{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:38:41Z","timestamp":1791488321412,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T14:51:49Z","timestamp":1426603909000},"page":"265-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["New insights in prolactin: pathological implications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Binart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36838-2","volume":"269","author":"M Nagano","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nagano, M. & Kelly, P. A. Tissue distribution and regulation of rat prolactin receptor gene expression. Quantitative analysis by polymerase chain reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 13337\u201313345 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119239","volume":"99","author":"M Freemark","year":"1997","unstructured":"Freemark, M., Driscoll, P., Maaskant, R., Petryk, A. & Kelly, P. A. Ontogenesis of prolactin receptors in the human fetus in early gestation. Implications for tissue differentiation and development. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 1107\u20131117 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.3.0334","volume":"19","author":"C Bole-Feysot","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bole-Feysot, C., Goffin, V., Edery, M., Binart, N. & Kelly, P. A. Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout mice. Endocr. Rev. 19, 225\u2013268 (1998).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.081501.131049","volume":"64","author":"V Goffin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goffin, V., Binart, N., Touraine, P. & Kelly, P. A. Prolactin: the new biology of an old hormone. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64, 47\u201367 (2002).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0017","volume":"29","author":"N Ben-Jonathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ben-Jonathan, N., LaPensee, C. R. & LaPensee, E. W. What can we learn from rodents about prolactin in humans? Endocr. Rev. 29, 1\u201341 (2008).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2006.08.002","volume":"17","author":"C Clapp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clapp, C., Aranda, J., Gonz\u00e1lez, C., Jeziorski, M. C. & Mart\u00ednez de la Escalera, G. Vasoinhibins: endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and vascular function. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17, 301\u2013307 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01824.x","volume":"3","author":"AT Truong","year":"1984","unstructured":"Truong, A. T. et al. Isolation and characterization of the human prolactin gene. EMBO J. 3, 429\u2013437 (1984).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90247-P","volume":"75","author":"Y Hiraoka","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hiraoka, Y. et al. A placenta-specific 5\u2032 non-coding exon of human prolactin. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 75, 71\u201380 (1991).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523","volume":"80","author":"ME Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman, M. E., Kanyicska, B., Lerant, A. & Nagy, G. Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol. Rev. 80, 1523\u20131631 (2000).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-15-5-627","volume":"15","author":"ND Horseman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Horseman, N. D. & Yu-Lee, L. Y. Transcriptional regulation by the helix bundle peptide hormones: growth hormone, prolactin, and hematopoietic cytokines. Endocr. Rev. 15, 627\u2013649 (1994).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.06.001","volume":"276","author":"AM Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker, A. M. S179D prolactin: antagonistic agony! Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 276, 1\u20139 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.07.002","volume":"27","author":"M Fahie-Wilson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fahie-Wilson, M. & Smith, T. P. Determination of prolactin: the macroprolactin problem. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 27, 725\u2013742 (2013).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1373\/49.9.1504","volume":"49","author":"AM Suliman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Suliman, A. M., Smith, T. P., Gibney, J. & McKenna, T. J. Frequent misdiagnosis and mismanagement of hyperprolactinemic patients before the introduction of macroprolactin screening: application of a new strict laboratory definition of macroprolactinemia. Clin. Chem. 49, 1504\u20131509 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2234","volume":"90","author":"J Gibney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gibney, J., Smith, T. P. & McKenna, T. J. The impact on clinical practice of routine screening for macroprolactin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 3927\u20133932 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03577.x","volume":"71","author":"TJ McKenna","year":"2009","unstructured":"McKenna, T. J. Should macroprolactin be measured in all hyperprolactinaemic sera? Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 71, 466\u2013469 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR16","first-page":"1380","volume":"130","author":"C Clapp","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clapp, C. & Weiner, R. I. A specific, high affinity, saturable binding site for the 16-kilodalton fragment of prolactin on capillary endothelial cells. Endocrinology 130, 1380\u20131386 (1992).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02887","volume":"119","author":"Y Macotela","year":"2006","unstructured":"Macotela, Y. et al. Matrix metalloproteases from chondrocytes generate an antiangiogenic 16 kDa prolactin. J. Cell Sci. 119, 1790\u20131800 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR18","first-page":"1639","volume":"42","author":"A Ochoa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ochoa, A. et al. Expression of prolactin gene and secretion of prolactin by rat retinal capillary endothelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42, 1639\u20131645 (2001).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.12.036","volume":"128","author":"D Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilfiker-Kleiner, D. et al. A cathepsin D-cleaved 16 kDa form of prolactin mediates postpartum cardiomyopathy. Cell 128, 589\u2013600 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5155","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01396","volume":"117","author":"M Lkhider","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lkhider, M., Castino, R., Bouguyon, E., Isidoro, C. & Ollivier-Bousquet, M. Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is involved in prolactin cleavage under physiological conditions. J. Cell Sci. 117, 5155\u20135164 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.3.7689950","volume":"133","author":"C Clapp","year":"1993","unstructured":"Clapp, C., Martial, J. A., Guzman, R. C., Rentier-Delure, F. & Weiner, R. I. The 16-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of human prolactin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Endocrinology 133, 1292\u20131299 (1993).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01736.x","volume":"20","author":"DR Grattan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grattan, D. R. & Kokay, I. C. Prolactin: a pleiotropic neuroendocrine hormone. J. Neuroendocrinol. 20, 752\u2013763 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215912","volume":"110","author":"KG Schuff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schuff, K. G. et al. Lack of prolactin receptor signaling in mice results in lactotroph proliferation and prolactinomas by dopamine-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 973\u2013981 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1349","volume":"28","author":"RJ Marano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marano, R. J. & Ben-Jonathan, N. Minireview: extrapituitary prolactin: an update on the distribution, regulation, and functions. Mol. Endocrinol. 28, 622\u2013633 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR25","first-page":"356","volume":"8","author":"B Gellersen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gellersen, B., Kempf, R., Telgmann, R. & DiMattia, G. E. Nonpituitary human prolactin gene transcription is independent of Pit-1 and differentially controlled in lymphocytes and in endometrial stroma. Mol. Endocrinol. 8, 356\u2013373 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.10.9.4690","volume":"10","author":"B Peers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Peers, B. et al. Regulatory elements controlling pituitary-specific expression of the human prolactin gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 4690\u20134700 (1990).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR27","first-page":"639","volume":"17","author":"N Ben-Jonathan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ben-Jonathan, N., Mershon, J. L., Allen, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. W. Extrapituitary prolactin: distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects. Endocr. Rev. 17, 639\u2013669 (1996).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.06.001","volume":"21","author":"EA Langan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Langan, E. A., Foitzik-Lau, K., Goffin, V., Ramot, Y. & Paus, R. Prolactin: an emerging force along the cutaneous-endocrine axis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 569\u2013577 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00671.x","volume":"9","author":"T Brandebourg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brandebourg, T., Hugo, E. & Ben-Jonathan, N. Adipocyte prolactin: regulation of release and putative functions. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 9, 464\u2013476 (2007).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063952","volume":"8","author":"RJ Marano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marano, R. J., Tickner, J. & Redmond, S. L. Prolactin expression in the cochlea of aged BALB\/c mice is gender biased and correlates to loss of bone mineral density and hearing loss. PLoS ONE 8, e63952 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.197343.112","volume":"26","author":"C-C Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, C.-C. et al. Autocrine prolactin induced by the Pten-Akt pathway is required for lactation initiation and provides a direct link between the Akt and Stat5 pathways. Genes Dev. 26, 2154\u20132168 (2012).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2011.12.010","volume":"20","author":"R Dagil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dagil, R. et al. The WSXWS motif in cytokine receptors is a molecular switch involved in receptor activation: insight from structures of the prolactin receptor. Structure 20, 270\u2013282 (2012).","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-3-235","volume":"12","author":"PA Kelly","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kelly, P. A., Djiane, J., Postel-Vinay, M. C. & Edery, M. The prolactin\/growth hormone receptor family. Endocr. Rev. 12, 235\u2013251 (1991).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36749-2","volume":"269","author":"JJ Lebrun","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lebrun, J. J., Ali, S., Sofer, L., Ullrich, A. & Kelly, P. A. Prolactin-induced proliferation of Nb2 cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor and its associated tyrosine kinase JAK2. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14021\u201314026 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6523","volume":"270","author":"JW Tanner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tanner, J. W., Chen, W., Young, R. L., Longmore, G. D. & Shaw, A. S. The conserved Box 1 motif of cytokine receptors is required for association with JAK kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6523\u20136530 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.008","volume":"21","author":"N Binart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Binart, N., Bachelot, A. & Bouilly, J. Impact of prolactin receptor isoforms on reproduction. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 362\u2013368 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000132919","volume":"53","author":"KC Arden","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arden, K. C., Boutin, J. M., Djiane, J., Kelly, P. A. & Cavenee, W. K. The receptors for prolactin and growth hormone are localized in the same region of human chromosome 5. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 53, 161\u2013165 (1990).","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.11.6763-6768.1992","volume":"66","author":"CS Barker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barker, C. S. et al. Activation of the prolactin receptor gene by promoter insertion in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymoma. J. Virol. 66, 6763\u20136768 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.3.5659","volume":"84","author":"Z-Z Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, Z.-Z., Zhuang, L., Meng, J., Leondires, M. & Dufau, M. L. The human prolactin receptor gene structure and alternative promoter utilization: the generic promoter hPIII and a novel human promoter hPN . J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 1153\u20131156 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41086","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M102109200","volume":"276","author":"ZZ Hu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hu, Z. Z., Meng, J. & Dufau, M. L. Isolation and characterization of two novel forms of the human prolactin receptor generated by alternative splicing of a newly identified exon 11. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 41086\u201341094 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35461","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.50.35461","volume":"274","author":"JB Kline","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kline, J. B., Roehrs, H. & Clevenger, C. V. Functional characterization of the intermediate isoform of the human prolactin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35461\u201335468 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4242-8_71","volume":"554","author":"JF Trott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trott, J. F., Hovey, R. C., Koduri, S. & Vonderhaar, B. K. Multiple new isoforms of the human prolactin receptor gene. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 554, 495\u2013499 (2004).","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.15.6687","volume":"88","author":"MC Postel-Vinay","year":"1991","unstructured":"Postel-Vinay, M. C., Belair, L., Kayser, C., Kelly, P. A. & Djiane, J. Identification of prolactin and growth hormone binding proteins in rabbit milk. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6687\u20136690 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR44","first-page":"385","volume":"17","author":"V Goffin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goffin, V., Shiverick, K. T., Kelly, P. A. & Martial, J. A. Sequence-function relationships within the expanding family of prolactin, growth hormone, placental lactogen, and related proteins in mammals. Endocr. Rev. 17, 385\u2013410 (1996).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1040","volume":"33","author":"CL Brooks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooks, C. L. Molecular mechanisms of prolactin and its receptor. Endocr. Rev. 33, 504\u2013525 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb977","volume":"12","author":"RJ Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown, R. J. et al. Model for growth hormone receptor activation based on subunit rotation within a receptor dimer. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 12, 814\u2013821 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0291","volume":"20","author":"AM Qazi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Qazi, A. M., Tsai-Morris, C.-H. & Dufau, M. L. Ligand-independent homo- and heterodimerization of human prolactin receptor variants: inhibitory action of the short forms by heterodimerization. Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 1912\u20131923 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0114","volume":"20","author":"SL Gadd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gadd, S. L. & Clevenger, C. V. Ligand-independent dimerization of the human prolactin receptor isoforms: functional implications. Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 2734\u20132746 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.123","volume":"6","author":"AJ Brooks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brooks, A. J. & Waters, M. J. The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of activation and clinical implications. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 515\u2013525 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/8.12.1215","volume":"8","author":"V Goffin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Goffin, V., Martial, J. A. & Summers, N. L. Use of a model to understand prolactin and growth hormone specificities. Protein Eng. 8, 1215\u20131231 (1995).","journal-title":"Protein Eng."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249783","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249783","volume":"344","author":"AJ Brooks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brooks, A. J. et al. Mechanism of activation of protein kinase JAK2 by the growth hormone receptor. Science 344, 1249783 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29569","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.29569","volume":"3","author":"MJ Waters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waters, M. J., Brooks, A. J. & Chhabra, Y. A new mechanism for growth hormone receptor activation of JAK2, and implications for related cytokine receptors. JAK-STAT 3, e29569 (2014).","journal-title":"JAK-STAT"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06756.x","volume":"13","author":"F Gouilleux","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gouilleux, F., Wakao, H., Mundt, M. & Groner, B. Prolactin induces phosphorylation of Tyr694 of Stat5 (MGF), a prerequisite for DNA binding and induction of transcription. EMBO J. 13, 4361\u20134369 (1994).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.7.2171","volume":"12","author":"JA Fresno Vara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fresno Vara, J. A., C\u00e1ceres, M. A., Silva, A. & Mart\u00edn-P\u00e9rez, J. Src family kinases are required for prolactin induction of cell proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 2171\u20132183 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.10.013","volume":"22","author":"JM Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez, J. M. et al. A non-catalytic function of the Src family tyrosine kinases controls prolactin-induced Jak2 signaling. Cell. Signal. 22, 415\u2013426 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0036","volume":"24","author":"CV Clevenger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clevenger, C. V., Furth, P. A., Hankinson, S. E. & Schuler, L. A. The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocr. Rev. 24, 1\u201327 (2003).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-008-9068-6","volume":"13","author":"G Swaminathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swaminathan, G., Varghese, B. & Fuchs, S. Y. Regulation of prolactin receptor levels and activity in breast cancer. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 13, 81\u201391 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-8-6","volume":"8","author":"H Watkin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Watkin, H. et al. Lactation failure in Src knockout mice is due to impaired secretory activation. BMC Dev. Biol. 8, 6 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0341","volume":"23","author":"TM Piazza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piazza, T. M., Lu, J.-C., Carver, K. C. & Schuler, L. A. SRC family kinases accelerate prolactin receptor internalization, modulating trafficking and signaling in breast cancer cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 202\u2013212 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.4.2050","volume":"272","author":"JJ Berlanga","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berlanga, J. J. et al. Prolactin activates tyrosyl phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2050\u20132052 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0443","volume":"19","author":"SL Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller, S. L., DeMaria, J. E., Freier, D. O., Riegel, A. M. & Clevenger, C. V. Novel association of Vav2 and Nek3 modulates signaling through the human prolactin receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 939\u2013949 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00341.x","volume":"15","author":"S Ali","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ali, S. et al. PTP1D is a positive regulator of the prolactin signal leading to \u03b2-casein promoter activation. EMBO J. 15, 135\u2013142 (1996).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.16.4.0817","volume":"16","author":"JL Brockman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brockman, J. L., Schroeder, M. D. & Schuler, L. A. PRL activates the cyclin D1 promoter via the Jak2\/Stat pathway. Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 774\u2013784 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.406","volume":"29","author":"C-B Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan, C.-B. et al. PIKE-A is required for prolactin-mediated STAT5a activation in mammary gland development. EMBO J. 29, 956\u2013968 (2010).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25043","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.40.25043","volume":"272","author":"A Pezet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pezet, A., Ferrag, F., Kelly, P. A. & Edery, M. Tyrosine docking sites of the rat prolactin receptor required for association and activation of stat5. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 25043\u201325050 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RE12","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2003.191.re12","volume":"2003","author":"J Schlessinger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schlessinger, J. & Lemmon, M. A. SH2 and PTB domains in tyrosine kinase signaling. Sci. STKE 2003, RE12 (2003).","journal-title":"Sci. STKE"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.06.001","volume":"22","author":"BA Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, B. A. et al. The human and mouse complement of SH2 domain proteins-establishing the boundaries of phosphotyrosine signaling. Mol. Cell 22, 851\u2013868 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.004","volume":"356","author":"J Bouilly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouilly, J., Sonigo, C., Auffret, J., Gibori, G. & Binart, N. Prolactin signaling mechanisms in ovary. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 356, 80\u201387 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.09.016","volume":"382","author":"YS Devi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Devi, Y. S. & Halperin, J. Reproductive actions of prolactin mediated through short and long receptor isoforms. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 382, 400\u2013410 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6926","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.23.6926","volume":"16","author":"ND Horseman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horseman, N. D. et al. Defective mammopoiesis, but normal hematopoiesis, in mice with a targeted disruption of the prolactin gene. EMBO J. 16, 6926\u20136935 (1997).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.2.167","volume":"11","author":"CJ Ormandy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ormandy, C. J. et al. Null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene produces multiple reproductive defects in the mouse. Genes Dev. 11, 167\u2013178 (1997).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.10.5461","volume":"138","author":"H Wennbo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wennbo, H., Kindblom, J., Isaksson, O. G. & T\u00f6rnell, J. Transgenic mice overexpressing the prolactin gene develop dramatic enlargement of the prostate gland. Endocrinology 138, 4410\u20134415 (1997).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1643908","volume":"22","author":"L Hennighausen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hennighausen, L. & Robinson, G. W. Interpretation of cytokine signaling through the transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B. Genes Dev. 22, 711\u2013721 (2008).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2008-0399","volume":"23","author":"S Semprini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Semprini, S. et al. Real-time visualization of human prolactin alternate promoter usage in vivo using a double-transgenic rat model. Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 529\u2013538 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1476","volume":"154","author":"HR Christensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christensen, H. R., Murawsky, M. K., Horseman, N. D., Willson, T. A. & Gregerson, K. A. Completely humanizing prolactin rescues infertility in prolactin knockout mice and leads to human prolactin expression in extrapituitary mouse tissues. Endocrinology 154, 4777\u20134789 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146812","volume":"318","author":"SK Karnik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karnik, S. K. et al. Menin controls growth of pancreatic \u03b2-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus. Science 318, 806\u2013809 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1309","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00636.2012","volume":"305","author":"J Auffret","year":"2013","unstructured":"Auffret, J. et al. Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic \u03b2-cell development during the perinatal period. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 305, E1309\u2013E1318 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800101-1.00010-7","volume":"121","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang, Y. & Chang, Y. Regulation of pancreatic islet \u03b2-cell mass by growth factor and hormone signaling. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl Sci. 121, 321\u2013349 (2014).","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl Sci."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1003","volume":"150","author":"C Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang, C., Snider, F. & Cross, J. C. Prolactin receptor is required for normal glucose homeostasis and modulation of \u03b2-cell mass during pregnancy. Endocrinology 150, 1618\u20131626 (2009).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.244830","volume":"591","author":"C Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang, C. Wild-type offspring of heterozygous prolactin receptor-null female mice have maladaptive \u03b2-cell responses during pregnancy. J. Physiol. 591, 1325\u20131338 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69485","volume":"123","author":"N Ad\u00e1n","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ad\u00e1n, N. et al. Prolactin promotes cartilage survival and attenuates inflammation in inflammatory arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 3902\u20133913 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1692","volume":"96","author":"S Melmed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melmed, S. et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 273\u2013288 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0668","volume":"152","author":"IC Kokay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kokay, I. C., Petersen, S. L. & Grattan, D. R. Identification of prolactin-sensitive GABA and kisspeptin neurons in regions of the rat hypothalamus involved in the control of fertility. Endocrinology 152, 526\u2013535 (2011).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63937","volume":"122","author":"C Sonigo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sonigo, C. et al. Hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian acyclicity is reversed by kisspeptin administration. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 3791\u20133795 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1621","volume":"155","author":"X Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, X., Brown, R. S. E., Herbison, A. E. & Grattan, D. R. Lactational anovulation in mice results from a selective loss of kisspeptin input to GnRH neurons. Endocrinology 155, 193\u2013203 (2014).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1889","volume":"155","author":"R Araujo-Lopes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Araujo-Lopes, R. et al. Prolactin regulates kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus to suppress LH secretion in female rats. Endocrinology 155, 1010\u20131020 (2014).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12223","volume":"26","author":"R Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown, R., Herbison, A. & Grattan, D. Prolactin regulation of kisspeptin neurons in the mouse brain and its role in the lactation-induced suppression of kisspeptin expression. J. Neuroendocrinol. 26, 898\u2013908 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307557","volume":"369","author":"PJ Newey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Newey, P. J. et al. Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 2012\u20132020 (2013).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1315848","volume":"370","author":"C Harris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harris, C. Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 370, 976 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1315848","volume":"370","author":"M Grossmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grossmann, M. Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 370, 976\u2013977 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR91","first-page":"977","volume":"370","author":"ME Molitch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molitch, M. E. Mutant prolactin receptor and familial hyperprolactinemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 370, 977 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0023","volume":"32","author":"A David","year":"2011","unstructured":"David, A. et al. Evidence for a continuum of genetic, phenotypic, and biochemical abnormalities in children with growth hormone insensitivity. Endocr. Rev. 32, 472\u2013497 (2011).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-4-785","volume":"52","author":"J Schlechte","year":"1981","unstructured":"Schlechte, J., Vangilder, J. & Sherman, B. Predictors of the outcome of transsphenoidal surgery for prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 52, 785\u2013789 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(97)00091-2","volume":"74","author":"P Lecomte","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lecomte, P. et al. Pregnancy after intravenous pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a hyperprolactinaemic woman resistant to treatment with dopamine agonists. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 74, 219\u2013221 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0597-13","volume":"16","author":"RM Ayling","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ayling, R. M. et al. A dominant-negative mutation of the growth hormone receptor causes familial short stature. Nat. Genet. 16, 13\u201314 (1997).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7568","volume":"141","author":"N Binart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Binart, N. et al. Rescue of preimplantatory egg development and embryo implantation in prolactin receptor-deficient mice after progesterone administration. Endocrinology 141, 2691\u20132697 (2000).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9961","volume":"229","author":"MI Gallego","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gallego, M. I. et al. Prolactin, growth hormone, and epidermal growth factor activate Stat5 in different compartments of mammary tissue and exert different and overlapping developmental effects. Dev. Biol. 229, 163\u2013175 (2001).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14533","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800685105","volume":"105","author":"RL Bogorad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bogorad, R. L. et al. Identification of a gain-of-function mutation of the prolactin receptor in women with benign breast tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 14533\u201314538 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR99","unstructured":"NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (ESP). Exome Variant Server [online] , (2013)."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026369412612","volume":"2","author":"R Das","year":"1997","unstructured":"Das, R. & Vonderhaar, B. K. Prolactin as a mitogen in mammary cells. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 2, 29\u201339 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.12.5605","volume":"138","author":"C Reynolds","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reynolds, C., Montone, K. T., Powell, C. M., Tomaszewski, J. E. & Clevenger, C. V. Expression of prolactin and its receptor in human breast carcinoma. Endocrinology 138, 5555\u20135560 (1997).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119820","volume":"100","author":"H Wennbo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wennbo, H. et al. Activation of the prolactin receptor but not the growth hormone receptor is important for induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2744\u20132751 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203348","volume":"19","author":"AJ Vomachka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vomachka, A. J., Pratt, S. L., Lockefeer, J. A. & Horseman, N. D. Prolactin gene-disruption arrests mammary gland development and retards T-antigen-induced tumor growth. Oncogene 19, 1077\u20131084 (2000).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209838","volume":"26","author":"SR Oakes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oakes, S. R. et al. Loss of mammary epithelial prolactin receptor delays tumor formation by reducing cell proliferation in low-grade preinvasive lesions. Oncogene 26, 543\u2013553 (2007).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6814","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1870","volume":"64","author":"SS Tworoger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tworoger, S. S., Eliassen, A. H., Rosner, B., Sluss, P. & Hankinson, S. E. Plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Cancer Res. 64, 6814\u20136819 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4810","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-0665","volume":"73","author":"SS Tworoger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tworoger, S. S. et al. A 20-year prospective study of plasma prolactin as a risk marker of breast cancer development. Cancer Res. 73, 4810\u20134819 (2013).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.6356","volume":"25","author":"SS Tworoger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tworoger, S. S., Eliassen, A. H., Sluss, P. & Hankinson, S. E. A prospective study of plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 25, 1482\u20131488 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu150","volume":"25","author":"K Tikk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tikk, K. et al. Circulating prolactin and breast cancer risk among pre- and postmenopausal women in the EPIC cohort. Ann. Oncol. 25, 1422\u20131428 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0076","volume":"165","author":"K Berinder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berinder, K., Akre, O., Granath, F. & Hulting, A.-L. Cancer risk in hyperprolactinemia patients: a population-based cohort study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 165, 209\u2013215 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-009-0214-y","volume":"13","author":"OM Dekkers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dekkers, O. M., Romijn, J. A., de Boer, A. & Vandenbroucke, J. P. The risk for breast cancer is not evidently increased in women with hyperprolactinemia. Pituitary 13, 195\u2013198 (2010).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-8-72","volume":"8","author":"SA Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, S. A. et al. A comprehensive analysis of common genetic variation in prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor (PRLR) genes in relation to plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort. BMC Med. Genet. 8, 72 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-008-9062-z","volume":"13","author":"K-U Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner, K.-U. & Rui, H. Jak2\/Stat5 signaling in mammogenesis, breast cancer initiation and progression. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia 13, 93\u2013103 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0479","volume":"201","author":"ED Galsgaard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galsgaard, E. D. et al. Re-evaluation of the prolactin receptor expression in human breast cancer. J. Endocrinol. 201, 115\u2013128 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-013-2731-7","volume":"142","author":"LM Nitze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nitze, L. M. et al. Reevaluation of the proposed autocrine proliferative function of prolactin in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 142, 31\u201344 (2013).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119204","volume":"99","author":"MT Nevalainen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nevalainen, M. T. et al. Prolactin and prolactin receptors are expressed and functioning in human prostate. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 618\u2013627 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15199","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911651107","volume":"107","author":"V Rouet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rouet, V. et al. Local prolactin is a target to prevent expansion of basal\/stem cells in prostate tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 15199\u201315204 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4774","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3499","volume":"64","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in human prostate cancer is associated with high histological grade. Cancer Res. 64, 4774\u20134782 (2004).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5863","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0562","volume":"11","author":"H Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 in prostate cancer predicts early recurrence. Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 5863\u20135868 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5658","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0422","volume":"19","author":"L Gu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu, L. et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of Jak2-Stat5 signaling By Jak2 inhibitor AZD1480 potently suppresses growth of both primary and castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 19, 5658\u20135674 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0270","volume":"2","author":"V Goffin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goffin, V., Touraine, P., Culler, M. D. & Kelly, P. A. Drug Insight: prolactin-receptor antagonists, a novel approach to treatment of unresolved systemic and local hyperprolactinemia? Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab. 2, 571\u2013581 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0886","volume":"12","author":"JS Damiano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damiano, J. S. et al. Neutralization of prolactin receptor function by monoclonal antibody LFA102, a novel potential therapeutic for the treatment of breast cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12, 295\u2013305 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0138","volume":"19","author":"JS Damiano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damiano, J. S. & Wasserman, E. Molecular pathways: blockade of the PRLR signaling pathway as a novel antihormonal approach for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 19, 1644\u20131650 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1246","volume":"96","author":"I Struman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Struman, I. et al. Opposing actions of intact and N-terminal fragments of the human prolactin\/growth hormone family members on angiogenesis: an efficient mechanism for the regulation of angiogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1246\u20131251 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR124","first-page":"7356","volume":"61","author":"F Bentzien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bentzien, F., Struman, I., Martini, J. F., Martial, J. & Weiner, R. Expression of the antiangiogenic factor 16K hPRL in human HCT116 colon cancer cells inhibits tumor growth in Rag1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Cancer Res. 61, 7356\u20137362 (2001).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR125","first-page":"386","volume":"63","author":"J Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Antitumor activity of the 16-kDa prolactin fragment in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 63, 386\u2013393 (2003).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300294","volume":"15","author":"N-Q-N Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen, N.-Q.-N. et al. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis establishment by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer delivery of the antiangiogenic factor 16K hPRL. Mol. Ther. 15, 2094\u20132100 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-012-0095-7","volume":"9","author":"D Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hilfiker-Kleiner, D., Struman, I., Hoch, M., Podewski, E. & Sliwa, K. 16-kDa prolactin and bromocriptine in postpartum cardiomyopathy. Curr. Heart Fail. Rep. 9, 174\u2013182 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1210\/me.13.5.692","volume":"13","author":"G D'Angelo","year":"1999","unstructured":"D'Angelo, G. et al. 16K human prolactin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced activation of Ras in capillary endothelial cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 13, 692\u2013704 (1999).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0515","volume":"19","author":"SP Tabruyn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tabruyn, S. P., Nguyen, N.-Q.-N., Cornet, A. M., Martial, J. A. & Struman, I. The antiangiogenic factor, 16-kDa human prolactin, induces endothelial cell cycle arrest by acting at both the G0\u2013G1 and the G2\u2013M phases. Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 1932\u20131942 (2005).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0132","volume":"17","author":"SP Tabruyn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tabruyn, S. P. et al. The antiangiogenic factor 16K human prolactin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by a mechanism that requires activation of nuclear factor-\u03baB. Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1815\u20131823 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11045","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0986","volume":"67","author":"S-H Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, S.-H., Kunz, J., Lin, S.-H. & Yu-Lee, L.-Y. 16-kDa prolactin inhibits endothelial cell migration by down-regulating the Ras\u2013Tiam1\u2013Rac1\u2013Pak1 signaling pathway. Cancer Res. 67, 11045\u201311053 (2007).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5714","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0647","volume":"145","author":"C Gonzalez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonzalez, C. et al. 16K-prolactin inhibits activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, intracellular calcium mobilization, and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Endocrinology 145, 5714\u20135722 (2004).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0021","volume":"21","author":"SP Tabruyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabruyn, S. P. et al. The angiostatic 16K human prolactin overcomes endothelial cell anergy and promotes leukocyte infiltration via nuclear factor-\u03baB activation. Mol. Endocrinol. 21, 1422\u20131429 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027318","volume":"6","author":"N-Q-N Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen, N.-Q.-N. et al. The antiangiogenic 16K prolactin impairs functional tumor neovascularization by inhibiting vessel maturation. PLoS ONE 6, e27318 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3552","volume":"20","author":"K Bajou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bajou, K. et al. PAI-1 mediates the antiangiogenic and profibrinolytic effects of 16K prolactin. Nat. Med. 20, 741\u2013747 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1001","volume":"45","author":"H Pan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pan, H. et al. Molecular targeting of antiangiogenic factor 16K hPRL inhibits oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45, 2413\u20132419 (2004).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR137","first-page":"2291","volume":"118","author":"C Garc\u00eda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda, C. et al. Vasoinhibins prevent retinal vasopermeability associated with diabetic retinopathy in rats via protein phosphatase 2A-dependent eNOS inactivation. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2291\u20132300 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0873","volume":"59","author":"E Arnold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arnold, E. et al. High levels of serum prolactin protect against diabetic retinopathy by increasing ocular vasoinhibins. Diabetes 59, 3192\u20133197 (2010).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0130","volume":"161","author":"J Triebel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Triebel, J., Huefner, M. & Ramadori, G. Investigation of prolactin-related vasoinhibin in sera from patients with diabetic retinopathy. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161, 345\u2013353 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.37","volume":"11","author":"D Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilfiker-Kleiner, D. & Sliwa, K. Pathophysiology and epidemiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 11, 364\u2013370 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R95","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-13-0220","volume":"52","author":"ND Horseman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horseman, N. D. & Gregerson, K. A. Prolactin actions. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 52, R95\u2013R106 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00754","volume":"61","author":"A Lea\u00f1os-Miranda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lea\u00f1os-Miranda, A., Campos-Galicia, I., Ram\u00edrez-Valenzuela, K. L., Chinolla-Arellano, Z. L. & Isordia-Salas, I. Circulating angiogenic factors and urinary prolactin as predictors of adverse outcomes in women with preeclampsia. Hypertension 61, 1118\u20131125 (2013).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01638.x","volume":"57","author":"V Toescu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toescu, V., Nuttall, S. L., Martin, U., Kendall, M. J. & Dunne, F. Oxidative stress and normal pregnancy. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 57, 609\u2013613 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.179218","volume":"96","author":"H Yamac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamac, H., Bultmann, I., Sliwa, K. & Hilfiker-Kleiner, D. Prolactin: a new therapeutic target in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Heart 96, 1352\u20131357 (2010).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-80","volume":"4","author":"GP Meyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meyer, G. P. et al. Bromocriptine treatment associated with recovery from peripartum cardiomyopathy in siblings: two case reports. J. Med. Case Rep. 4, 80 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.09.001","volume":"10","author":"D Habedank","year":"2008","unstructured":"Habedank, D. et al. Recovery from peripartum cardiomyopathy after treatment with bromocriptine. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 10, 1149\u20131151 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.006","volume":"50","author":"D Hilfiker-Kleiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilfiker-Kleiner, D. et al. Recovery from postpartum cardiomyopathy in 2 patients by blocking prolactin release with bromocriptine. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50, 2354\u20132355 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901496","volume":"121","author":"K Sliwa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sliwa, K. et al. Evaluation of bromocriptine in the treatment of acute severe peripartum cardiomyopathy: a proof-of-concept pilot study. Circulation 121, 1465\u20131473 (2010).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq120","volume":"12","author":"K Sliwa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sliwa, K. et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 12, 767\u2013778 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64365","volume":"123","author":"J Halkein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Halkein, J. et al. MicroRNA-146a is a therapeutic target and biomarker for peripartum cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 2143\u20132154 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201536_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0366-4","volume":"15","author":"AF Elms","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elms, A. F., Carlan, S. J., Rich, A. E. & Cerezo, L. Ovarian tumor-derived ectopic hyperprolactinemia. Pituitary 15, 552\u2013555 (2012).","journal-title":"Pituitary"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.36","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.36.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.36.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T03:46:47Z","timestamp":1684468007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.36"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrendo201536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2015.36","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}