{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:17:34Z","timestamp":1791605854352,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]],"date-time":"2017-10-13T11:48:22Z","timestamp":1507895302000},"page":"12-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":363,"title":["Current pharmacotherapy for obesity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gitanjali","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Apovian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E435","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040435","volume":"14","author":"M Tremmel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tremmel, M., Gerdtham, U. G., Nilsson, P. M. & Saha, S. Economic burden of obesity: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, E435 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N. Engl. J. Med. 377, 13\u201327 (2017).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6458","volume":"315","author":"KM Flegal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flegal, K. M., Kruszon-Moran, D., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D. & Ogden, C. L. Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA 315, 2284\u20132291 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.65","volume":"33","author":"H Zheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Lenard, N. R., Shin, A. C. & Berthoud, H. R. Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals. Int. J. Obes. 33 (Suppl. 2), S8\u2013S13 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.511","volume":"16","author":"NR Lenard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lenard, N. R. & Berthoud, H. R. Central and peripheral regulation of food intake and physical activity: pathways and genes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 16 (Suppl. 3), S11\u2013S22 (2008).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.12.016","volume":"91","author":"HR Berthoud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Berthoud, H. R. Interactions between the \u201ccognitive\u201d and \u201cmetabolic\u201d brain in the control of food intake. Physiol. Behav. 91, 486\u2013498 (2007).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.121","volume":"6","author":"ML Vetter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vetter, M. L., Faulconbridge, L. F., Webb, V. L. & Wadden, T. A. Behavioral and pharmacologic therapies for obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 578\u2013588 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3415","volume":"100","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M. et al. Pharmacological management of obesity: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 342\u2013362 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-077","volume":"57","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suzuki, K., Simpson, K. A., Minnion, J. S., Shillito, J. C. & Bloom, S. R. The role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus in appetite regulation. Endocr. J. 57, 359\u2013372 (2010).","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.025","volume":"168","author":"C Clemmensen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clemmensen, C. et al. Gut\u2013brain cross-talk in metabolic control. Cell 168, 758\u2013774 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3211","volume":"15","author":"GS Yeo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yeo, G. S. & Heisler, L. K. Unraveling the brain regulation of appetite: lessons from genetics. Nat. Neurosci. 15, 1343\u20131349 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E691","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00297.2015","volume":"309","author":"A Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez, A., Ezquerro, S., Mendez-Gimenez, L., Becerril, S. & Fruhbeck, G. Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 309, E691\u2013E714 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-015-0382-2","volume":"9","author":"S Qian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qian, S., Huang, H. & Tang, Q. Brown and beige fat: the metabolic function, induction, and therapeutic potential. Front. Med. 9, 162\u2013172 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.04.019","volume":"12","author":"C Contreras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Contreras, C., Nogueiras, R., Dieguez, C., Rahmouni, K. & Lopez, M. Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: the thermogenic pathway. Redox Biol. 12, 854\u2013863 (2017).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2015.1051029","volume":"9","author":"R Mathur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathur, R. & Barlow, G. M. Obesity and the microbiome. Exp. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 1087\u20131099 (2015).","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2013-0063","volume":"17","author":"HL Bradlow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bradlow, H. L. Obesity and the gut microbiome: pathophysiological aspects. Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig. 17, 53\u201361 (2014).","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90392-2","volume":"71","author":"S Bhasin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bhasin, S., Wallace, W., Lawrence, J. B. & Lesch, M. Sudden death associated with thyroid hormone abuse. Am. J. Med. 71, 887\u2013890 (1981).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0162-6","volume":"7","author":"J Grundlingh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grundlingh, J., Dargan, P. I., El-Zanfaly, M. & Wood, D. M. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death. J. Med. Toxicol. 7, 205\u2013212 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-203335","volume":"32","author":"A Kamour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamour, A. et al. Increasing frequency of severe clinical toxicity after use of 2,4-dinitrophenol in the UK: a report from the National Poisons Information Service. Emerg. Med. J. 32, 383\u2013386 (2015).","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(69)90009-X","volume":"14","author":"PJ Gehring","year":"1969","unstructured":"Gehring, P. J. & Buerge, J. F. The cataractogenic activity of 2,4-dinitrophenol in ducks and rabbits. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 14, 475\u2013486 (1969).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12771","volume":"70","author":"D Haslam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haslam, D. Weight management in obesity \u2014 past and present. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 70, 206\u2013217 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.07.015","volume":"28","author":"GA Bray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bray, G. A. Medical treatment of obesity: the past, the present and the future. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 28, 665\u2013684 (2014).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.69","volume":"51","author":"M Weintraub","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weintraub, M. et al. Long-term weight control study. I (weeks 0 to 34). The enhancement of behavior modification, caloric restriction, and exercise by fenfluramine plus phentermine versus placebo. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 51, 586\u2013594 (1992).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.76","volume":"51","author":"M Weintraub","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weintraub, M. Long-term weight control study: conclusions. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 51, 642\u2013646 (1992).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)38720-3","volume":"269","author":"U McCann","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCann, U. et al. Dexfenfluramine and serotonin neurotoxicity: further preclinical evidence that clinical caution is indicated. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 269, 792\u2013798 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00289-8","volume":"51","author":"MS Kramer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kramer, M. S. & Lane, D. A. Aminorex, dexfenfluramine, and primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 51, 361\u2013364 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901","volume":"337","author":"HM Connolly","year":"1997","unstructured":"Connolly, H. M. et al. Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine\u2013phentermine. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 581\u2013588 (1997).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912799362788","volume":"10","author":"JR Araujo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Araujo, J. R. & Martel, F. Sibutramine effects on central mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 10, 49\u201352 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39385.413113.25","volume":"335","author":"D Rucker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rucker, D., Padwal, R., Li, S. K., Curioni, C. & Lau, D. C. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis. BMJ 335, 1194\u20131199 (2007).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003114","volume":"363","author":"WP James","year":"2010","unstructured":"James, W. P. et al. Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 905\u2013917 (2010).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01554.x","volume":"14","author":"ID Caterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caterson, I. D. et al. Maintained intentional weight loss reduces cardiovascular outcomes: results from the Sibutramine Cardiovascular OUTcomes (SCOUT) trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 14, 523\u2013530 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR32","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration & Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Guidance for Industry: developing products for weight management. FDA https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/%E2%80%A6\/Guidances\/ucm071612.pdf (2007)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR33","volume-title":"Clinical Management of Obesity","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M., Aronne, L. & Powell, A. Clinical Management of Obesity 1st edn (Professional Communications, 2015)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1342","volume":"33","author":"C Hampp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hampp, C., Kang, E. M. & Borders-Hemphill, V. Use of prescription antiobesity drugs in the United States. Pharmacotherapy 33, 1299\u20131307 (2013).","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.74","volume":"38","author":"EJ Hendricks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hendricks, E. J. et al. Addiction potential of phentermine prescribed during long-term treatment of obesity. Int. J. Obes. 38, 292\u2013298 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01537.x","volume":"73","author":"R Samanin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Samanin, R. & Garattini, S. Neurochemical mechanism of action of anorectic drugs. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 73, 63\u201368 (1993).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5588.352","volume":"1","author":"JF Munro","year":"1968","unstructured":"Munro, J. F., MacCuish, A. C., Wilson, E. M. & Duncan, L. J. Comparison of continuous and intermittent anorectic therapy in obesity. Br. Med. J. 1, 352\u2013354 (1968).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20584","volume":"21","author":"LJ Aronne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aronne, L. J. et al. Evaluation of phentermine and topiramate versus phentermine\/topiramate extended-release in obese adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21, 2163\u20132171 (2013).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR39","unstructured":"[No authors listed.] In brief: phentermine (Lomaira) for weight loss. Med. Lett. Drugs Ther. 58, 158 (2016)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281361","volume":"311","author":"SZ Yanovski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yanovski, S. Z. & Yanovski, J. A. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review. JAMA 311, 74\u201386 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001840","volume":"128","author":"JW Magnani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magnani, J. W., Hylek, E. M. & Apovian, C. M. Obesity begets atrial fibrillation: a contemporary summary. Circulation 128, 401\u2013405 (2013).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010772","volume":"132","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M. & Aronne, L. J. The 2013 American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology\/The Obesity Society Guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: what is new about diet, drugs, and surgery for obesity? Circulation 132, 1586\u20131591 (2015).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022541","volume":"125","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M. & Gokce, N. Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 125, 1178\u20131182 (2012).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958040-00015","volume":"58","author":"KM Hvizdos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hvizdos, K. M. & Markham, A. Orlistat: a review of its use in the management of obesity. Drugs 58, 743\u2013760 (1999).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.155","volume":"27","author":"JS Torgerson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Torgerson, J. S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M. N. & Sjostrom, L. XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care 27, 155\u2013161 (2004).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801814","volume":"25","author":"E Muls","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muls, E., Kolanowski, J., Scheen, A. & Van Gaal, L. The effects of orlistat on weight and on serum lipids in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord. 25, 1713\u20131721 (2001).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metabol. Disord."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.9.1321","volume":"160","author":"SB Heymsfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heymsfield, S. B. et al. Effects of weight loss with orlistat on glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes in obese adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 160, 1321\u20131326 (2000).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.103","volume":"171","author":"MA Weir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weir, M. A. et al. Orlistat and acute kidney injury: an analysis of 953 patients. Arch. Intern. Med. 171, 703\u2013704 (2011).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR49","unstructured":"Xenical (Orlistat) package insert https:\/\/www.gene.com\/download\/pdf\/xenical_prescribing.pdf (Genentech, 2016)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80070-X","volume":"25","author":"G Derosa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Derosa, G., Mugellini, A., Ciccarelli, L. & Fogari, R. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of the action of orlistat, fluvastatin, or both an anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lipid profile in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia prescribed a standardized diet. Clin. Ther. 25, 1107\u20131122 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24716-3_20","volume":"209","author":"J Antel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antel, J. & Hebebrand, J. Weight-reducing side effects of the antiepileptic agents topiramate and zonisamide. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 209, 433\u2013466 (2012).","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.330","volume":"20","author":"DB Allison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allison, D. B. et al. Controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity (Silver Spring) 20, 330\u2013342 (2012).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60205-5","volume":"377","author":"KM Gadde","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gadde, K. M. et al. Effects of low-dose, controlled-release, phentermine plus topiramate combination on weight and associated comorbidities in overweight and obese adults (CONQUER): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 377, 1341\u20131352 (2011).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.024927","volume":"95","author":"WT Garvey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garvey, W. T. et al. Two-year sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits with controlled-release phentermine\/topiramate in obese and overweight adults (SEQUEL): a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 extension study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95, 297\u2013308 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR55","volume-title":"FDA","author":"MD Roberts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roberts, M. D. Clinical briefing document: Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting (February 22, 2012). New Drug Application 22580: VI-0521 Qnexa (phentermine\/topiramate). Sponsor: Vivus. FDA https:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/7993\/20170405220351\/https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/EndocrinologicandMetabolicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM292315.pdf (2017)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3612","volume":"23","author":"D Mines","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mines, D. et al. Topiramate use in pregnancy and the birth prevalence of oral clefts. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 23, 1017\u20131025 (2014).","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443120-00001","volume":"43","author":"M Bialer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bialer, M. et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 43, 763\u2013780 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR58","unstructured":"Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate extended-release) package insert https:\/\/www.qsymia.com\/pdf\/prescribing-information.pdf (Vivus, 2014)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0696-z","volume":"18","author":"CM Grilo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grilo, C. M., Reas, D. L. & Mitchell, J. E. Combining pharmacological and psychological treatments for binge eating disorder: current status, limitations, and future directions. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 18, 55 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.10.018","volume":"13","author":"FC Stanford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stanford, F. C. et al. The utility of weight loss medications after bariatric surgery for weight regain or inadequate weight loss: a multi-center study. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 13, 491\u2013500 (2017).","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR61","unstructured":"Topamax (topiramate) package insert https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/020844s041lbl.pdf (Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 2009)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1006\/ebeh.2001.0285","volume":"2","author":"LM Ojemann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ojemann, L. M. et al. Language disturbances as side effects of topiramate and zonisamide therapy. Epilepsy Behav. 2, 579\u2013584 (2001).","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR63","unstructured":"Belviq (lorcaserin HCl) package insert https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/022529lbl.pdf (Arena Pharmaceuticals, 2012)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.133348","volume":"325","author":"WJ Thomsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomsen, W. J. et al. Lorcaserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C agonist: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325, 577\u2013587 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.09.003","volume":"97","author":"DD Lam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lam, D. D., Garfield, A. S., Marston, O. J., Shaw, J. & Heisler, L. K. Brain serotonin system in the coordination of food intake and body weight. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 97, 84\u201391 (2010).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00214.x","volume":"3","author":"JE Blundell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blundell, J. E., Lawton, C. L. & Halford, J. C. Serotonin, eating behavior, and fat intake. Obes. Res. 3 (Suppl. 4), 471S\u2013476S (1995).","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1256","volume":"96","author":"MC Fidler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fidler, M. C. et al. A one-year randomized trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in obese and overweight adults: the BLOSSOM trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 3067\u20133077 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909809","volume":"363","author":"SR Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith, S. R. et al. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 245\u2013256 (2010).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.66","volume":"20","author":"PM O'Neil","year":"2012","unstructured":"O'Neil, P. M. et al. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of lorcaserin for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the BLOOM-DM study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 20, 1426\u20131436 (2012).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1159\/000125597","volume":"52","author":"MJ Kelly","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kelly, M. J., Loose, M. D. & Ronnekleiv, O. K. Opioids hyperpolarize beta-endorphin neurons via mu-receptor activation of a potassium conductance. Neuroendocrinology 52, 268\u2013275 (1990).","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.461","volume":"17","author":"FL Greenway","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenway, F. L. et al. Rational design of a combination medication for the treatment of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17, 30\u201339 (2009).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.15.79","volume":"12","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M. Naltrexone\/bupropion for the treatment of obesity and obesity with type 2 diabetes. Future Cardiol. 12, 129\u2013138 (2016).","journal-title":"Future Cardiol."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.142","volume":"10","author":"AK Jain","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jain, A. K. et al. Bupropion SR versus placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. Obes. Res. 10, 1049\u20131056 (2002).","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60888-4","volume":"376","author":"FL Greenway","year":"2010","unstructured":"Greenway, F. L. et al. Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 376, 595\u2013605 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20309","volume":"21","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Apovian, C. M. et al. A randomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II). Obesity (Silver Spring) 21, 935\u2013943 (2013).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.147","volume":"19","author":"TA Wadden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wadden, T. A. et al. Weight loss with naltrexone SR\/bupropion SR combination therapy as an adjunct to behavior modification: the COR-BMOD trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19, 110\u2013120 (2011).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0234","volume":"36","author":"P Hollander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hollander, P. et al. Effects of naltrexone sustained-release\/bupropion sustained-release combination therapy on body weight and glycemic parameters in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 36, 4022\u20134029 (2013).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR78","unstructured":"Contrave package insert https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/200063s000lbl.pdf (Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 2014)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852915000759","volume":"20","author":"SL McElroy","year":"2015","unstructured":"McElroy, S. L., Guerdjikova, A. I., Mori, N., Munoz, M. R. & Keck, P. E. Overview of the treatment of binge eating disorder. CNS Spectr. 20, 546\u2013556 (2015).","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m08071","volume":"74","author":"MA White","year":"2013","unstructured":"White, M. A. & Grilo, C. M. Bupropion for overweight women with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry 74, 400\u2013406 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00041-6","volume":"26","author":"MR Yeomans","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yeomans, M. R. & Gray, R. W. Opioid peptides and the control of human ingestive behaviour. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 26, 713\u2013728 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.2174\/1872214810666161226162823","volume":"10","author":"A Calderone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calderone, A. et al. Psychopathological behaviour and cognition in morbid obesity. Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov. 10, 112\u2013118 (2016).","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Endocr. Metab. Immune Drug Discov."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61375-1","volume":"374","author":"A Astrup","year":"2009","unstructured":"Astrup, A. et al. Effects of liraglutide in the treatment of obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 374, 1606\u20131616 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.158","volume":"36","author":"A Astrup","year":"2012","unstructured":"Astrup, A. et al. Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. Int. J. Obes. 36, 843\u2013854 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411892","volume":"373","author":"X Pi-Sunyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pi-Sunyer, X. et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in weight management. N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 11\u201322 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","volume":"314","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davies, M. J. et al. Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE Diabetes randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314, 687\u2013699 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.120","volume":"37","author":"TA Wadden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wadden, T. A. et al. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int. J. Obes. 37, 1443\u20131451 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","volume":"389","author":"CW le Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"le Roux, C. W. et al. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 389, 1399\u20131409 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.975205","volume":"14","author":"T Chalmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chalmer, T., Almdal, T. P., Vilsboll, T. & Knop, F. K. Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes \u2014 focus on pancreatitis and pancreas cancer. Exp. Opin. Drug Saf. 14, 171\u2013180 (2015).","journal-title":"Exp. Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12230","volume":"16","author":"D Funch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Funch, D., Gydesen, H., Tornoe, K., Major-Pedersen, A. & Chan, K. A. A prospective, claims-based assessment of the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with liraglutide compared to other antidiabetic drugs. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 16, 273\u2013275 (2014).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR91","unstructured":"Saxenda [package insert]. Liraglutide (rDNA) injection https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/206321Orig1s000lbl.pdf (Novo Nordisk, 2014)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346749","volume":"36","author":"M Gallo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gallo, M. Thyroid safety in patients treated with liraglutide. J. Endocrinol. Investig. 36, 140\u2013145 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1272","volume":"151","author":"L Bjerre Knudsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bjerre Knudsen, L. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists activate rodent thyroid C-cells causing calcitonin release and C-cell proliferation. Endocrinology 151, 1473\u20131486 (2010).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR94","first-page":"5P","volume":"122","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanaka, T. [Therapeutic gene clusters as drug action mechanisms] [Japanese]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 122 (Suppl.) 5P\u20137P (2003).","journal-title":"Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.18097\/PBMC20176302115","volume":"63","author":"DL Maslov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maslov, D. L., Balashova, E. E., Lokhov, P. G. & Archakov, A. I. [Pharmacometabonomics \u2014 the novel way to personalized drug therapy] [Russian]. Biomed. Khim. 63, 115\u2013123 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Khim."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55239","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055239","volume":"8","author":"DE Adkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adkins, D. E. et al. Genotype-based ancestral background consistently predicts efficacy and side effects across treatments in CATIE and STAR*D. PLoS ONE 8, e55239 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000122","volume":"25","author":"D Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. Large-scale candidate gene study to identify genetic risk factors predictive of paliperidone treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 25, 173\u2013185 (2015).","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genomics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.121756","volume":"55","author":"H Brauch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brauch, H., Murdter, T. E., Eichelbaum, M. & Schwab, M. Pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen therapy. Clin. Chem. 55, 1770\u20131782 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR99","unstructured":"Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan & Southern California Permanente Medical Group. CYP2D6 pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen treatment. Technol. Eval. Cent. Assess. Program Exec. Summ. 28, 1\u20134 (2014)."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.14.171","volume":"16","author":"H Zembutsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zembutsu, H. Pharmacogenomics toward personalized tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 16, 287\u2013296 (2015).","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-11-RV-084","volume":"27","author":"K Kiyotani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiyotani, K., Mushiroda, T., Nakamura, Y. & Zembutsu, H. Pharmacogenomics of tamoxifen: roles of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 27, 122\u2013131 (2012).","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR102","first-page":"120","volume":"29","author":"V Hendrick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hendrick, V., Dasher, R., Gitlin, M. & Parsi, M. Minimizing weight gain for patients taking antipsychotic medications: the potential role for early use of metformin. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 29, 120\u2013124 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR103","first-page":"185","volume":"299","author":"RR Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu, R. R. et al. Lifestyle intervention and metformin for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299, 185\u2013193 (2008).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1232","volume":"73","author":"E Anagnostou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anagnostou, E. et al. Metformin for treatment of overweight induced by atypical antipsychotic medication in young people with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 73, 928\u2013937 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.1.43","volume":"293","author":"ML Dansinger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dansinger, M. L., Gleason, J. A., Griffith, J. L., Selker, H. P. & Schaefer, E. J. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. JAMA 293, 43\u201353 (2005).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrendo2017122_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20186","volume":"21","author":"IJ Hatoum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hatoum, I. J. & Kaplan, L. M. Advantages of percent weight loss as a method of reporting weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21, 1519\u20131525 (2013).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2017.122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2017.122","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nrendo.2017.122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2017.122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:35:11Z","timestamp":1750930511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrendo.2017.122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrendo2017122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2017.122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 October 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"G.S. declares no competing interests. C.M.A. has received personal fees from Gelesis, GI Dynamics, Johnson and Johnson, Merck, NovoNordisk, Nutrisystem, Orexigen, Sanofi-Aventis, Scientific Intake, Takeda and Zafgen; grants from Aspire Bariatrics, the Robert C. and Veronica Atkins Foundation, Coherence Lab, Energesis, Gelesis, GI Dynamics, Myos, Orexigen, PCORI, Takeda and Vela Foundation; and other forms of support from Science-Smart. No grant support or external funding was provided to G.S. or C.M.A. for the drafting of this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}