{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:46:01Z","timestamp":1791204361172,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T05:39:48Z","timestamp":1229924388000},"page":"156-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":377,"title":["Organophosphorus-degrading bacteria: ecology and industrial applications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Brajesh K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR1","first-page":"65","volume":"91","author":"J Dragun","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dragun, J., Kuffner, A. C. & Schneiter, R. W. Groundwater contamination.1. Transport and transformations of organic chemicals. Chem. Engineer. 91, 65\u201370 (1984).","journal-title":"Chem. Engineer."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR2","unstructured":"Organophosphate (Post note 12). Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology [online] , (1998)."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR3","volume-title":"Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates","author":"B Ballantyne","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ballantyne, B. & Marrs, T. C. Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Organophosphates and Carbamates (Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1992)."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR4","unstructured":"EPA. Review of chlorpyrifos poisoning data. US EPA 1\u201346 (1995)."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2000-0743.ch007","volume":"743","author":"JL Cisar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cisar, J. L. & Snyder, G. H. Fate and management of turfgrass chemicals. ACS Symp. Ser. 743, 106\u2013126 (2000).","journal-title":"ACS Symp. Ser."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6496(03)00253-8","volume":"47","author":"TK Boucard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boucard, T. K., Parry, J., Jones, K. & Semple, K. T. Effects of organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroid sheep dip formulations on protozoan survival and bacterial survival and growth. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 47, 121\u2013127 (2004).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022579416322","volume":"12","author":"T Galloway","year":"2003","unstructured":"Galloway, T. & Handy, R. Immunotoxicity of organophosphorous pesticides. Ecotoxicology 12, 345\u2013363 (2003).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.02.005","volume":"247","author":"S Bird","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bird, S. et al. OpdA, a bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase, prevents lethality in rats after poisoning with highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology 247, 88\u201392 (2008).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1144\/jgs.157.4.859","volume":"157","author":"KV Ragnarsdottir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ragnarsdottir, K. V. Environmental fate and toxicology of organophosphate pesticides. J. Geol. Soc. London 157, 859\u2013876 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Geol. Soc. London"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61202-1","volume":"371","author":"M Eddleston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eddleston, M. et al. Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet 371, 597\u2013607 (2008). This article highlights the difficulties in medical management and inadequacies of current therapies for OP poisoning.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00291-3","volume":"181","author":"M Lotti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lotti, M. Promotion of organophosphate induced delayed polyneuropathy by certain esterase inhibitors. Toxicology 181, 245\u2013248 (2002).","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00018.x","volume":"30","author":"BK Singh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Singh, B. K. & Walker, A. Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 30, 428\u2013471 (2006). This article describes known and possible mechanisms of OP degradation by microorganisms in the environment.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5198","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5198-5206.2003","volume":"69","author":"BK Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh, B. K., Walker, A., Morgan, J. A. W. & Wright, D. J. Effects of soil pH on the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos and isolation of a chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 5198\u20135206 (2003).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7035","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7035-7043.2003","volume":"69","author":"BK Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh, B. K., Walker, A., Morgan, J. A. W. & Wright, D. J. Role of soil pH in the development of enhanced biodegradation of fenamiphos. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 7035\u20137043 (2003).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR15","unstructured":"Price, O. R., Walker, A., Wood, M. & Oliver, M. A. in Proc. XII Symp. Pest. Chem. 73\u201382 (La Goliardica Pavese, Pavia, 2003)."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2005.01.030","volume":"37","author":"BK Singh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singh, B. K., Walker, A. & Wright, D. J. Cross-enhancement of accelerated biodegradation of organophosphorus compounds in soils: dependence on structural similarity of compounds. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37, 1675\u20131682 (2005).","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(03)00059-4","volume":"14","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watanabe, K. & Hamamura, N. Molecular and physiological approaches to understanding the ecology of pollutant degradation. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 14, 289\u2013295 (2003).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1139\/m73-138","volume":"19","author":"N Sethunathan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sethunathan, N. & Yoshida, T. Flavobacterium sp. that degrades diazinon and parathion. Can. J. Microbiol. 19, 873\u2013875 (1973). This is the first report of the isolation of OP-degrading bacteria from the environment. A number of other microorganisms with similar degrading capabilities have since been isolated.","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.44.1.246-249.1982","volume":"44","author":"CM Serdar","year":"1982","unstructured":"Serdar, C. M., Gibson, D. T., Munnecke, D. M. & Lancaster, J. H. Plasmid involvement in parathion hydrolysis by Pseudomonas diminuta. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 246\u2013249 (1982).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2533-2539.2003","volume":"69","author":"D Siddavattam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siddavattam, D., Khajamohiddin, S., Manavathi, B., Pakala, S. B. & Merrick, M. Transposon-like organization of the plasmid-borne organophosphate degradation (opd) gene cluster found in Flavobacterium sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 2533\u20132539 (2003). This study describes the genetic structure of the opd operon in Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551, which was shown to contain a transposon gene.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.7.3371-3376.2002","volume":"68","author":"I Horne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Horne, I., Sutherland, T. D., Harcourt, R. L., Russell, R. J. & Oakeshott, J. G. Identification of an opd (organophosphate degradation) gene in an Agrobacterium isolate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 3371\u20133376 (2002).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6740","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.12.6740-6746.1989","volume":"171","author":"WW Mulbry","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mulbry, W. W. & Karns, J. S. Parathion hydrolase specified by the Flavobacterium opd gene: relationship between the gene and protein. J. Bacteriol. 171, 6740\u20136746 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00314-4","volume":"5","author":"FM Raushel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raushel, F. M. Bacterial detoxification of organophosphate nerve agents. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5, 288\u2013295 (2002). This review describes the origin and mode of action of OPH enzymes and highlights possible mechanisms to improve the efficacy of the enzymes against poor substrates.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(03)00211-8","volume":"222","author":"I Horne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Horne, I., Qiu, X. H., Russell, R. J. & Oakeshott, J. G. The phosphotriesterase gene opdA in Agrobacterium radiobacter p230 is transposable. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 222, 1\u20138 (2003).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/proeng\/gzg013","volume":"16","author":"H Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang, H. et al. Evolution of an organophosphate-degrading enzyme: a comparison of natural and directed evolution. Protein Eng. 16, 135\u2013145 (2003).","journal-title":"Protein Eng."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12215","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603666103","volume":"103","author":"J Gressel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gressel, J. & Levy, A. A. Agriculture: the selector of improbable mutations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 12215\u201312216 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.041171805","volume":"14","author":"M Lynch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lynch, M. Simple evolutionary pathways to complex proteins. Protein Sci. 14, 2217\u20132225 (2005).","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13677","DOI":"10.1021\/bi061268r","volume":"45","author":"L Afriat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Afriat, L., Roodveldt, C., Manco, G. & Tawfik, D. S. The latent promiscuity of newly identified microbial lactonases is linked to a recently diverged phosphotriesterase. Biochemistry 45, 13677\u201313686 (2006). This study postulates that phosphotriesterase evolved from lactonase and provides experimental evidence to support this hypothesis.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108767307097358","volume":"63","author":"M Elias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elias, M. et al. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus phosphotriesterase. Acta Crystallogr. 63, 553\u2013555 (2007).","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.04.022","volume":"379","author":"M Elias","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elias, M. et al. Structural basis for natural lactonase and promiscuous phosphotriesterase activities. J. Mol. Biol. 379, 1017\u20131028 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1482","volume":"37","author":"A Aharoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aharoni, A. et al. The 'evolvability' of promiscuous protein functions. Nature Genet. 37, 73\u201376 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature Genet."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4992","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.14.4992-4999.2005","volume":"187","author":"LM Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen, L. M. et al. The genome of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a model organism of the Crenarchaeota. J. Bacteriol. 187, 4992\u20134999 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.01.007","volume":"89","author":"E Porzio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porzio, E., Merone, L., Mandrich, L., Rossi, M. & Manco, G. A new phosphotriesterase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and its comparison with the homologue from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Biochimie 89, 625\u2013636 (2007).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.08.057","volume":"353","author":"YJ Dong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dong, Y. J. et al. Crystal structure of methyl parathion hydrolase from Pseudomonas sp. WBC-3. J. Mol. Biol. 353, 655\u2013663 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.59.9.3138-3140.1993","volume":"59","author":"T-C Cheng","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cheng, T.-C., Harvey, S. P. & Stroup, A. N. Purification and properties of a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas undina. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 3138\u20133140 (1993).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(99)00058-7","volume":"120","author":"T-C Cheng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cheng, T.-C., DeFrank, J. J. & Rastogi, V. K. Alteromonas prolidase for organophosphorus G-agent decontamination. Chem. Biol. Interact. 120, 455\u2013462 (1999).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-619X(87)90046-1","volume":"18","author":"WW Mulbry","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mulbry, W. W., Kearney, P. C., Nelson, J. O. & Karns, J. S. Physical comparison of parathion hydrolase plasmids from Pseudomonas diminuta and Flavobacterium sp. Plasmid 18, 173\u2013177 (1987).","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10532-005-9018-6","volume":"17","author":"RF Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang, R. F. et al. Cloning of the organophosphorus pesticide hydrolase gene clusters of seven degradative bacteria isolated from a methyl parathion contaminated site and evidence of their horizontal gene transfer. Biodegradation 17, 465\u2013472 (2006).","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.63.3.507-522.1999","volume":"63","author":"CA Liebert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liebert, C. A., Hall, R. M. & Summers, A. O. Transposon Tn21, flagship of the floating genome. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 507\u2013522 (1999).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1235","volume":"3","author":"LS Frost","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frost, L. S., Leplae, R., Summers, A. O. & Toussaint, A. Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 3, 722\u2013732 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9063(199803)52:3<268::AID-PS719>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"52","author":"W Mulbry","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mulbry, W., Ahrens, E. & Karns, J. Use of a field-scale biofilter for the degradation of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos in cattle dip wastes. Pestic. Sci. 52, 268\u2013274 (1998). This is the first report of the successful use of bioremediation for the removal of OP waste on a large scale.","journal-title":"Pestic. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.33.4.626","volume":"33","author":"JS Karns","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karns, J. S., Hapeman, C. J., Mulbry, W. W., Ahrens, E. H. & Shelton, D. R. Biotechnology for the elimination of agrochemical wastes. HortScience 33, 626\u2013631 (1998).","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10251","volume":"78","author":"AW Walker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walker, A. W. & Keasling, J. D. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida for the utilization of parathion as a carbon and energy source. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 78, 715\u2013721 (2002).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-007-9022-x","volume":"136","author":"YZ Zheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zheng, Y. Z., Lan, W. S., Qiao, C. L., Mulchandani, A. & Chen, W. Decontamination of vegetables sprayed with organophosphate pesticides by organophosphorus hydrolase and carboxylesterase (B1). Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 136, 233\u2013241 (2007).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.10.193","volume":"365","author":"XX Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, X. X. et al. Phytodegradation of organophosphorus compounds by transgenic plants expressing a bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 365, 453\u2013458 (2008).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-007-0955-3","volume":"75","author":"JH Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, J. H. et al. Stable and continuous long-term enzymatic reaction using an enzyme\u2013nanofiber composite. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 75, 1301\u20131307 (2007).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1021\/nl034404b","volume":"3","author":"J Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, J. & Grate, J. W. Single-enzyme nanoparticles armored by a nanometer-scale organic\/inorganic network. Nano Lett. 3, 1219\u20131222 (2003).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10781","volume":"84","author":"HF Jia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jia, H. F., Zhu, G. Y. & Wang, P. Catalytic behaviors of enzymes attached to nanoparticles: the effect of particle mobility. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 84, 406\u2013414 (2003).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR49","first-page":"U789","volume":"217","author":"A Mulchandani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mulchandani, A., Mulchandani, P., Kanifar, H. & Chen, W. Direct monitoring of organophosphorus nerve agents by amperometric enzyme biosensor. Abstr. Amer. Chem. Soc. 217, U789\u2013U790 (1999).","journal-title":"Abstr. Amer. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4109(199908)11:12<866::AID-ELAN866>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang, J., Chen, L., Mulchandani, A., Mulchandani, P. & Chen, W. Remote biosensor for in-situ monitoring of organophosphate nerve agents. Electroanalysis 11, 866\u2013869 (1999).","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(02)00666-9","volume":"469","author":"J Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Dual amperometric\u2013potentiometric biosensor detection system for monitoring organophosphorus neurotoxins. Anal. Chim. Acta 469, 197\u2013203 (2002).","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200603761","volume":"19","author":"NY Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu, N. Y. et al. Single-walled carbon nanotube based real-time organophosphate detector. Electroanalysis 19, 616\u2013619 (2007).","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-1987-y","volume":"390","author":"W Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang, W. et al. Application of methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) as a labeling enzyme. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 390, 2133\u20132140 (2008).","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-007-9106-x","volume":"21","author":"TS Pinkerton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pinkerton, T. S., Howard, J. A. & Wild, J. R. Genetically engineered resistance to organophosphate herbicides provides a new scoreable and selectable marker system for transgenic plants. Mol. Breed. 21, 27\u201336 (2008).","journal-title":"Mol. Breed."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.01.022","volume":"151","author":"MA Sogorb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sogorb, M. A., Vilanova, E. & Carrera, V. Future applications of phosphotriesterases in the prophylaxis and treatment of organophosporus insecticide and nerve agent poisonings. Toxicol. Lett. 151, 219\u2013233 (2004).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00543-4","volume":"128","author":"MA Sogorb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sogorb, M. A. & Vilanova, E. Enzymes involved in the detoxification of organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis. Toxicol. Lett. 128, 215\u2013228 (2002).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200322030-00004","volume":"22","author":"P Eyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eyer, P. The role of oximes in management of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Toxicol. Rev. 22, 165\u2013190 (2003).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1998.8620","volume":"156","author":"I Petrikovics","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petrikovics, I. et al. Antagonism of paraoxon intoxication by recombinant phosphotriesterase encapsulated within sterically stabilized liposomes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 156, 56\u201363 (1999).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.11.067","volume":"22","author":"JFS Mann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mann, J. F. S. et al. Optimisation of a lipid based oral delivery system containing A\/Panama influenza haemagglutinin. Vaccine 22, 2425\u20132429 (2004).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13549","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2232479100","volume":"100","author":"LR Hirsch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirsch, L. R. et al. Nanoshell-mediated near-infrared thermal therapy of tumors under magnetic resonance guidance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 13549\u201313554 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(03)00067-3","volume":"14","author":"PD Schloss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schloss, P. D. & Handelsman, J. Biotechnological prospects from metagenomics. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 14, 303\u2013310 (2003). This article provides a good overview of the capability of metagenomics to isolate industrial enzymes from unculturable bacteria.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.06.008","volume":"12","author":"BK Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh, B. K., Millard, P., Whiteley, A. S. & Murrell, J. C. Unravelling rhizosphere\u2013microbial interactions: opportunities and limitations. Trends Microbiol. 12, 386\u2013393 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.3.1289-1297.1999","volume":"65","author":"N Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee, N. et al. Combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and microautoradiography \u2014 a new tool for structure\u2013function analyses in microbial ecology. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 1289\u20131297 (1999).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2001.00214.x","volume":"3","author":"ND Gray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gray, N. D. & Head, I. M. Linking genetic identity and function in communities of uncultured bacteria. Environ. Microbiol. 3, 481\u2013492 (2001).","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/35001054","volume":"403","author":"S Radajewski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Radajewski, S., Ineson, P., Parekh, N. R. & Murrell, J. C. Stable-isotope probing as a tool in microbial ecology. Nature 403, 646\u2013649 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.30","volume":"1","author":"JD Neufeld","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neufeld, J. D., Wagner, M. & Murrell, J. C. Who eats what, where and when? Isotope-labelling experiments are coming of age. ISME J. 1, 103\u2013110 (2007).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2048","volume":"362","author":"M Manefield","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manefield, M. & Whiteley, A. S. Acylated homoserine lactones in the environment: chameleons of bioactivity. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 362, 1235\u20131240 (2007).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"BFnrmicro2050_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26977-0","volume":"150","author":"D Roche","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roche, D. et al. Communications blackout? Do N-acylhomoserine-lactone-degrading enzymes have any role in quorum sensing? Microbiology 150, 2023\u20132028 (2004).","journal-title":"Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrmicro2050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrmicro2050","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrmicro2050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:26:11Z","timestamp":1684470371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrmicro2050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrmicro2050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-1526","1740-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-1526","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]}}}