifraction schedule over 12 months of patient follow-up. Radiother. Oncol. 52, 111\u2013121 (1999).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00097-3"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2008.05.018","volume":"89","author":"P Foro Arnalot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foro Arnalot, P.  et al. Randomized clinical trial with two palliative radiotherapy regimens in painful bone metastases: 30 Gy in 10 fractions compared with 8 Gy in single fraction. Radiother. Oncol. 89, 150\u2013155 (2008).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(97)00101-1","volume":"45","author":"MN Gaze","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaze, M. N.  et al. Pain relief and quality of life following radiotherapy for bone metastases: a randomised trial of two fractionation schedules. Radiother. Oncol. 45, 109\u2013116 (1997).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji139","volume":"97","author":"WF Hartsell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hartsell, W. F.  et al. Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 97, 798\u2013804 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(92)90338-U","volume":"23","author":"PJ Hoskin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hoskin, P. J.  et al. A prospective randomised trial of 4 Gy or 8 Gy single doses in the treatment of metastatic bone pain. Radiother. Oncol. 23, 74\u201378 (1992).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00174-6","volume":"42","author":"B Jeremic","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jeremic, B.  et al. A randomized trial of three single-dose radiation therapy regimens in the treatment of metastatic bone pain. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 42, 161\u2013167 (1998).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s000660050061","volume":"175","author":"S Koswig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koswig, S. & Budach, V. Remineralization and pain relief in bone metastases after different radiotherapy fractions (10 times 3 Gy vs 1 time 8 Gy). A prospective study. Strahlenther. Onkol. 175, 500\u2013508 (1999).","journal-title":"Strahlenther. Onkol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(98)00011-5","volume":"47","author":"OS Nielsen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nielsen, O. S., Bentzen, S. M., Sandberg, E., Gadeberg, C. C. & Timothy, A. R. Randomized trial of single dose versus fractionated palliative radiotherapy of bone metastases. Radiother. Oncol. 47, 233\u2013240 (1998).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00388-4","volume":"36","author":"M Niewald","year":"1996","unstructured":"Niewald, M.  et al. Rapid course radiation therapy vs. more standard treatment: a randomized trial for bone metastases. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 36, 1085\u20131089 (1996).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(88)90031-X","volume":"13","author":"T Okawa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Okawa, T., Kita, M., Goto, M., Nishijima, H. & Miyaji, N. Randomized prospective clinical study of small, large and twice-a-day fraction radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. Radiother. Oncol. 13, 99\u2013104 (1988).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8140(95)01520-Q","volume":"34","author":"B Rasmusson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rasmusson, B.  et al. Irradiation of bone metastases in breast cancer patients: a randomized study with 1 year follow-up. Radiother. Oncol. 34, 179\u2013184 (1995).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.09.017","volume":"75","author":"DE Roos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roos, D. E.  et al. Randomized trial of 8 Gy in 1 versus 20 Gy in 5 fractions of radiotherapy for neuropathic pain due to bone metastases (Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group, TROG 96.05). Radiother. Oncol. 75, 54\u201363 (2005).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00110-3","volume":"52","author":"E Steenland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Steenland, E.  et al. The effect of a single fraction compared to multiple fractions on painful bone metastases: a global analysis of the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study. Radiother. Oncol. 52, 101\u2013109 (1999).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820901)50:5<893::AID-CNCR2820500515>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"50","author":"D Tong","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tong, D., Gillick, L. & Hendrickson, F. R. The palliation of symptomatic osseous metastases. Final results of the study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Cancer 50, 893\u2013899 (1982).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(02)00170-6","volume":"64","author":"E Chow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chow, E.  et al. International consensus on palliative radiotherapy endpoints for future clinical trials in bone metastases. Radiother. Oncol. 64, 275\u2013280 (2002).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)04147-0","volume":"55","author":"JS Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu, J. S.  et al. Meta-analysis of dose-fractionation radiotherapy trials for the palliation of painful bone metastases. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 55, 594\u2013605 (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0936-6555(03)00113-4","volume":"15","author":"WM Sze","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sze, W. M., Shelley, M. D., Held, I., Wilt, T. J. & Mason, M. D. Palliation of metastatic bone pain: single fraction versus multifraction radiotherapy--a systematic review of randomised trials. Clin. Oncol. (R. Coll. Radiol.) 15, 345\u2013352 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol. (R. Coll. Radiol.)"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.5281","volume":"25","author":"E Chow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chow, E., Harris, K., Fan, G., Tsao, M. N. & Sze, W. M. Palliative radiotherapy trials for bone metastases: a systematic review. J. Clin. Oncol. 25, 1423\u20131436 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00108-5","volume":"52","author":"B Jeremic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jeremic, B., Shibamoto, Y. & Igrutinovic, I. Single 4 Gy re-irradiation for painful bone metastases following single fraction radiotherapy. Radiother. Oncol. 52, 123\u2013127 (1999).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90396-4","volume":"29","author":"N Mithal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mithal, N., Needham, P. & Hoskin, P. Retreatment with radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 29, 1011\u20131014 (1994).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11296","volume":"97","author":"S Ryu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ryu, S.  et al. Image-guided and intensity-modulated radiosurgery for patients with spinal metastasis. Cancer 97, 2013\u20132018 (2003).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03864-6","volume":"55","author":"S Milker-Zabel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Milker-Zabel, S.  et al. Clinical results of retreatment of vertebral bone metastases by stereotactic conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 55, 162\u2013167 (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251863.76595.a2","volume":"32","author":"PC Gerszten","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerszten, P. C., Burton, S. A., Ozhasoglu, C. & Welch, W. C. Radiosurgery for spinal metastases: clinical experience in 500 cases from a single institution. Spine 32, 193\u2013199 (2007).","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2006.02.007","volume":"78","author":"Y Van der Linden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van der Linden, Y.  et al. Patients with favourable prognosis are equally palliated with single and multiple fraction radiotherapy: results on survival in the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study. Radiother. Oncol. 78, 245\u2013253 (2006).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR70","volume-title":"The Linear-Quadratic Approach to Fractionation and Calculation of Isoeffect Relationships","author":"MC Joiner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Joiner, M. C. & Van der Kogel, A. J. in The Linear-Quadratic Approach to Fractionation and Calculation of Isoeffect Relationships (ed. Steel, G. G.) 106 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1997)."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2009.07.011","volume":"21","author":"V Vassiliou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vassiliou, V.  et al. Combining systemic bisphosphonates with palliative external beam radiotherapy or bone-targeted radionuclide therapy: interactions and effectiveness. Clin. Oncol. 21, 665\u2013667 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR72","first-page":"180","volume":"27","author":"JG Liang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liang, J. G.  et al. Clinical value of combined therapy with 188Re-HEDP and pamidronate in breast cancer with bone metastasis [Chinese]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 27, 180\u2013182 (2005).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.12.016","volume":"75","author":"E Chow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chow, E., Ling, A., Davis, L., Panzarella, T. & Danjoux, C. Pain flare following external beam radiotherapy and meaningful change in pain scores in the treatment of bone metastases. Radiother. Oncol. 75, 64\u201369 (2005).","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-007-0217-z","volume":"15","author":"E Chow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chow, E.  et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced pain flare after palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases\u2014a pilot study. Support. Care Cancer 15, 643\u2013647 (2007).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-006-0166-y","volume":"15","author":"DA Loblaw","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loblaw, D. A.  et al. Pain flare in patients with bone metastases after palliative radiotherapy \u2013 a nested randomized control trial. Support. Care Cancer 15, 451\u2013455 (2007).","journal-title":"Care Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15185","volume":"87","author":"H Katagiri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katagiri, H.  et al. Prognostic factors and a scoring system for patients with skeletal metastasis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 87, 698\u2013703 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20756","volume":"103","author":"YM Van der Linden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van der Linden, Y. M.  et al. Prediction of survival in patients with metastases in the spinal column. Results based on a randomized trial of radiotherapy. Cancer 103, 320\u2013328 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.754","volume":"23","author":"D Rades","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rades, D.  et al. Evaluation of five radiation schedules and prognostic factors for metastatic spinal cord compression. J. Clin. Oncol. 23, 3366\u20133375 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.0542","volume":"24","author":"D Rades","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rades, D.  et al. Prognostic factors for local control and survival after radiotherapy of metastatic spinal cord compression. J. Clin. Oncol. 24, 3388\u20133393 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.04.044","volume":"73","author":"D Rades","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rades, D.  et al. Preliminary results of the SCORE (Spinal Cord Compression Recurrence Evaluation) study comparing short-course versus long-course radiotherapy for local control of malignant epidural spinal cord compression. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 73, 228\u2013234 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23150","volume":"112","author":"D Rades","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rades, D., Dunst, J. & Schild, S. E. The first score predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer 112, 157\u2013161 (2007).","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrclinonc201017_CR82","unstructured":"Rades, D.  et al. Validation and simplification of a score predicting survival in patients irradiated for metastatic spinal cord compression. Cancer (in press)."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrclinonc.2010.17.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrclinonc.2010.17","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrclinonc.2010.17.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:04:55Z","timestamp":1684469095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrclinonc.2010.17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrclinonc201017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrclinonc.2010.17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4774","1759-4782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4774","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4782","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]}}}