{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:11:42Z","timestamp":1776190302274,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T10:40:16Z","timestamp":1328006416000},"page":"246-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Effects of obesity on human sexual development"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Isabel V.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland W.","family":"Pf\u00e4ffle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hiemisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sergeyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"K\u00f6rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wieland","family":"Kiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.169.3943.397","volume":"169","author":"RE Frisch","year":"1970","unstructured":"Frisch, R. E. & Revelle, R. Height and weight at menarche and a hypothesis of critical body weights and adolescent events. Science 169, 397\u2013399 (1970).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1126\/science.174.4014.1148","volume":"174","author":"FE Johnston","year":"1971","unstructured":"Johnston, F. E. et al. Height, weight and age at menarche and the \u201ccritical weight\u201d hypothesis. Science 174, 1148\u20131149 (1971).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR3","first-page":"2395","volume":"39","author":"RE Frisch","year":"1980","unstructured":"Frisch, R. E. Pubertal adipose tissue: is it necessary for normal sexual maturation? Evidence from the rat and human female. Fed. Proc. 39, 2395\u20132400 (1980).","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0019","volume":"24","author":"AS Parent","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parent, A. S. et al. The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endocr. Rev. 24, 668\u2013693 (2003).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.3.287","volume":"7","author":"SM de Muinck Keizer","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Muinck Keizer, S. M. & Mul, D. Trends in pubertal development in Europe. Hum. Reprod. Update 7, 287\u2013291 (2001).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200110000-00010","volume":"50","author":"D Mul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mul, D. et al. Pubertal development in The Netherlands 1965\u20131997. Pediatr. Res. 50, 479\u2013486 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.02.033","volume":"324","author":"JP Bourguignon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bourguignon, J. P. et al. Neuroendocrine disruption of pubertal timing and interactions between homeostasis of reproduction and energy balance. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 324, 110\u2013120 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.4.505","volume":"99","author":"ME Herman-Giddens","year":"1997","unstructured":"Herman-Giddens, M. E. et al. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics 99, 505\u2013512 (1997).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.9.1022","volume":"155","author":"ME Herman-Giddens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Herman-Giddens, M. E., Wang, L. & Koch, G. Secondary sexual characteristics in boys: estimates from the national health and nutrition examination survey III, 1988\u20131994. Arch. Pediatr. Adoles. Med. 155, 1022\u20131028 (2001).","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adoles. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.e43","volume":"110","author":"DS Freedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Freedman, D. S. et al. Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 110, e43 (2002).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e65","volume":"108","author":"A Papadimitriou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, A. Sex differences in the secular changes in pubertal maturation. Pediatrics 108, e65 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510001790","volume":"104","author":"MS Boyne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boyne, M. S. et al. Developmental origins of cardiovascular risk in Jamaican children: the Vulnerable Windows Cohort study. Br. J. Nutr. 104, 1026\u20131033 (2010).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0080","volume":"95","author":"MS Boyne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boyne, M. S. et al. Growth, body composition, and the onset of puberty: longitudinal observations in Afro-Caribbean children. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 3194\u20133200 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"A Prader","year":"1989","unstructured":"Prader, A., Largo, R. H., Molinari, L. & Issler, C. Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age. First Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development. Helv. Paediatr. Acta Suppl. 52, 1\u2013125 (1989).","journal-title":"Helv. Paediatr. Acta Suppl."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","volume":"45","author":"WA Marshall","year":"1970","unstructured":"Marshall, W. A. & Tanner, J. M. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch. Dis. Child. 45, 13\u201323 (1970).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","volume":"44","author":"WA Marshall","year":"1969","unstructured":"Marshall, W. A. & Tanner, J. M. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch. Dis. Child. 44, 291\u2013303 (1969).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR17","first-page":"95","volume":"63","author":"DD Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin, D. D., Hauspie, R. C. & Ranke, M. B. Total pubertal growth and markers of puberty onset in adolescents with GHD: comparison between mathematical growth analysis and pubertal staging methods. Horm. Res. 63, 95\u2013101 (2005).","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR18","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Sexual Precocity: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management","author":"J Karlberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Karlberg, J. & Boepple, P. A. in Sexual Precocity: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management Ch. 9 (eds Grave, G. D. & Cutler, G. B.) 85\u201395 (Raven Press Ltd, New York, 1993)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803156","volume":"30","author":"J Sandhu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sandhu, J., Ben Shlomo, Y., Cole, T. J., Holly, J. & Davey, S. G. The impact of childhood body mass index on timing of puberty, adult stature and obesity: a follow-up study based on adolescent anthropometry recorded at Christ's Hospital (1936\u20131964). Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 30, 14\u201322 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1127\/anthranz\/63\/2005\/63","volume":"63","author":"H Greil","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greil, H. & Kahl, H. Assessment of developmental age: cross-sectional analysis of secondary sexual characteristics. Anthropol. Anz. 63, 63\u201375 (2005).","journal-title":"Anthropol. Anz."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460903049074","volume":"36","author":"M Roelants","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roelants, M., Hauspie, R. & Hoppenbrouers, K. References for growth and pubertal development from birth to 21 years in Flanders, Belgium. Ann. Hum. Biol. 36, 680\u2013694 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR22","first-page":"717","volume":"13","author":"W Kiess","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kiess, W. et al. Body fat mass, leptin and puberty. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 13 (Suppl. 1), 717\u2013722 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR23","first-page":"55","volume":"51","author":"W Kiess","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kiess, W. et al. A role for leptin in sexual maturation and puberty? Horm. Res. 51 (Suppl. 3), 55\u201363 (1999).","journal-title":"Horm. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60171-7","volume":"375","author":"JC Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han, J. C., Lawlor, D. A. & Kimm, S. Y. Childhood obesity. Lancet 375, 1737\u20131748 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60366-3","volume":"369","author":"GC Patton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patton, G. C. & Viner, R. Pubertal transitions in health. Lancet 369, 1130\u20131139 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0119","volume":"140","author":"CM Burt Solorzano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burt Solorzano, C. M. & McCartney, C. R. Obesity and the pubertal transition in girls and boys. Reproduction 140, 399\u2013410 (2010).","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2489","volume":"94","author":"KK Ong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ong, K. K. et al. Infancy weight gain predicts childhood body fat and age at menarche in girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1527\u20131532 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.02.004","volume":"20","author":"ML Ahmed","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahmed, M. L., Ong, K. K. & Dunger, D. B. Childhood obesity and the timing of puberty. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 20, 237\u2013242 (2009).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Himes, J. H. Examining the evidence for recent secular changes in the timing of puberty in US children in light of increases in the prevalence of obesity. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 254\u2013255, 13\u201321 (2006).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.013"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.03.036","volume":"155","author":"JP Himes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Himes, J. P., Park, K. & Styne, D. Menarche and assessment of body mass index in adolescent girls. J. Pediatr. 155, 393\u2013397 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0038","volume":"26","author":"JD Veldhuis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Veldhuis, J. D. et al. Endocrine control of body fat composition in infancy, childhood, and puberty. Endocr. Rev. 26, 114\u2013146 (2005).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987117","volume-title":"Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology","author":"C Brook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brook, C., Clayton, P. & Brown, R. Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 5th edn (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2005)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.3.927","volume":"83","author":"JN Roemmich","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roemmich, J. N., Clark, P. A., Weltman, A. & Rogol, A. D. Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models. J. Appl. Physiol. 83, 927\u2013935 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR34","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity","author":"RM Malina","year":"1991","unstructured":"Malina, R. M. & Bouchard, C. Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity 87\u2013100 (Human Kinetics Books, Champaign, 1991)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa066082","volume":"357","author":"NA Christakis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christakis, N. A. & Fowler, J. H. The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. N. Engl. J. Med. 357, 370\u2013379 (2007).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2344","volume":"95","author":"J Tommiska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tommiska, J. et al. LIN28B in constitutional delay of growth and puberty. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 3063\u20133066 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803428","volume":"31","author":"A K\u00f6rner","year":"2007","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, A. et al. Sex-specific effect of the Val1483Ile polymorphism in the fatty acid synthase gene (FAS) on body mass index and lipid profile in Caucasian children. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 31, 353\u2013358 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.382","volume":"41","author":"KK Ong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ong, K. K. et al. Genetic variation in LIN28B is associated with the timing of puberty. Nat. Genet. 41, 729\u2013733 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.906081","volume":"121","author":"A Fraser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fraser, A. et al. Association of maternal weight gain in pregnancy with offspring obesity and metabolic and vascular traits in childhood. Circulation 121, 2557\u20132564 (2010).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200003000-00006","volume":"47","author":"AM Fredriks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fredriks, A. M. et al. Continuing positive secular growth change in The Netherlands 1955\u20131997. Pediatr. Res. 47, 316\u2013323 (2000).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31819a4e9d","volume":"49","author":"W Kiess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiess, W., Bl\u00fcher, S., Kapellen, T. & K\u00f6rner, A. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: prevalence, public health issue, and time for initiative. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 49, 268\u2013271 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2006.00268.x","volume":"8","author":"M Sharma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sharma, M. International school-based interventions for preventing obesity in children. Obes. Rev. 8, 155\u2013167 (2007).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000262638.48304.ef","volume":"61","author":"A K\u00f6rner","year":"2007","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, A. et al. New predictors of the metabolic syndrome in children\u2013role of adipocytokines. Pediatr. Res. 61, 640\u2013645 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR44","first-page":"12","volume":"36","author":"A K\u00f6rner","year":"2008","unstructured":"K\u00f6rner, A., Kiess, W., Stumvoll, M. & Kovacs, P. Polygenic contribution to obesity: genome-wide strategies reveal new targets. Front. Horm. Res. 36, 12\u201336 (2008).","journal-title":"Front. Horm. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510199","volume":"151","author":"S Wiegand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiegand, S. et al. Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in European children and adolescents with obesity\u2014a problem that is no longer restricted to minority groups. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 151, 199\u2013206 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012578","volume":"346","author":"R Sinha","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sinha, R. et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 346, 802\u2013810 (2002).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802462","volume":"27","author":"A Reich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reich, A. et al. Obesity and blood pressure\u2013results from the examination of 2,365 schoolchildren in Germany. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27, 1459\u20131464 (2003).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00017.x","volume":"2","author":"W Kiess","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kiess, W. et al. Clinical aspects of obesity in childhood and adolescence. Obes. Rev. 2, 29\u201336 (2001).","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283207937","volume":"16","author":"SA DiVall","year":"2009","unstructured":"DiVall, S. A. & Radovick, S. Endocrinology of female puberty. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 16, 1\u20134 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2001.0176","volume":"16","author":"HA Delemarre-van de Waal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Delemarre-van de Waal, H. A. Regulation of puberty. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 16, 1\u201312 (2002).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-141604090-3.50019-3","volume-title":"Pediatric Endocrinology","author":"RL Rosenfield","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosenfield, R. L., Cooke, D. W. & Radovick, S. in Pediatric Endocrinology 3rd edn Ch. 14 (ed. Sperling, M. A.) 530\u2013609 (Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2008)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR52","unstructured":"Ogden, C. & Carroll, M. Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents: United States, trends 1963\u20131965 through 2007\u20132008. National Center for Health Statistics. Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 17, 1\u20135 (2010)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.020602","volume":"21","author":"JM Kindblom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kindblom, J. M. et al. Pubertal timing predicts previous fractures and BMD in young adult men: the GOOD study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 21, 790\u2013795 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0192","volume":"55","author":"JM Kindblom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kindblom, J. M. et al. Pubertal timing is an independent predictor of central adiposity in young adult males: the Gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants study. Diabetes 55, 3047\u20133052 (2006).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2008.21.9.865","volume":"21","author":"S Heger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heger, S. et al. Impact of weight status on the onset and parameters of puberty: analysis of three representative cohorts from central Europe. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 865\u2013877 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.02.008","volume":"57","author":"C Meigen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meigen, C. et al. Secular trends in body mass index in German children and adolescents: a cross-sectional data analysis via CrescNet between 1999 and 2006. Metabolism 57, 934\u2013949 (2008).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem.2011.089","volume":"24","author":"M Kleber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kleber, M., Schwarz, A. & Reinehr, T. Obesity in children and adolescents: relationship to growth, pubarche, menarche, and voice break. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 24, 125\u2013130 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1478","volume":"95","author":"K S\u00f8rensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen, K., Aksglaede, L., Petersen, J. H. & Juul, A. Recent changes in pubertal timing in healthy Danish boys: associations with body mass index. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 263\u2013270 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.248","volume":"74","author":"M de Onis","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Onis, M., Dasgupta, P., Saha, S., Sengupta, D. & Bl\u00f6ssner, M. The National Center for Health Statistics reference and the growth of Indian adolescent boys. Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 74, 248\u2013253 (2001).","journal-title":"Amer. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.383","volume":"41","author":"P Sulem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sulem, P. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies sequence variants on 6q21 associated with age at menarche. Nat. Genet. 41, 734\u2013738 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200102000-00019","volume":"49","author":"Q He","year":"2001","unstructured":"He, Q. & Karlberg, J. BMI in childhood and its association with height gain, timing of puberty, and final height. Pediatr. Res. 49, 244\u2013251 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00751.x","volume":"30","author":"A Juul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juul, A., Magnusdottir, S., Scheike, T., Prytz, S. & Skakkebaek, N. E. Age at voice break in Danish boys: effects of pre-pubertal body mass index and secular trend. Int. J. Androl. 30, 537\u2013542 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70144-1","volume":"133","author":"P Kaplowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaplowitz, P. Delayed puberty in obese boys: comparison with constitutional delayed puberty and response to testosterone therapy. J. Pediatr. 133, 745\u2013749 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813F","volume":"121","author":"PB Kaplowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaplowitz, P. B. Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics 121 (Suppl. 3), S208\u2013S217 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.8.971","volume":"19","author":"BM Nathan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nathan, B. M., Sedlmeyer, I. L. & Palmert, M. R. Impact of body mass index on growth in boys with delayed puberty. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 19, 971\u2013977 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.903","volume":"110","author":"Y Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang, Y. Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? A comparison of the association in American boys versus girls. Pediatrics 110, 903\u2013910 (2002).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.347","volume":"108","author":"PB Kaplowitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaplowitz, P. B., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Pedlow, S. E. & Herman-Giddens, M. E. Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and race. Pediatrics 108, 347\u2013353 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR68","first-page":"419","volume":"31","author":"S Kirchengast","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirchengast, S. & Bauer, M. Menarcheal onset is associated with body composition parameters but not with socioeconomic status. Coll. Antropol. 31, 419\u2013425 (2007).","journal-title":"Coll. Antropol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.06.023","volume":"46","author":"FM Biro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biro, F. M., Huang, B., Morrison, J. A., Horn, P. S. & Daniels, S. R. Body mass index and waist-to-height changes during teen years in girls are influenced by childhood body mass index. J. Adolesc. Health 46, 245\u2013250 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00602.x","volume":"29","author":"FM Biro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Biro, F. M., Khoury, P. & Morrison, J. A. Influence of obesity on timing of puberty. Int. J. Androl. 29, 272\u2013277 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8450","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008450","volume":"4","author":"L Aksglaede","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aksglaede, L., Juul, A., Olsen, L. W. & S\u00f8rensen, T. I. Age at puberty and the emerging obesity epidemic. PLoS ONE 4, e8450 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e932","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2491","volume":"123","author":"L Aksglaede","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aksglaede, L., S\u00f8rensen, K., Petersen, J. H., Skakkebaek, N. E. & Juul, A. Recent decline in age at breast development: the Copenhagen Puberty Study. Pediatrics 123, e932\u2013e939 (2009).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.08.052","volume":"95","author":"L Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, L., Lopez-Bermejo, A., Diaz, M., Marcos, M. V. & de Zegher, F. Early metformin therapy to delay menarche and augment height in girls with precocious pubarche. Fertil. Steril. 95, 727\u2013730 (2011).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181b093ce","volume":"20","author":"SA Keim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keim, S. A., Branum, A. M., Klebanoff, M. A. & Zemel, B. S. Maternal body mass index and daughters' age at menarche. Epidemiology 20, 677\u2013681 (2009).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872007001100009","volume":"135","author":"MI Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, M. I., Unanue, N., Gaete, X., Cassorla, F. & Codner, E. Age of menarche and its relationship with body mass index and socioeconomic status [Spanish]. Rev. Med. Chil. 135, 1429\u20131436 (2007).","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chil."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181b4b921","volume":"58","author":"PJ Salsberry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salsberry, P. J., Reagan, P. B. & Pajer, K. Growth differences by age of menarche in African American and White girls. Nurs. Res. 58, 382\u2013390 (2009).","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.12.017","volume":"324","author":"GA Martos-Moreno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martos-Moreno, G. A., Chowen, J. A. & Argente, J. Metabolic signals in human puberty: effects of over and undernutrition. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 324, 70\u201381 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2583","volume":"95","author":"T Remer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Remer, T. et al. Prepubertal adrenarchal androgens and animal protein intake independently and differentially influence pubertal timing. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 3002\u20133009 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2002","volume":"92","author":"CR McCartney","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCartney, C. R. et al. Obesity and sex steroid changes across puberty: evidence for marked hyperandrogenemia in pre- and early pubertal obese girls. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92, 430\u2013436 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.003","volume":"254","author":"DB Dunger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunger, D. B., Ahmed, M. L. & Ong, K. K. Early and late weight gain and the timing of puberty. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 254\u2013255, 140\u2013145 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.11.006","volume":"17","author":"PD Gluckman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gluckman, P. D. & Hanson, M. A. Evolution, development and timing of puberty. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17, 7\u201312 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0895","volume":"95","author":"A Papadimitriou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, A., Nicolaidou, P., Fretzayas, A. & Chrousos, G. P. Clinical review: constitutional advancement of growth, a.k.a. early growth acceleration, predicts early puberty and childhood obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 4535\u20134541 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.4.558","volume":"9","author":"RA Hoekstra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoekstra, R. A., Bartels, M. & Boomsma, D. I. Heritability of testosterone levels in 12-year-old twins and its relation to pubertal development. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 9, 558\u2013565 (2006).","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0882","volume":"93","author":"K Wehkalampi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wehkalampi, K., Wid\u00e9n, E., Laine, T., Palotie, A. & Dunkel, L. Association of the timing of puberty with a chromosome 2 locus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 4833\u20134839 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.386","volume":"41","author":"JR Perry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Perry, J. R. et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies two loci influencing age at menarche. Nat. Genet. 41, 648\u2013650 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1415","volume":"152","author":"JM Castellano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castellano, J. M. et al. Early metabolic programming of puberty onset: impact of changes in postnatal feeding and rearing conditions on the timing of puberty and development of the hypothalamic kisspeptin system. Endocrinology 152, 3396\u20133408 (2011).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01903.x","volume":"59","author":"AJ Whatmore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Whatmore, A. J., Hall, C. M., Jones, J., Westwood, M. & Clayton, P. E. Ghrelin concentrations in healthy children and adolescents. Clin. Endocrinol. 59, 649\u2013654 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349208","volume":"29","author":"T Pomerants","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pomerants, T., Tillmann, V., J\u00fcrim\u00e4e, J. & J\u00fcrim\u00e4e, T. Relationship between ghrelin and anthropometrical, body composition parameters and testosterone levels in boys at different stages of puberty. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 29, 962\u2013967 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09678-2","volume":"360","author":"CB Ebbeling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ebbeling, C. B., Pawlak, D. B. & Ludwig, D. S. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 360, 473\u2013482 (2002).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.v3i1.01","volume":"3","author":"S O\u02ddzen","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u02ddzen, S. & Darcon, S\u00b8. Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors on pubertal development. J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol. 3, 1\u20136 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0019","volume":"24","author":"AS Parent","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parent, A. S. et al. The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration. Endocr. Rev. 24, 668\u2013693 (2003).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0002","volume":"30","author":"E Diamanti-Kandarakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr. Rev. 30, 293\u2013342 (2009).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.e72","volume":"106","author":"L Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, L., Ferrer, A., Marcos, M. V., Hierro, F. R. & de Zegher, F. Early puberty: rapid progression and reduced final height in girls with low birth weight. Pediatrics 106, e72 (2000).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e59","volume":"107","author":"LS Adair","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adair, L. S. Size at birth predicts age at menarche. Pediatrics 107, e59 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4369","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0953","volume":"91","author":"CS Tam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tam, C. S., de Zegher, F., Garnett, S. P., Baur, L. A. & Cowell, C. T. Opposing influences of prenatal and postnatal growth on the timing of menarche. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 4369\u20134373 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.04.003","volume":"254","author":"DB Dunger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunger, D. B., Ahmed, M. L. & Ong, K. K. Early and late weight gain and the timing of puberty. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 254\u2013255, 140\u2013145 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2011241_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27408","volume":"90","author":"KK Ong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ong, K. K. et al. Insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in infancy predict differential gains in body length and adiposity: the Cambridge Baby Growth Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90, 156\u2013161 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2011.241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2011.241","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2011.241.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T03:37:30Z","timestamp":1684467450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2011.241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrendo2011241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2011.241","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]]}}}