{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:42:09Z","timestamp":1792633329103,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T09:26:10Z","timestamp":1433237170000},"page":"513-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":184,"title":["Skeletal changes through the lifespan\u2014from growth to senescence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joshua N.","family":"Farr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundeep","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The state of aging and health in America 2013 [online] , (2013)."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR2","unstructured":"US Departments of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the surgeon general. 187\u2013217 [online] , (2004)."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR3","unstructured":"National Osteoporosis Foundation. America's bone health: the state of osteoporosis and low bone mass in our nation (The Foundation, 2002)."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","volume":"22","author":"R Burge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burge, R. et al. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005\u20132025. J. Bone Miner. Res. 22, 465\u2013475 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.005","volume":"46","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rizzoli, R., Bianchi, M. L., Garabedian, M., McKay, E. A. & Moreno, L. A. Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 46, 294\u2013305 (2010).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1454-8","volume":"14","author":"CJ Hernandez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hernandez, C. J., Beaupr\u00e9, G. S. & Carter, D. R. A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 14, 843\u2013847 (2003).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-1998-65-606","volume":"6","author":"A Laib","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laib, A., Hauselmann, H. J. & Ruegsegger, P. In vivo high resolution 3D-QCT of the human forearm. Technol. Health Care 6, 329\u2013337 (1998).","journal-title":"Technol. Health Care"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00159-8","volume":"24","author":"A Laib","year":"1999","unstructured":"Laib, A. & Ruegsegger, P. Calibration of trabecular bone structure measurements of in vivo three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography with 28-\u03bcm-resolution microcomputed tomography. Bone 24, 35\u201339 (1999).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.10.1672","volume":"14","author":"DA Bailey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bailey, D. A., McKay, H. A., Mirwald, R. L., Crocker, P. R. & Faulkner, R. A. A six-year longitudinal study of the relationship of physical activity to bone mineral accrual in growing children: the university of Saskatchewan bone mineral accrual study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14, 1672\u20131679 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.10.1796","volume":"14","author":"Y Duan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Duan, Y., Parfitt, A. M. & Seeman, E. Vertebral bone mass, size, and volumetric density in women with spinal fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14, 1796\u20131802 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070020","volume":"11","author":"RP Heaney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heaney, R. P. et al. Peak bone mass. Osteoporos. Int. 11, 985\u20131009 (2000).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.11.1479","volume":"290","author":"S Khosla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khosla, S. et al. Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: A population-based study. JAMA 290, 1479\u20131485 (2003).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"202","author":"LA Landin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Landin, L. A. Fracture patterns in children. Analysis of 8,682 fractures with special reference to incidence, etiology and secular changes in a Swedish urban population 1950\u20131979. Acta Orthop. Scand. Suppl. 202, 1\u2013109 (1983).","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678809148784","volume":"59","author":"M Kramh\u00f8ft","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kramh\u00f8ft, M. & B\u00f8dtker, S. Epidemiology of distal forearm fractures in Danish children. Acta Orthop. Scand. 59, 557\u2013559 (1988).","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971080-00016","volume":"71","author":"DA Bailey","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bailey, D. A., Wedge, J. H., McCulloch, R. G., Martin, A. D. & Bernhardson, S. C. Epidemiology of fractures of the distal end of the radius in children as associated with growth. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 71, 1225\u20131231 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-2760(92)90032-V","volume":"3","author":"C Cooper","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cooper, C. & Melton, L. J. 3rd. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 3, 224\u2013229 (1992).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2006.11.002","volume":"29","author":"JA MacNeil","year":"2007","unstructured":"MacNeil, J. A. & Boyd, S. K. Accuracy of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography for measurement of bone quality. Med. Eng. Phys. 29, 1096\u20131105 (2007).","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00736-6","volume":"30","author":"W Pistoia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pistoia, W. et al. Estimation of distal radius failure load with micro-finite element analysis models based on three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography images. Bone 30, 842\u2013848 (2002).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2167","volume":"29","author":"Y Bala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bala, Y. et al. Cortical porosity identifies women with osteopenia at increased risk of forearm fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res. 29, 1356\u20131362 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081255","volume":"24","author":"S Kirmani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirmani, S. et al. Bone structure at the distal radius during adolescent growth. J. Bone Miner. Res. 24, 1033\u20131042 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.46","volume":"25","author":"Q Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Rapid growth produces transient cortical weakness: a risk factor for metaphyseal fractures during puberty. J. Bone Miner. Res. 25, 1521\u20131526 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.552","volume":"27","author":"KK Nishiyama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nishiyama, K. K. et al. Cortical porosity is higher in boys compared with girls at the distal radius and distal tibia during puberatal growth: an HR-pQCT study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27, 273\u2013282 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622201","volume":"4","author":"AM Parfitt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parfitt, A. M. The two faces of growth: benefits and risks to bone integrity. Osteoporos. Int. 4, 382\u2013398 (1994).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60320-0","volume":"375","author":"RM Zebaze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zebaze, R. M. et al. Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 375, 1729\u20131736 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.04.197","volume":"41","author":"J Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox, J. et al. Effects of daily treatment with parathyroid hormone 1\u201384 for 16 months on density, architecture and biomechanical properties of cortical bone in adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. Bone 41, 321\u2013330 (2007).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.09.019","volume":"44","author":"RR Recker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Recker, R. R. et al. Cancellous and cortical bone architecture and turnover at the iliac crest of postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with parathyroid hormone 1\u201384. Bone 44, 113\u2013119 (2009).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1627","volume":"27","author":"RI Gafni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gafni, R. I. et al. Daily parathyroid hormone 1\u201334 replacement therapy for hypoparathyroidism induces marked changes in bone turnover and structure. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27, 1811\u20131820 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1404","volume":"117","author":"EM Clark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clark, E. M., Tobias, J. H. & Ness, A. R. Association between bone density and fractures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics 117, 291\u2013297 (2006).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060601","volume":"21","author":"EM Clark","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clark, E. M., Ness, A. R., Bishop, N. J. & Tobias, J. H. Association between bone mass and fractures in children: a prospective cohort study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 21, 1489\u20131495 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2071","volume":"29","author":"JN Farr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farr, J. N. et al. Bone strength and structural deficits in children and adolescents with a distal forearm fracture resulting from mild trauma. J. Bone Miner. Res. 29, 590\u2013599 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071010","volume":"23","author":"EM Clark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clark, E. M., Ness, A. R. & Tobias, J. H. Bone fragility contributes to the risk of fracture in children, even after moderate and severe trauma. J. Bone Miner. Res. 23, 173\u2013179 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2388","volume":"30","author":"Y Bala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bala, Y. et al. Trabecular and cortical microstructure and fragility of the distal radius in women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 30, 621\u2013629 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1743","volume":"28","author":"C Buttazzoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buttazzoni, C. et al. Does a childhood fracture predict low bone mass in young adulthood? A 27-year prospective controlled study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 28, 351\u2013359 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2257","volume":"29","author":"JN Farr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farr, J. N. et al. Diminished bone strength is observed in adult women and men who sustained a mild trauma distal forearm fracture during childhood. J. Bone Miner. Res. 29, 2193\u20132202 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110719","volume":"11","author":"TW O'Neill","year":"1996","unstructured":"O'Neill, T. W. et al. The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 11, 1010\u20131018 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090220","volume":"24","author":"SR Pye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pye, S. R. et al. Childhood fractures do not predict future fractures: results from the European prospective osteoporosis study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 24, 1314\u20131318 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200137","volume":"13","author":"IE Jones","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jones, I. E., Williams, S. M., Dow, N. & Goulding, A. How many children remain fracture-free during growth? A longitudinal study of children and adolescents participating in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Osteoporos. Int. 13, 990\u2013995 (2002).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1914","volume":"28","author":"S Amin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amin, S. et al. A distal forearm fracture in childhood is associated with an increased risk for future fragility fractures in adult men, not women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 28, 1751\u20131759 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.3.0465","volume":"23","author":"BL Riggs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riggs, B. L., Khosla, S. & Melton, L. J. 3rd. Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr. Rev. 23, 279\u2013302 (2002).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040916","volume":"19","author":"BL Riggs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Riggs, B. L. et al. Population-based study of age and sex differences in bone volumetric density, size, geometry, and structure at different skeletal sites. J. Bone Miner. Res. 19, 1945\u20131954 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071020","volume":"23","author":"BL Riggs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riggs, B. L. et al. A population-based assessment of rates of bone loss at multiple skeletal sites: evidence for substantial trabecular bone loss in young adult women and men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 23, 205\u2013214 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0002","volume":"29","author":"S Khosla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khosla, S., Amin, S. & Orwoll, E. Osteoporosis in men. Endocr. Rev. 29, 441\u2013464 (2008).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050916","volume":"21","author":"S Khosla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khosla, S. et al. Effects of sex and age on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius: a population-based noninvasive in vivo assessment. J. Bone Miner. Res. 21, 124\u2013131 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00100-2","volume":"21","author":"MJ Silva","year":"1997","unstructured":"Silva, M. J. & Gibson, L. J. Modeling the mechanical behavior of vertebral trabecular bone: effects of age-related changes in microstructure. Bone 21, 191\u2013199 (1997).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1468","volume":"27","author":"KM Nicks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nicks, K. M. et al. Relationship of age to bone microstructure independent of areal bone mineral density. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27, 637\u2013644 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113523","volume":"81","author":"SL Hui","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hui, S. L., Slemenda, W. & Johnston, C. C. Jr. Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 1804\u20131809 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00143-4","volume":"24","author":"KL Bell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bell, K. L. et al. Regional differences in cortical porosity in the fractured femoral neck. Bone 24, 57\u201364 (1999).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00272-0","volume":"26","author":"GR Jordan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jordan, G. R. et al. Spatial clustering of remodeling osteons in the femoral neck cortex: a cause of weakness in hip fracture? Bone 26, 305\u2013313 (2000).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00318-5","volume":"27","author":"KL Bell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bell, K. L. et al. A novel mechanism for induction of increased cortical porosity in cases of intracapsular hip fracture. Bone 27, 297\u2013304 (2000).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070341","volume":"356","author":"S Khosla","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khosla, S. & Melton, L. J. 3rd. Osteopenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 2293\u20133000 (2007).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077","volume":"354","author":"E Seeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seeman, E. & Delmas, P. D. Bone quality\u2014the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2250\u20132261 (2006).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3693085","volume":"83","author":"D Bridges","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bridges, D., Randall, C. & Hansma, P. K. A new device for performing reference point indentation without a reference probe. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 044301 (2012).","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410051","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024829","volume":"7","author":"C Randall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Randall, C. et al. Applications of a new handheld reference point indentation instrument measuring bone material strength. J. Med. Device 7, 410051\u2013410056 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Med. Device"},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.73","volume":"25","author":"A Diez-Perez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diez-Perez, A. et al. Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue mechanical properties in humans. J. Bone Miner. Res. 25, 1877\u20131885 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1731","volume":"28","author":"RC Guerri-Fernandez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guerri-Fernandez, R. C. et al. Microindentation for in vivo measurement of bone tissue material properties in atypical femoral fracture patients and controls. J. Bone Miner. Res. 28, 162\u2013168 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2106","volume":"29","author":"JN Farr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farr, J. N. et al. In vivo assessment of bone quality in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. J. Bone Miner. Res. 29, 787\u2013795 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1759","volume":"27","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leslie, W. D., Rubin, M. R., Schwartz, A. V. & Kanis, J. A. Type 2 diabetes and bone. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27, 2231\u20132237 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo201589_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.715","volume":"305","author":"AV Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz, A. V. et al. Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 305, 2184\u20132192 (2011).","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.89.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.89","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.89.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T03:47:26Z","timestamp":1684468046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2015.89"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrendo201589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2015.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}