{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:29:38Z","timestamp":1793046578188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T04:33:39Z","timestamp":1476246819000},"page":"43-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["The gut microbiota and gastrointestinal surgery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Guyton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Alverdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18614","volume":"313","author":"RP Merkow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Merkow, R. P. et al. Underlying reasons associated with hospital readmission following surgery in the United States. JAMA 313, 483\u2013495 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197709000-00003","volume":"186","author":"JS Clarke","year":"1977","unstructured":"Clarke, J. S. et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce septic complications of colon operations: results of prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study. Ann. Surg. 186, 251\u2013259 (1977).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00974","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00974-15","volume":"6","author":"AM Schubert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schubert, A. M., Sinani, H. & Schloss, P. D. Antibiotic-induced alterations of the murine gut microbiota and subsequent effects on colonization resistance against Clostridium difficile. MBio 6, e00974 (2015).","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.059","volume":"146","author":"RA Britton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Britton, R. A. & Young, V. B. Role of the intestinal microbiota in resistance to colonization by Clostridium difficile. Gastroenterology 146, 1547\u20131553 (2014).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2012.03.003","volume":"10","author":"EA Deitch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deitch, E. A. Gut-origin sepsis: evolution of a concept. Surgeon 10, 350\u2013356 (2012).","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.118870","volume":"31","author":"C Vaishnavi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaishnavi, C. Translocation of gut flora and its role in sepsis. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 31, 334\u2013342 (2013).","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G824","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00070.2014","volume":"307","author":"LC-H Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu, L. C.-H. et al. Enteric dysbiosis promotes antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection: systemic dissemination of resistant and commensal bacteria through epithelial transcytosis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 307, G824\u2013G835 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR8","first-page":"152","volume":"22","author":"G Piton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piton, G. & Capellier, G. Biomarkers of gut barrier failure in the ICU. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 22, 152\u2013160 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Crit. Care"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.05.029","volume":"426","author":"MK Gibson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gibson, M. K., Pesesky, M. W. & Dantas, G. The yin and yang of bacterial resilience in the human gut microbiota. J. Mol. Biol. 426, 3866\u20133876 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403169","volume":"194","author":"M Sassone-Corsi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sassone-Corsi, M. & Raffatellu, M. No vacancy: how beneficial microbes cooperate with immunity to provide colonization resistance to pathogens. J. Immunol. 194, 4081\u20134087 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120238","volume":"33","author":"S Caballero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caballero, S. & Pamer, E. G. Microbiota-mediated inflammation and antimicrobial defense in the intestine. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 33, 227\u2013256 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2608","volume":"14","author":"N Kamada","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamada, N., Chen, G. Y., Inohara, N. & N\u00fa\u00f1ez, G. Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota. Nat. Immunol. 14, 685\u2013690 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042839","volume":"7","author":"M Kasubuchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kasubuchi, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiramatsu, T., Ichimura, A. & Kimura, I. Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation. Nutrients 7, 2839\u20132849 (2015).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.SGE_Macfarlane","volume":"95","author":"GT Macfarlane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Macfarlane, G. T. & Macfarlane, S. Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health. J. AOAC Int. 95, 50\u201360 (2012).","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203716666150630135720","volume":"16","author":"J Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. Interaction between microbes and host intestinal health: modulation by dietary nutrients and gut-brain-endocrine-immune axis. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 16, 592\u2013603 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203716666150630133657","volume":"16","author":"P Fan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fan, P. et al. Metabolites of dietary protein and peptides by intestinal microbes and their impacts on gut. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 16, 646\u2013654 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Protein Pept. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2014.0041","volume":"6","author":"JJ Malago","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malago, J. J. Contribution of microbiota to the intestinal physicochemical barrier. Benef. Microbes 6, 295\u2013311 (2015).","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.10.013","volume":"427","author":"F Schreiber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schreiber, F., Arasteh, J. M. & Lawley, T. D. Pathogen resistance mediated by IL-22 signaling at the epithelial-microbiota interface. J. Mol. Biol. 427, 3676\u20133682 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.004","volume":"10","author":"DR Littman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Littman, D. R. & Pamer, E. G. Role of the commensal microbiota in normal and pathogenic host immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 10, 311\u2013323 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.020","volume":"31","author":"V Gaboriau-Routhiau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gaboriau-Routhiau, V. et al. The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses. Immunity 31, 677\u2013689 (2009).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28279","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028279","volume":"6","author":"IE Mulder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mulder, I. E. et al. Restricting microbial exposure in early life negates the immune benefits associated with gut colonization in environments of high microbial diversity. PLoS ONE 6, e28279 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-79","volume":"7","author":"IE Mulder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mulder, I. E. et al. Environmentally-acquired bacteria influence microbial diversity and natural innate immune responses at gut surfaces. BMC Biol. 7, 79 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.03.003","volume":"29","author":"MC Abt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abt, M. C. & Pamer, E. G. Commensal bacteria mediated defenses against pathogens. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 29, 16\u201322 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3535","volume":"13","author":"CG Buffie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buffie, C. G. & Pamer, E. G. Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13, 790\u2013801 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.02.037","volume":"588","author":"GK Gerber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerber, G. K. The dynamic microbiome. FEBS Lett. 588, 4131\u20134139 (2014).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-7-r89","volume":"15","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David, L. A. et al. Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales. Genome Biol. 15, R89 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254529","volume":"345","author":"S Lax","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lax, S. et al. Longitudinal analysis of microbial interaction between humans and the indoor environment. Science 345, 1048\u20131052 (2014).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12300","volume":"41","author":"V Joshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshi, V. et al. Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem. J. Clin. Periodontol. 41, 1037\u20131047 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12934","volume":"18","author":"L Allais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allais, L. et al. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure induces microbial and inflammatory shifts and mucin changes in the murine gut. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 1352\u20131363 (2015).","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150502","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150502","volume":"11","author":"SC Campbell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Campbell, S. C. et al. The effect of diet and exercise on intestinal integrity and microbial diversity in mice. PLoS ONE 11, e0150502 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","volume":"489","author":"CA Lozupone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lozupone, C. A., Stombaugh, J. I., Gordon, J. I., Jansson, J. K. & Knight, R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 489, 220\u2013230 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129996","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129996","volume":"10","author":"ZM Earley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Earley, Z. M. et al. Burn injury alters the intestinal microbiome and increases gut permeability and bacterial translocation. PLoS ONE 10, e0129996 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.10.019","volume":"41","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimizu, K. et al. Gut microbiota and environment in patients with major burns \u2013 a preliminary report. Burns 41, e28\u2013e33 (2015).","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2012.09.017","volume":"39","author":"P Krishnan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Frew, Q., Green, A., Martin, R. & Dziewulski, P. Cause of death and correlation with autopsy findings in burns patients. Burns 39, 583\u2013588 (2013).","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1418-8","volume":"56","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shimizu, K. et al. Altered gut flora are associated with septic complications and death in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dig. Dis. Sci. 56, 1171\u20131177 (2011).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-35","volume":"2","author":"BD Shogan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shogan, B. D. et al. Intestinal anastomotic injury alters spatially defined microbiome composition and function. Microbiome 2, 35 (2014).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-014-2631-0","volume":"19","author":"J Sommovilla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommovilla, J. et al. Small bowel resection induces long-term changes in the enteric microbiota of mice. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 19, 56\u201364 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17187","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904847106","volume":"106","author":"AL Hartman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hartman, A. L. et al. Human gut microbiome adopts an alternative state following small bowel transplantation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 17187\u201317192 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3182940cb8","volume":"39","author":"F Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, F. et al. Temporal variations of the ileal microbiota in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Shock 39, 96\u2013103 (2013).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042027","volume":"7","author":"F Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, F., Li, Q., Wang, C., Tang, C. & Li, J. Dynamic alteration of the colonic microbiota in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS ONE 7, e42027 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512004308","volume":"109","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Bifidobacteria may be beneficial to intestinal microbiota and reduction of bacterial translocation in mice following ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Br. J. Nutr. 109, 1990\u20131998 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.07.014","volume":"184","author":"E Perez-Chanona","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez-Chanona, E., M\u00fchlbauer, M. & Jobin, C. The microbiota protects against ischemia\/reperfusion-induced intestinal injury through nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) signaling. Am. J. Pathol. 184, 2965\u20132975 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.11.008","volume":"20","author":"A Zarrinpar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., Yooseph, S. & Panda, S. Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome. Cell Metab. 20, 1006\u20131017 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307240","volume":"64","author":"J Jalanka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jalanka, J. et al. Effects of bowel cleansing on the intestinal microbiota. Gut 64, 1562\u20131568 (2015).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01520-08","volume":"77","author":"DA Antonopoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Antonopoulos, D. A. et al. Reproducible community dynamics of the gastrointestinal microbiota following antibiotic perturbation. Infect. Immun. 77, 2367\u20132375 (2009).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.27128","volume":"5","author":"M Ferrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferrer, M., Martins dos Santos, V. A. P., Ott, S. J. & Moya, A. Gut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy: a multi-omic approach. Gut Microbes 5, 64\u201370 (2014).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.05.003","volume":"33","author":"C Ubeda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ubeda, C. & Pamer, E. G. Antibiotics, microbiota, and immune defense. Trends Immunol. 33, 459\u2013466 (2012).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR48","first-page":"CD001544","volume":"9","author":"KF G\u00fcenaga","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00fcenaga, K. F., Matos, D. & Wille-J\u00f8rgensen, P. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 9, CD001544 (2011).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR49","first-page":"CD001181","volume":"5","author":"RL Nelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nelson, R. L., Gladman, E. & Barbateskovic, M. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 5, CD001181 (2014).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fiw085","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiw085","volume":"92","author":"AC Kasiraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kasiraj, A. C. et al. The effects of feeding and withholding food on the canine small intestinal microbiota. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 92, fiw085 (2016).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR51","first-page":"574","volume":"15","author":"Y Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Wu, C., Zhang, X., Ou, W. & Huang, P. Clinical study of different bowel preparations on changes of gut flora in patients undergoing colorectal resection [Chinese]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 15, 574\u2013577 (2012).","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658812","volume":"14","author":"MB Smith","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smith, M. B. et al. Suppression of the human mucosal-related colonic microflora with prophylactic parenteral and\/or oral antibiotics. World J. Surg. 14, 636\u2013641 (1990).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182a26719","volume":"48","author":"W Huipeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huipeng, W., Lifeng, G., Chuang, G., Jiaying, Z. & Yuankun, C. The differences in colonic mucosal microbiota between normal individual and colon cancer patients by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 48, 138\u2013144 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2691.1","volume":"177","author":"V Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam, V. et al. Intestinal microbiota as novel biomarkers of prior radiation exposure. Radiat. Res. 177, 573\u2013583 (2012).","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.01.004","volume":"33","author":"YS Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, Y. S., Kim, J. & Park, S.-J. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals alterations of mouse intestinal microbiota after radiotherapy. Anaerobe 33, 1\u20137 (2015).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13302","volume":"42","author":"E Montassier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montassier, E. et al. Chemotherapy-driven dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiome. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 42, 515\u2013528 (2015).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3610","volume":"13","author":"RF Schwabe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwabe, R. F. & Jobin, C. The microbiome and cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 13, 800\u2013812 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang, Y. et al. Administration of probiotic mixture DM#1 ameliorated 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in rats. Nutrition http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2016.05.003 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.05.003"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240527","volume":"342","author":"N Iida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iida, N. et al. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science 342, 967\u2013970 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240537","volume":"342","author":"S Viaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viaud, S. et al. The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide. Science 342, 971\u2013976 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00120J","volume":"6","author":"A Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas, A., Tom\u00e9-Carneiro, J., Bellesia, A., Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n, F. A. & Esp\u00edn, J. C. The ellagic acid-derived gut microbiota metabolite, urolithin A, potentiates the anticancer effects of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy on human colon cancer cells. Food Funct. 6, 1460\u20131469 (2015).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1126\/science.350.6261.614","volume":"350","author":"M Leslie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leslie, M. MICROBIOME. Microbes aid cancer drugs. Science 350, 614\u2013615 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12878","volume":"40","author":"Y Touchefeu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Touchefeu, Y. et al. Systematic review: the role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis - current evidence and potential clinical applications. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 40, 409\u2013421 (2014).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18850","volume":"535","author":"JA Gilbert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilbert, J. A. et al. Microbiome-wide association studies link dynamic microbial consortia to disease. Nature 535, 94\u2013103 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8040202","volume":"8","author":"A Woting","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woting, A. & Blaut, M. The intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease. Nutrients 8, 202 (2016).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01176","volume":"6","author":"V Leung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leung, V., Dufour, D. & L\u00e9vesque, C. M. Death and survival in Streptococcus mutans: differing outcomes of a quorum-sensing signaling peptide. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1176 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR67","first-page":"111","volume":"368","author":"N Patenge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patenge, N., Fiedler, T. & Kreikemeyer, B. Common regulators of virulence in streptococci. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 368, 111\u2013153 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00127","volume":"4","author":"JC Jimenez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jimenez, J. C. & Federle, M. J. Quorum sensing in group A Streptococcus. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 4, 127 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112422","volume":"309","author":"L Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu, L. et al. Recognition of host immune activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Science 309, 774\u2013777 (2005).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-4011-3","volume":"61","author":"M Ojima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ojima, M. et al. Metagenomic analysis reveals dynamic changes of whole gut microbiota in the acute phase of intensive care unit patients. Dig. Dis. Sci. 61, 1628\u20131634 (2016).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1649-3","volume":"56","author":"M Hayakawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayakawa, M. et al. Dramatic changes of the gut flora immediately after severe and sudden insults. Dig. Dis. Sci. 56, 2361\u20132365 (2011).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1698-7","volume":"56","author":"J Alcock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alcock, J. Dangerous disappearing act: commensal gut microbiota after acute severe insults. Dig. Dis. Sci. 56, 2212\u20132214 (2011).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0254-x","volume":"25","author":"S Chauv","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chauv, S. et al. Risk of resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile with prolonged systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for central nervous system devices. Neurocrit. Care 25, 128\u2013132 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurocrit. Care"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01361-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01361-14","volume":"5","author":"A Zaborin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zaborin, A. et al. Membership and behavior of ultra-low-diversity pathogen communities present in the gut of humans during prolonged critical illness. mBio 5, e01361-14 (2014).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","volume":"14","author":"GP Donaldson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donaldson, G. P., Lee, S. M. & Mazmanian, S. K. Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14, 20\u201332 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01161.x","volume":"86","author":"M Okada","year":"1999","unstructured":"Okada, M., Bothin, C., Kanazawa, K. & Midtvedt, T. Experimental study of the influence of intestinal flora on the healing of intestinal anastomoses. Br. J. Surg. 86, 961\u2013965 (1999).","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.2015-017","volume":"35","author":"M Mizuta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mizuta, M. et al. Perioperative supplementation with bifidobacteria improves postoperative nutritional recovery, inflammatory response, and fecal microbiota in patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Biosci. Microbiota Food Health 35, 77\u201387 (2016).","journal-title":"Biosci. Microbiota Food Health"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001140","volume":"63","author":"T Okazaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okazaki, T. et al. Intestinal microbiota in pediatric surgical cases administered Bifidobacterium breve: a randomized controlled trial. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 63, 46\u201350 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3460-y","volume":"40","author":"UO Gustafsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gustafsson, U. O., Oppelstrup, H., Thorell, A., Nygren, J. & Ljungqvist, O. Adherence to the ERAS protocol is associated with 5-year survival after colorectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study. World J. Surg. 40, 1741\u20131747 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e3182812842","volume":"56","author":"C-L Zhuang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhuang, C.-L., Ye, X.-Z., Zhang, X.-D., Chen, B.-C. & Yu, Z. Enhanced recovery after surgery programs versus traditional care for colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dis. Colon Rectum 56, 667\u2013678 (2013).","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1772-0","volume":"37","author":"UO Gustafsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gustafsson, U. O. et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society recommendations. World J. Surg. 37, 259\u2013284 (2013).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23S","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114525210","volume":"38","author":"KA Tappenden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tappenden, K. A. Intestinal adaptation following resection. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 38, 23S\u201331S (2014).","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-1166-x","volume":"24","author":"KA Carswell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carswell, K. A. et al. The effect of bariatric surgery on intestinal absorption and transit time. Obes. Surg. 24, 796\u2013805 (2014).","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7493","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047493","volume":"16","author":"Y-J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.-J. et al. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16, 7493\u20137519 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665114001426","volume":"73","author":"E Patterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patterson, E. et al. Gut microbiota, the pharmabiotics they produce and host health. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 73, 477\u2013489 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000336681","volume":"30","author":"HF Hammer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hammer, H. F. Medical complications of bariatric surgery: focus on malabsorption and dumping syndrome. Dig. Dis. 30, 182\u2013186 (2012).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.02.005","volume":"5","author":"ML Heiman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heiman, M. L. & Greenway, F. L. A healthy gastrointestinal microbiome is dependent on dietary diversity. Mol. Metab. 5, 317\u2013320 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.110536","volume":"102","author":"E Gralka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gralka, E. et al. Metabolomic fingerprint of severe obesity is dynamically affected by bariatric surgery in a procedure-dependent manner. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 102, 1313\u20131322 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.12.001","volume":"84","author":"K Sakhaee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sakhaee, K., Poindexter, J. & Aguirre, C. The effects of bariatric surgery on bone and nephrolithiasis. Bone 84, 1\u20138 (2016).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3945\/an.113.004341","volume":"4","author":"N Gletsu-Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gletsu-Miller, N. & Wright, B. N. Mineral malnutrition following bariatric surgery. Adv. Nutr. 4, 506\u2013517 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.02.012","volume":"207","author":"J Lagoo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lagoo, J., Pappas, T. N. & Perez, A. A relic or still relevant: the narrowing role for vagotomy in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Am. J. Surg. 207, 120\u2013126 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.01.001","volume":"21","author":"RJ Seeley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seeley, R. J., Chambers, A. P. & Sandoval, D. A. The role of gut adaptation in the potent effects of multiple bariatric surgeries on obesity and diabetes. Cell Metab. 21, 369\u2013378 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2013.06.008","volume":"119","author":"M Osto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Osto, M. et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in rats alters gut microbiota profile along the intestine. Physiol. Behav. 119, 92\u201396 (2013).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1275","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00185.2014","volume":"307","author":"TA Lutz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lutz, T. A. & Bueter, M. The physiology underlying Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a status report. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 307, R1275\u20131291 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-015-0158-7","volume":"4","author":"S Chakravartty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chakravartty, S., Tassinari, D., Salerno, A., Giorgakis, E. & Rubino, F. What is the mechanism behind weight loss maintenance with gastric bypass? Curr. Obes. Rep. 4, 262\u2013268 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178ra41","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005687","volume":"5","author":"AP Liou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liou, A. P. et al. Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. Sci. Transl Med. 5, 178ra41 (2013).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2007.10.003","volume":"4","author":"SG Houghton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Houghton, S. G., Romero, Y. & Sarr, M. G. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obese patients with Barrett's esophagus: attempts to eliminate duodenogastric reflux. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 4, 1\u20135 (2008).","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.202","volume":"13","author":"RD Naik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naik, R. D., Choksi, Y. A. & Vaezi, M. F. Consequences of bariatric surgery on oesophageal function in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 111\u2013119 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2005.06.006","volume":"10","author":"A Csendes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Csendes, A., Burgos, A. M., Smok, G., Burdiles, P. & Henriquez, A. Effect of gastric bypass on Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia of the cardia in patients with morbid obesity. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 10, 259\u2013264 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12285","volume":"16","author":"I Amir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amir, I., Konikoff, F. M., Oppenheim, M., Gophna, U. & Half, E. E. Gastric microbiota is altered in oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus and further modified by proton pump inhibitors. Environ. Microbiol. 16, 2905\u20132914 (2014).","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000044","volume":"20","author":"L Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, L., Chaudhary, N., Baghdadi, J. & Pei, Z. Microbiome in reflux disorders and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer J. 20, 207\u2013210 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4155-9","volume":"61","author":"EJ Snider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snider, E. J., Freedberg, D. E. & Abrams, J. A. Potential role of the microbiome in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig. Dis. Sci. 61, 2217\u20132225 (2016).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.001","volume":"34","author":"J Baghdadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baghdadi, J., Chaudhary, N., Pei, Z. & Yang, L. Microbiome, innate immunity, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin. Lab. Med. 34, 721\u2013732 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Pilato, V. et al. The esophageal microbiota in health and disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13127 (2016).","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13127"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2015.09.005","volume":"43","author":"AG Neto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neto, A. G., Whitaker, A. & Pei, Z. Microbiome and potential targets for chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Semin. Oncol. 43, 86\u201396 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2014.880420","volume":"14","author":"ML Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones, M. L., Martoni, C. J., Ganopolsky, J. G., Labb\u00e9, A. & Prakash, S. The human microbiome and bile acid metabolism: dysbiosis, dysmetabolism, disease and intervention. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 14, 467\u2013482 (2014).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miyachi, T. et al. Biliopancreatic limb plays an important role in metabolic improvement after duodenal-jejunal bypass in a rat model of diabetes. Surgery http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2015.11.027 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.11.027"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","volume":"110","author":"A Everard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Everard, A. et al. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 9066\u20139071 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7715","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8715","volume":"6","author":"CR Flynn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flynn, C. R. et al. Bile diversion to the distal small intestine has comparable metabolic benefits to bariatric surgery. Nat. Commun. 6, 7715 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1676-9","volume":"25","author":"AT Billeter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Billeter, A. T. et al. Risk of malnutrition, trace metal, and vitamin deficiency post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass \u2014 a prospective study of 20 patients with BMI &lt;35 kg\/m2. Obes. Surg. 25, 2125\u20132134 (2015).","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp151062","volume":"73","author":"CM Bland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bland, C. M. et al. Long-term pharmacotherapy considerations in the bariatric surgery patient. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 73, 1230\u20131242 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i7.2219","volume":"22","author":"E Distrutti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Distrutti, E., Monaldi, L., Ricci, P. & Fiorucci, S. Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: new therapeutic strategies. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 2219\u20132241 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087542","volume":"39","author":"E Husebye","year":"1994","unstructured":"Husebye, E., Hellstr\u00f6m, P. M. & Midtvedt, T. Intestinal microflora stimulates myoelectric activity of rat small intestine by promoting cyclic initiation and aboral propagation of migrating myoelectric complex. Dig. Dis. Sci. 39, 946\u2013956 (1994).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan, C. K. et al. Pre-surgical administration of microbial cell preparation in colorectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. World J. Surg. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-016-3499-9 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3499-9"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70159-7","volume":"10","author":"L Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m, L. et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial. Lancet Oncol. 10, 653\u2013662 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endonu.2014.12.005","volume":"62","author":"A Maestro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maestro, A., Rigla, M. & Caix\u00e0s, A. Does bariatric surgery reduce cancer risk? A review of the literature. Endocrinol. Nutr. 62, 138\u2013143 (2015).","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318288463a","volume":"258","author":"M Derogar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Derogar, M. et al. Increased risk of colorectal cancer after obesity surgery. Ann. Surg. 258, 983\u2013988 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2014.07.016","volume":"28","author":"TE Sweeney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sweeney, T. E. & Morton, J. M. Metabolic surgery: action via hormonal milieu changes, changes in bile acids or gut microbiota? A summary of the literature. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 28, 727\u2013740 (2014).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.115","volume":"39","author":"NC Penney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Penney, N. C., Kinross, J., Newton, R. C. & Purkayastha, S. The role of bile acids in reducing the metabolic complications of obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Int. J. Obes. 39, 1565\u20131574 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20493","volume":"22","author":"P Kant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kant, P. et al. Mucosal biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk do not increase at 6 months following sleeve gastrectomy, unlike gastric bypass. Obesity (Silver Spring) 22, 202\u2013210 (2014).","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-014-0406-0","volume":"16","author":"AM Sheflin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheflin, A. M., Whitney, A. K. & Weir, T. L. Cancer-promoting effects of microbial dysbiosis. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 16, 406 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.465","volume":"114","author":"E Vogtmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vogtmann, E. & Goedert, J. J. Epidemiologic studies of the human microbiome and cancer. Br. J. Cancer 114, 237\u2013242 (2016).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2227-0","volume":"17","author":"BD Shogan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shogan, B. D., Carlisle, E. M., Alverdy, J. C. & Umanskiy, K. Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak? J. Gastrointest. Surg. 17, 1698\u20131707 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.114","volume":"15","author":"BD Shogan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shogan, B. D. et al. Proceedings of the first international summit on intestinal anastomotic leak, Chicago, Illinois, October 4\u20135, 2012. Surg. Infect. 15, 479\u2013489 (2014).","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurgery.2013.413","volume":"148","author":"H Caulfield","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caulfield, H. & Hyman, N. H. Anastomotic leak after low anterior resection: a spectrum of clinical entities. JAMA Surg. 148, 177\u2013182 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Degett, T. H., Andersen, H. S. & G\u00f6genur, I. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for intraoperative assessment of gastrointestinal anastomotic perfusion: a systematic review of clinical trials. Langenbecks Arch. Surg. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00423-016-1400-9 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-016-1400-9"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195505000-00016","volume":"141","author":"I Cohn","year":"1955","unstructured":"Cohn, I. & Rives, J. D. Antibiotic protection of colon anastomoses. Ann. Surg. 141, 707\u2013717 (1955).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.271","volume":"17","author":"DE Fry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fry, D. E. Antimicrobial bowel preparation for elective colon surgery. Surg. Infect. 17, 269\u2013274 (2016).","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.11.2564","volume":"38","author":"HM Schardey","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schardey, H. M. et al. Bacteria: a major pathogenic factor for anastomotic insufficiency. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2564\u20132567 (1994).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044326","volume":"7","author":"AD Olivas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olivas, A. D. et al. Intestinal tissues induce an SNP mutation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that enhances its virulence: possible role in anastomotic leak. PLoS ONE 7, e44326 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.03.008","volume":"147","author":"JB Seal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seal, J. B., Morowitz, M., Zaborina, O., An, G. & Alverdy, J. C. The molecular Koch's postulates and surgical infection: a view forward. Surgery 147, 757\u2013765 (2010).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286ra68","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010658","volume":"7","author":"BD Shogan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shogan, B. D. et al. Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by Enterococcus faecalis contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak. Sci. Transl Med. 7, 286ra68 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21220","volume":"64","author":"R Siegel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siegel, R., DeSantis, C. & Jemal, A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. Cancer J. Clin. 64, 104\u2013117 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wiegering, A. et al. Improved survival of patients with colon cancer detected by screening colonoscopy. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-015-2501-6 (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2501-6"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.35","volume":"11","author":"DK Rex","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rex, D. K. Optimal bowel preparation\u2014a practical guide for clinicians. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11, 419\u2013425 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062815","volume":"8","author":"CL O'Brien","year":"2013","unstructured":"O'Brien, C. L., Allison, G. E., Grimpen, F. & Pavli, P. Impact of colonoscopy bowel preparation on intestinal microbiota. PLoS ONE 8, e62815 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01543","volume":"6","author":"MP Francino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Francino, M. P. Antibiotics and the human gut microbiome: dysbioses and accumulation of resistances. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1543 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.04.003","volume":"22","author":"S Becattini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Becattini, S., Taur, Y. & Pamer, E. G. Antibiotic-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and disease. Trends Mol. Med. 22, 458\u2013478 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0891-x","volume":"13","author":"GA Woodard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Woodard, G. A. et al. Probiotics improve outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a prospective randomized trial. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 13, 1198\u20131204 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR140","first-page":"242","volume":"3","author":"BK Canales","year":"2014","unstructured":"Canales, B. K. & Gonzalez, R. D. Kidney stone risk following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Transl Androl. Urol. 3, 242\u2013249 (2014).","journal-title":"Transl Androl. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2015.07.010","volume":"12","author":"J-C Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, J.-C., Lee, W.-J., Tsou, J.-J., Liu, T.-P. & Tsai, P.-L. Effect of probiotics on postoperative quality of gastric bypass surgeries: a prospective randomized trial. Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis. 12, 57\u201361 (2016).","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.040949","volume":"97","author":"Z-H Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, Z.-H. et al. The effects of perioperative probiotic treatment on serum zonulin concentration and subsequent postoperative infectious complications after colorectal cancer surgery: a double-center and double-blind randomized clinical trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 97, 117\u2013126 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR143","first-page":"56","volume":"29","author":"GE Theodoropoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Theodoropoulos, G. E. et al. Synbiotics and gastrointestinal function-related quality of life after elective colorectal cancer resection. Ann. Gastroenterol. 29, 56\u201362 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3071-z","volume":"39","author":"K Kotzampassi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kotzampassi, K. et al. A four-probiotics regimen reduces postoperative complications after colorectal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. World J. Surg. 39, 2776\u20132783 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001416","volume":"262","author":"RP Kiran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kiran, R. P., Murray, A. C. A., Chiuzan, C., Estrada, D. & Forde, K. Combined preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics significantly reduces surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, and ileus after colorectal surgery. Ann. Surg. 262, 416\u2013425 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.06.002","volume":"155","author":"S Sadahiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sadahiro, S. et al. Comparison between oral antibiotics and probiotics as bowel preparation for elective colon cancer surgery to prevent infection: prospective randomized trial. Surgery 155, 493\u2013503 (2014).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001125","volume":"261","author":"MS Morris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morris, M. S., Graham, L. A., Chu, D. I., Cannon, J. A. & Hawn, M. T. Oral antibiotic bowel preparation significantly reduces surgical site infection rates and readmission rates in elective colorectal surgery. Ann. Surg. 261, 1034\u20131040 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001041","volume":"262","author":"JE Scarborough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scarborough, J. E., Mantyh, C. R., Sun, Z. & Migaly, J. Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation reduces incisional surgical site infection and anastomotic leak rates after elective colorectal resection: an analysis of colectomy-targeted ACS NSQIP. Ann. Surg. 262, 331\u2013337 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-009-0863-3","volume":"25","author":"B Jung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jung, B. et al. Mechanical bowel preparation does not affect the intramucosal bacterial colony count. Int. J. Colorectal Dis. 25, 439\u2013442 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorectal Dis."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0215-5","volume":"49","author":"P Bucher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bucher, P., Gervaz, P., Egger, J.-F., Soravia, C. & Morel, P. Morphologic alterations associated with mechanical bowel preparation before elective colorectal surgery: a randomized trial. Dis. Colon Rectum 49, 109\u2013112 (2006).","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.02.035","volume":"183","author":"V Valuckaite","year":"2013","unstructured":"Valuckaite, V. et al. High molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG 15\u201320) maintains mucosal microbial barrier function during intestinal graft preservation. J. Surg. Res. 183, 869\u2013875 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"BFnrgastro2016139_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02183-13","volume":"58","author":"A Zaborin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zaborin, A. et al. Phosphate-containing polyethylene glycol polymers prevent lethal sepsis by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 58, 966\u2013977 (2014).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2016.139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2016.139","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2016.139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T21:50:54Z","timestamp":1718833854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrgastro.2016.139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrgastro2016139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5045","1759-5053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5045","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2016","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}