{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:17:06Z","timestamp":1789186626704,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T04:53:51Z","timestamp":1281416031000},"page":"495-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Etiology and diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Erwin J. M.","family":"van Geenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald L.","family":"van der Peet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranav","family":"Bhagirath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J. J.","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco J.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000236727.16370.99","volume":"33","author":"CF Frey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frey, C. F., Zhou, H., Harvey, D. J. & White, R. H. The incidence and case-fatality rates of acute biliary, alcoholic, and idiopathic pancreatitis in California, 1994\u20132001. Pancreas 33, 336\u2013344 (2006).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70076-5","volume":"28","author":"K Mergener","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mergener, K. & Baillie, J. Endoscopic treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis. When and in whom? Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 28, 601\u2013613 (1999).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.239","volume":"46","author":"SK Toh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Toh, S. K., Phillips, S. & Johnson, C. D. A prospective audit against national standards of the presentation and management of acute pancreatitis in the South of England. Gut 46, 239\u2013243 (2000).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpa.0000236733.31617.52","volume":"33","author":"D Yadav","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yadav, D. & Lowenfels, A. B. Trends in the epidemiology of the first attack of acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Pancreas 33, 323\u2013330 (2006).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.03.012","volume":"20","author":"KJ van Erpecum","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Erpecum, K. J. Gallstone disease. Complications of bile-duct stones: acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 20, 1139\u20131152 (2006).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR6","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Surgical Diseases of the Pancreas","author":"JM Howard","year":"1987","unstructured":"Howard, J. M. in Surgical Diseases of the Pancreas 265\u2013283 (Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1987)."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR7","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Lecons de Physiologie Experimentale","author":"C Bernard","year":"1856","unstructured":"Bernard, C. in Lecons de Physiologie Experimentale 278 (J. B. Boiliere, Paris, 1856)."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR8","first-page":"182","volume":"12","author":"EL Opie","year":"1901","unstructured":"Opie, E. L. The aetiology of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 12, 182\u2013188 (1901).","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR9","first-page":"179","volume":"12","author":"WS Halstead","year":"1901","unstructured":"Halstead, W. S. Retrojection of bile into the pancreas, a cause of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 12, 179\u2013181 (1901).","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR10","first-page":"118","volume":"88","author":"JM Acosta","year":"1980","unstructured":"Acosta, J. M., Pellegrini, C. A. & Skinner, D. B. Etiology and pathogenesis of acute biliary pancreatitis. Surgery 88, 118\u2013125 (1980).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR11","first-page":"326","volume":"71","author":"JP Neoptolemos","year":"1989","unstructured":"Neoptolemos, J. P. The theory of 'persisting' common bile duct stones in severe gallstone pancreatitis. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 71, 326\u2013331 (1989).","journal-title":"Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197402282900904","volume":"290","author":"JM Acosta","year":"1974","unstructured":"Acosta, J. M. & Ledesma, C. L. Gallstone migration as a cause of acute pancreatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 290, 484\u2013487 (1974).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072962","volume":"22","author":"MJ Acosta","year":"1977","unstructured":"Acosta, M. J., Rossi, R. & Ledesma, C. L. The usefulness of stool screening for diagnosing cholelithiasis in acute pancreatitis. A description of the technique. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 22, 168\u2013172 (1977).","journal-title":"Am. J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026687632370","volume":"44","author":"AM Kaiser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kaiser, A. M., Saluja, A. K. & Steer, M. L. Repetitive short-term obstructions of the common bile-pancreatic duct induce severe acute pancreatitis in the opossum. Dig. Dis. Sci. 44, 1653\u20131661 (1999).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR15","first-page":"688","volume":"99","author":"N Senninger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Senninger, N., Moody, F. G., Coelho, J. C. & Van Buren, D. H. The role of biliary obstruction in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in the opossum. Surgery 99, 688\u2013693 (1986).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200104000-00008","volume":"233","author":"C Schleicher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schleicher, C., Baas, J. C., Elser, H. & Senninger, N. Reticuloendothelial system blockade promotes progression from mild to severe acute pancreatitis in the opossum. Ann. Surg. 233, 528\u2013536 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000129241","volume":"24","author":"N Senninger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Senninger, N. Bile-induced pancreatitis. Eur. Surg. Res. 24 (Suppl. 1), 68\u201373 (1992).","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR18","first-page":"17","volume":"27","author":"N Senninger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Senninger, N. Functional relation of bile and the pancreas. Z. Gastroenterol. 27 (Suppl. 3), 17\u201318 (1989).","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80142-1","volume":"169","author":"NS Runkel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Runkel, N. S., Rodriguez, L. F. & Moody, F. G. Mechanisms of sepsis in acute pancreatitis in opossums. Am. J. Surg. 169, 227\u2013232 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000128702","volume":"19","author":"JA Pain","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pain, J. A. & Bailey, M. E. Measurement of operative plasma endotoxin levels in jaundiced and non-jaundiced patients. Eur. Surg. Res. 19, 207\u2013216 (1987).","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90021-4","volume":"105","author":"M R\u00fcnzi","year":"1993","unstructured":"R\u00fcnzi, M.  et al. Early ductal decompression prevents the progression of biliary pancreatitis: an experimental study in the opossum. Gastroenterology 105, 157\u2013164 (1993).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR22","first-page":"367","volume":"83","author":"JM Acosta","year":"1978","unstructured":"Acosta, J. M., Rossi, R., Galli, O. M., Pellegrini, C. A. & Skinner, D. B. Early surgery for acute gallstone pancreatitis: evaluation of a systematic approach. Surgery 83, 367\u2013370 (1978).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000194086.22580.92","volume":"243","author":"JM Acosta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Acosta, J. M.  et al. Early ductal decompression versus conservative management for gallstone pancreatitis with ampullary obstruction: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Ann. Surg. 243, 33\u201340 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198109000-00008","volume":"194","author":"HH Stone","year":"1981","unstructured":"Stone, H. H., Fabian, T. C. & Dunlop, W. E. Gallstone pancreatitis: biliary tract pathology in relation to time of operation. Ann. Surg. 194, 305\u2013312 (1981).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90740-4","volume":"2","author":"JP Neoptolemos","year":"1988","unstructured":"Neoptolemos, J. P.  et al. Controlled trial of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic sphincterotomy versus conservative treatment for acute pancreatitis due to gallstones. Lancet 2, 979\u2013983 (1988).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.6.782","volume":"29","author":"C Wilson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wilson, C., Imrie, C. W. & Carter, D. C. Fatal acute pancreatitis. Gut 29, 782\u2013788 (1988).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90626-9","volume":"94","author":"SP Lee","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lee, S. P., Maher, K. & Nicholls, J. F. Origin and fate of biliary sludge. Gastroenterology 94, 170\u2013176 (1988).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260902","volume":"326","author":"SP Lee","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lee, S. P., Nicholls, J. F. & Park, H. Z. Biliary sludge as a cause of acute pancreatitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 589\u2013593 (1992).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-4-290","volume":"114","author":"M Sackmann","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sackmann, M.  et al. The Munich Gallbladder Lithotripsy Study. Results of the first 5 years with 711 patients. Ann. Intern. Med. 114, 290\u2013296 (1991).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00626.x","volume":"85","author":"LE Hammarstr\u00f6m","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hammarstr\u00f6m, L. E., Stridbeck, H. & Ihse, I. Effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy and interval cholecystectomy on late outcome after gallstone pancreatitis. Br. J. Surg. 85, 333\u2013336 (1998).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(94)70255-1","volume":"40","author":"JH Siegel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Siegel, J. H., Veerappan, A., Cohen, S. A. & Kasmin, F. E. Endoscopic sphincterotomy for biliary pancreatitis: an alternative to cholecystectomy in high-risk patients. Gastrointest. Endosc. 40, 573\u2013575 (1994).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199103000-00008","volume":"6","author":"KM Murayama","year":"1991","unstructured":"Murayama, K. M., Drew, J. B., Yokoo, H. & Joehl, R. J. Bile exclusion from the gut exacerbates acute pancreatitis caused by pancreatic duct obstruction in rats. Pancreas 6, 175\u2013181 (1991).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1993.1019","volume":"54","author":"KM Murayama","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murayama, K. M.  et al. Increased circulating cholecystokinin in obstruction-induced acute pancreatitis. I. Bile duct obstruction with and without pancreatic duct obstruction. J. Surg. Res. 54, 126\u2013131 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199804000-00012","volume":"16","author":"K Miyasaka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miyasaka, K. & Funakoshi, A. Luminal feedback regulation, monitor peptide, CCK-releasing peptide, and CCK receptors. Pancreas 16, 277\u2013283 (1998).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2007.06.004","volume":"143","author":"I Samuel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samuel, I. Bile and pancreatic juice exclusion activates acinar stress kinases and exacerbates gallstone pancreatitis. Surgery 143, 434\u2013440 (2008).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.06.066","volume":"135","author":"A Saluja","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saluja, A., Logsdon, C. & Garg, P. Direct versus indirect action of cholecystokinin on human pancreatic acinar cells: is it time for a judgment after a century of trial? Gastroenterology 135, 357\u2013360 (2008).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.026","volume":"135","author":"JA Murphy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murphy, J. A.  et al. Direct activation of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and enzyme secretion by cholecystokinin in human pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 135, 632\u2013641 (2008).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1159\/000080527","volume":"4","author":"I Samuel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Samuel, I., Toriumi, Y., Zaheer, A. & Joehl, R. J. Mechanism of acute pancreatitis exacerbation by enteral bile-pancreatic juice exclusion. Pancreatology 4, 527\u2013532 (2004).","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000084486","volume":"5","author":"I Samuel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Samuel, I., Zaheer, S. & Zaheer, A. Bile-pancreatic juice exclusion increases p38MAPK activation and TNF-\u03b1 production in ligation-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Pancreatology 5, 20\u201326 (2005).","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2006.04.007","volume":"10","author":"I Samuel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Samuel, I., Yorek, M. A., Zaheer, A. & Fisher, R. A. Bile-pancreatic juice exclusion promotes Akt\/NF-\u03baB activation and chemokine production in ligation-induced acute pancreatitis. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 10, 950\u2013959 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800720718","volume":"72","author":"CP Armstrong","year":"1985","unstructured":"Armstrong, C. P., Taylor, T. V., Jeacock, J. & Lucas, S. The biliary tract in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis. Br. J. Surg. 72, 551\u2013555 (1985).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR42","first-page":"20","volume":"157","author":"D Houssin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houssin, D., Castaing, D., Lemoine, J. & Bismuth, H. Microlithiasis of the gallbladder. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 157, 20\u201324 (1983).","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR43","first-page":"252","volume":"164","author":"AM Farinon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Farinon, A. M., Ricci, G. L., Sianesi, M., Percudani, M. & Zanella, E. Physiopathologic role of microlithiasis in gallstone pancreatitis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 164, 252\u2013256 (1987).","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198410000-00009","volume":"200","author":"TR Kelly","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kelly, T. R. Gallstone pancreatitis. Local predisposing factors. Ann. Surg. 200, 479\u2013485 (1984).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440360088009","volume":"157","author":"AK Diehl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diehl, A. K., Holleman, D. R. Jr, Chapman, J. B., Schwesinger, W. H. & Kurtin, W. E. Gallstone size and risk of pancreatitis. Arch. Intern. Med. 157, 1674\u20131678 (1997).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR46","first-page":"343","volume":"47","author":"WH Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim, W. H., Lee, K. J., Yoo, B. M., Kim, J. H. & Kim, M. W. Relation between the risk of gallstone pancreatitis and characteristics of gallstone in Korea. Hepatogastroenterology 47, 343\u2013345 (2000).","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800670103","volume":"67","author":"MJ McMahon","year":"1980","unstructured":"McMahon, M. J. & Shefta, J. R. Physical characteristics of gallstones and the calibre of the cystic duct in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br. J. Surg. 67, 6\u20139 (1980).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00317.x","volume":"100","author":"NG Venneman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Venneman, N. G.  et al. Small gallstones are associated with increased risk of acute pancreatitis: potential benefits of prophylactic cholecystectomy? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100, 2540\u20132550 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20616","volume":"41","author":"NG Venneman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Venneman, N. G.  et al. Small gallstones, preserved gallbladder motility, and fast crystalization are associated with pancreatitis Hepatology 41, 738\u2013746 (2005).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01552-4","volume":"60","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sugiyama, M. & Atomi, Y. Risk factors for acute biliary pancreatitis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 60, 210\u2013212 (2004).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR51","first-page":"401","volume":"44","author":"R Arendt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Arendt, R., Liebe, S. & Erdmann, K. Biliary pancreatitis\u2014pathogenesis, therapy, results. Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med. 44, 401\u2013404 (1989).","journal-title":"Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1053\/bega.1999.0028","volume":"13","author":"R Nitsche","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nitsche, R. & F\u00f6lsch, U. R. Role of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy in acute pancreatitis. Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 13, 331\u2013343 (1999).","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199903000-00019","volume":"11","author":"T Arendt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arendt, T.  et al. Biliary pancreatic reflux-induced acute pancreatitis\u2014myth or possibility? Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11, 329\u2013335 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199311000-00002","volume":"8","author":"RE L\u00fcthen","year":"1993","unstructured":"L\u00fcthen, R. E., Niederau, C. & Grendell, J. H. Effects of bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes on permeability of the pancreatic duct system in rabbits. Pancreas 8, 671\u2013681 (1993).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900084","volume":"20","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nakamura, T., Okada, A., Higaki, J., Tojo, H. & Okamoto, M. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction-associated pancreatitis: an experimental study on the activation of pancreatic phospholipase A2. World J. Surg. 20, 543\u2013550 (1996).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(99)70090-5","volume":"126","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sugiyama, M., Atomi, Y. & Kuroda, A. Pancreatic disorders associated with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction. Surgery 126, 492\u2013497 (1999).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198702000-00003","volume":"205","author":"BA Jones","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jones, B. A., Salsberg, B. B., Mehta, M. H. & Bohnen, J. M. Common pancreaticobiliary channels and their relationship to gallstone size in gallstone pancreatitis. Ann. Surg. 205, 123\u2013125 (1987).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.09.020","volume":"39","author":"T Kamisawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kamisawa, T.  et al. The presence of a common channel and associated pancreaticobiliary diseases: a prospective ERCP study. Dig. Liver Dis. 39, 173\u2013179 (2007).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02924439","volume":"13","author":"G Uomo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Uomo, G., Rabitti, P. G., Laccetti, M. & Visconti, M. Pancreatico-choledochal junction and pancreatic duct system morphology in acute biliary pancreatitis. A prospective study with early ERCP. Int. J. Pancreatol. 13, 187\u2013191 (1993).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pancreatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012816","volume":"22","author":"A Nowak","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nowak, A., Nowakowska-Dutawa, E. & Rybicka, J. Patency of the Santorini duct and acute biliary pancreatitis. A prospective ERCP study. Endoscopy 22, 124\u2013126 (1990).","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR61","first-page":"2196","volume":"50","author":"T Kamisawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kamisawa, T.  et al. Clinical significance of the accessory pancreatic duct. Hepatogastroenterology 50, 2196\u20132198 (2003).","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199706000-00004","volume":"9","author":"T Arendt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arendt, T.  et al. Santorini's duct\u2014risk factor for acute pancreatitis or protective morphologic variant? Experiments in rabbits. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 569\u2013573 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05520.x","volume":"23","author":"A Vonlaufen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vonlaufen, A., Wilson, J. S. & Apte, M. V. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatitis: current opinion. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 23, 1339\u20131348 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1011","volume":"14","author":"V Keim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keim, V. Role of genetic disorders in acute recurrent pancreatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 14, 1011\u20131015 (2008).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f5728c","volume":"20","author":"DA O'Reilly","year":"2008","unstructured":"O'Reilly, D. A.  et al. The SPINK1 N34S variant is associated with acute pancreatitis. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 726\u2013731 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(07)89338-9","volume":"31","author":"F Fein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fein, F., Hermelin, B., Becker, M. C., Felix, S. & Carbonnel, F. Acute recurrent biliary pancreatitis associated with the ABCB4 gene mutation. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 31, 106\u2013109 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02228.x","volume":"95","author":"J Ockenga","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ockenga, J.  et al. Mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene, but not cationic trypsinogen gene, are associated with recurrent or chronic idiopathic pancreatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 95, 2061\u20132067 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000231976","volume":"10","author":"AL Pelletier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pelletier, A. L.  et al. CFTR gene mutation in patients with apparently idiopathic pancreatitis: lack of phenotype\u2013genotype correlation. Pancreatology 10, 158\u2013164 (2010).","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.611","volume":"105","author":"GM Cavestro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cavestro, G. M.  et al. Connections between genetics and clinical data: role of MCP-1, CFTR, and SPINK-1 in the setting of acute, acute recurrent, and chronic pancreatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 199\u2013206 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR70","unstructured":"Sarr, M. G. Revision of the Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis. The Pancreas Club[online], (2008)."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR71","first-page":"463","volume":"94","author":"B Frank","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frank, B. & Gottlieb, K. Amylase normal, lipase elevated: is it pancreatitis? A case series and review of the literature. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94, 463\u2013469 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.4.542","volume":"44","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lankisch, P. G., Burchard-Reckert, S. & Lehnick, D. Underestimation of acute pancreatitis: patients with only a small increase in amylase\/lipase levels can also have or develop severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 44, 542\u2013544 (1999).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR73","first-page":"491","volume":"166","author":"SH Dougherty","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dougherty, S. H., Saltzstein, E. C., Peacock, J. B., Mercer, L. C. & Cano, P. Rapid resolution of high level hyperamylasemia as a guide to clinical diagnosis and timing of surgical treatment in patients with gallstones. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 166, 491\u2013496 (1988).","journal-title":"Surg. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR74","first-page":"1175","volume":"87","author":"G Montalto","year":"1992","unstructured":"Montalto, G.  et al. Serum trypsin in chronic renal failure and transplant patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 87, 1175\u20131179 (1992).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(77)90158-5","volume":"22","author":"AL Warshaw","year":"1977","unstructured":"Warshaw, A. L. & Lee, K. H. Characteristic alterations of serum isoenzymes of amylase in diseases of liver, pancreas, salivary gland, lung, and genitalia. J. Surg. Res. 22, 362\u2013369 (1977).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91610-6","volume":"2","author":"MJ McMahon","year":"1979","unstructured":"McMahon, M. J. & Pickford, I. R. Biochemical prediction of gallstones early in an attack of acute pancreatitis. Lancet 2, 541\u2013543 (1979).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200401000-00017","volume":"38","author":"K Dholakia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dholakia, K., Pitchumoni, C. S. & Agarwal, N. How often are liver function tests normal in acute biliary pancreatitis? J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 38, 81\u201383 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750308","volume":"75","author":"BR Davidson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Davidson, B. R., Neoptolemos, J. P., Leese, T. & Carr-Locke, D. L. Biochemical prediction of gallstones in acute pancreatitis: a prospective study of three systems. Br. J. Surg. 75, 213\u2013215 (1988).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166969","volume":"33","author":"D Stimac","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stimac, D., Lenac, T. & Marusic, Z. A scoring system for early differentiation of the etiology of acute pancreatitis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 33, 209\u2013211 (1998).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR80","first-page":"1863","volume":"89","author":"S Tenner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tenner, S., Dubner, H. & Steinberg, W. Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 89, 1863\u20131866 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:25:2:107","volume":"25","author":"F Grau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Grau, F.  et al. Usefulness of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in the diagnosis of microlithiasis in idiopathic acute pancreatitis. Int. J. Pancreatol. 25, 107\u2013111 (1999).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pancreatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.4.523","volume":"41","author":"SC Kazmierczak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kazmierczak, S. C., Catrou, P. G. & Van, L. F. Enzymatic markers of gallstone-induced pancreatitis identified by ROC curve analysis, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, likelihood ratios, and information theory. Clin. Chem. 41, 523\u2013531 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200303000-00023","volume":"26","author":"BJ Ammori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ammori, B. J., Boreham, B., Lewis, P. & Roberts, S. A. The biochemical detection of biliary etiology of acute pancreatitis on admission: a revisit in the modern era of biliary imaging. Pancreas 26, e32\u2013e35 (2003).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1159\/000086547","volume":"5","author":"P Levy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levy, P.  et al. Diagnostic criteria in predicting a biliary origin of acute pancreatitis in the era of endoscopic ultrasound: multicentre prospective evaluation of 213 patients. Pancreatology 5, 450\u2013456 (2005).","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02580.x","volume":"22","author":"CL Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu, C. L.  et al. Clinico-biochemical prediction of biliary cause of acute pancreatitis in the era of endoscopic ultrasonography. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 22, 423\u2013431 (2005).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2474","volume":"14","author":"TC Schreuder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schreuder, T. C., Verwer, B. J., van Nieuwkerk, C. M. & Mulder, C. J. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview of current insights in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. World J. Gastroenterol. 14, 2474\u20132486 (2008).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR87","unstructured":"Yeo, C. J. Pancreatic pseudocysts, ascites, and fistulas. Curr. Opin. Gen. Surg. 173\u2013178 (1994)."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.01.015","volume":"39","author":"M Arvanitakis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arvanitakis, M.  et al. Staging of severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging\u2014a comparative study. Dig. Liver Dis. 39, 473\u2013482 (2007).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0b013e31802e003c","volume":"34","author":"D Stimac","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stimac, D., Krznaric, Z. I., Radic, M. & Zuvic-Butorac, M. Outcome of the biliary acute pancreatitis is not associated with body mass index. Pancreas 34, 165\u2013166 (2007).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s002610000153","volume":"26","author":"A Piironen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Piironen, A. Severe acute pancreatitis: contrast-enhanced CT and MRI features. Abdom. Imaging 26, 225\u2013233 (2001).","journal-title":"Abdom. Imaging"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(97)80102-X","volume":"52","author":"J Ward","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ward, J., Chalmers, A. G., Guthrie, A. J., Larvin, M. & Robinson, P. J. T2-weighted and dynamic enhanced MRI in acute pancreatitis: comparison with contrast enhanced CT. Clin. Radiol. 52, 109\u2013114 (1997).","journal-title":"Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6321","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i47.6321","volume":"13","author":"MK Rizk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rizk, M. K. & Gerke, H. Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatitis: a review. World J. Gastroenterol. 13, 6321\u20136326 (2007).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.174.2.2296641","volume":"174","author":"EJ Balthazar","year":"1990","unstructured":"Balthazar, E. J., Robinson, D. L., Megibow, A. J. & Ranson, J. H. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 174, 331\u2013336 (1990).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0b013e31802d4136","volume":"34","author":"JJ De Waele","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Waele, J. J.  et al. Extrapancreatic inflammation on abdominal computed tomography as an early predictor of disease severity in acute pancreatitis: evaluation of a new scoring system. Pancreas 34, 185\u2013190 (2007).","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.2.125","volume":"26","author":"AJ Goodman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goodman, A. J., Neoptolemos, J. P., Carr-Locke, D. L., Finlay, D. B. & Fossard, D. P. Detection of gall stones after acute pancreatitis. Gut 26, 125\u2013132 (1985).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710324","volume":"71","author":"JP Neoptolemos","year":"1984","unstructured":"Neoptolemos, J. P. The urgent diagnosis of gallstones in acute pancreatitis: a prospective study of three methods. Br. J. Surg. 71, 230\u2013233 (1984).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(99)70388-3","volume":"49","author":"A Chak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chak, A.  et al. Prospective assessment of the utility of EUS in the evaluation of gallstone pancreatitis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 49, 599\u2013604 (1999).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(98)70069-8","volume":"124","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sugiyama, M. & Atomi, Y. Acute biliary pancreatitis: the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surgery 124, 14\u201321 (1998).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41057.x","volume":"100","author":"JH Moon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moon, J. H.  et al. The detection of bile duct stones in suspected biliary pancreatitis: comparison of MRCP, ERCP, and intraductal US. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100, 1051\u20131057 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000149509.77666.94","volume":"241","author":"MA Makary","year":"2005","unstructured":"Makary, M. A.  et al. The role of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the management of patients with gallstone pancreatitis. Ann. Surg. 241, 119\u2013124 (2005).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-944852","volume":"38","author":"MJ Bruno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruno, M. J. Endoscopic ultrasonography. Endoscopy 38, 1098\u20131105 (2006).","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00619-1","volume":"3","author":"CL Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu, C. L.  et al. Comparison of early endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis: a prospective randomized study. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 3, 1238\u20131244 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32830a9a31","volume":"20","author":"B Stabuc","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stabuc, B.  et al. Acute biliary pancreatitis: detection of common bile duct stones with endoscopic ultrasound. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 1171\u20131175 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.4.7676983","volume":"165","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sugiyama, M., Wada, N., Atomi, Y., Kuroda, A. & Muto, T. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis: value of endoscopic sonography. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 165, 867\u2013872 (1995).","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01457-9","volume":"60","author":"F Tse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tse, F., Barkun, J. S. & Barkun, A. N. The elective evaluation of patients with suspected choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gastrointest. Endosc. 60, 437\u2013448 (2004).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.028","volume":"200","author":"AH Hallal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hallal, A. H.  et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography accurately detects common bile duct stones in resolving gallstone pancreatitis. J. Am. Coll. Surg. 200, 869\u2013875 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-005-1052-6","volume":"13","author":"Y Kimura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kimura, Y.  et al. JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: treatment of gallstone-induced acute pancreatitis. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg. 13, 56\u201360 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR108","volume-title":"Nederlandse Internisten Vereniging","author":"R Ouwendijk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ouwendijk, R. Dutch guidelines on acute pancreatitis [Dutch]. Nederlandse Internisten Vereniging [online], (2005)."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.065","volume":"132","author":"CE Forsmark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forsmark, C. E. & Baillie, J. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 132, 2022\u20132044 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Gut 54 (Suppl. 3), iii1\u2013iii9 (2005).","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.057026"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2010114_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70382-8","volume":"51","author":"CL Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu, C. L., Lo, C. M., Chan, J. K., Poon, R. T. & Fan, S. T. EUS for detection of occult cholelithiasis in patients with idiopathic pancreatitis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 51, 28\u201332 (2000).","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2010.114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2010.114","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2010.114.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T10:06:39Z","timestamp":1650017199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2010.114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrgastro2010114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5045","1759-5053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5045","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2010","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}