{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:39:12Z","timestamp":1791405552159,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1266883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2010.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T01:00:07Z","timestamp":1266886807000},"page":"224-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["The role of Toll-like receptors in renal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Gluba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri P.","family":"Mikhailidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Sakowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Rysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/90609","volume":"2","author":"S Akira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Akira, S., Takeda, K. & Kaisho, T. Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat. Immunol. 2, 675\u2013680 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1159\/000115974","volume":"28","author":"K de Groot","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Groot, K. et al. Toll-like receptor 2 and renal allograft function. Am. J. Nephrol. 28, 583\u2013588 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000190","volume":"69","author":"B Schr\u00f6ppel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6ppel, B. & He, J. C. Expression of Toll-like receptors in the kidney: their potential role beyond infection. Kidney Int. 69, 785\u2013787 (2006).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6252","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6252","volume":"178","author":"AA Shigeoka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shigeoka, A. A. et al. TLR2 is constitutively expressed within the kidney and participates in ischemic renal injury through both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. J. Immunol. 178, 6252\u20136258 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","volume":"296","author":"P Matzinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matzinger, P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 296, 301\u2013305 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.13.3325","volume":"19","author":"AO Aliprantis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aliprantis, A. O., Yang, R. B., Weiss, D. S., Godowski, P. & Zychlinsky, A. The apoptotic signaling pathway activated by Toll-like receptor-2. EMBO J. 19, 3325\u20133336 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.02.007","volume":"17","author":"T Kawai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawai, T. & Akira, S. Pathogen recognition with Toll-like receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 338\u2013344 (2005).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393","volume":"12","author":"MP Belvin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Belvin, M. P. & Anderson, K. V. A conserved signaling pathway: the Drosophila toll-dorsal pathway. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 12, 393\u2013416 (1996).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.12.012","volume":"9","author":"C Svanborg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Svanborg, C. et al. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli as a model of host\u2013parasite interaction. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9, 33\u201339 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00829.x","volume":"5","author":"CF Andrade","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andrade, C. F., Waddell, T. K., Keshavjee, S. & Liu, M. Innate immunity and organ transplantation: the potential role of toll-like receptors. Am. J. Transplant. 5, 969\u2013975 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000121781.89599.16","volume":"15","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anders, H. J., Banas, B. & Schlondorff, D. Signaling danger: toll-like receptors and their potential roles in kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 854\u2013867 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.5.2887","volume":"167","author":"ST Smiley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smiley, S. T., King, J. A. & Hancock, W. W. Fibrinogen stimulates macrophage chemokine secretion through Toll-like receptor 4. J. Immunol. 167, 2887\u20132894 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:31:3:207","volume":"31","author":"JD Powell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Powell, J. D. & Horton, M. R. Threat matrix: low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HA) as a danger signal. Immunol. Res. 31, 207\u2013218 (2005).","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094351","volume":"303","author":"D Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang, D. et al. A Toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria. Science 303, 1522\u20131526 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00013-4","volume":"15","author":"S Akira","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akira, S. Mammalian Toll-like receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15, 5\u201311 (2003).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126","volume":"21","author":"K Takeda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeda, K., Kaisho, T. & Akira, S. Toll-like receptors. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 21, 335 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1391","volume":"4","author":"S Akira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akira, S. & Takeda, K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 499\u2013511 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401850","volume":"13","author":"T Kawai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kawai, T. & Akira, S. TLR signaling. Cell Death Different. 13, 816\u2013825 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell Death Different."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.07.005","volume":"28","author":"RP Gomari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gomari, R. P. et al. Regulation of TLR expression, a new perspective for the role of VIP in immunity. Peptides 28, 1825\u20131832 (2007).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206778743484","volume":"12","author":"KJ Ishii","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ishii, K. J., Uematsu, S. & Akira, S. Toll gates for future immunotherapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 4135\u20134142 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2003.11.017","volume":"16","author":"B Beutler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Beutler, B. & Hoffmann, J. Innate immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 1\u20133 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","volume":"413","author":"L Alexopoulou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R. & Flavell, R. A. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 413, 732\u2013738 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","volume":"282","author":"A Poltorak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poltorak, A. et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 282, 2085\u20132088 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/35074106","volume":"410","author":"F Hayashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hayashi, F. et al. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature 410, 1099\u20131103 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/ni758","volume":"3","author":"H Hemmi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hemmi, H. et al. Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 3, 196\u2013200 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0602-499","volume":"3","author":"M Jurk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jurk, M. et al. Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R.-848. Nat. Immunol. 3, 499 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","volume":"408","author":"H Hemmi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hemmi, H. et al. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 408, 740\u2013745 (2000).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13766","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.250476497","volume":"97","author":"A Ozinsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ozinsky, A. et al. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13766\u201313771 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1010","volume":"4","author":"K Hoebe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoebe, K. et al. Up-regulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA occurs by Trif-dependent and Trif-independent pathways. Nat. Immunol. 4, 1223\u20131229 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00827-9","volume":"110","author":"K Kobayashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kobayashi, K. et al. IRAK-M is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling. Cell 110, 191\u2013202 (2002).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32803fb767","volume":"16","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anders, H. J. & Schl\u00f6ndorff, H. Toll-like receptors: emerging concepts in kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 16, 177\u2013183 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1112","volume":"5","author":"A Iwasaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iwasaki, A. & Medzhitov, R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 5, 987\u2013995 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.9.1028","volume":"162","author":"E Lorenz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lorenz, E., Mira, J. P., Frees, K. L. & Schartz, D. A. Relevance of mutations in the TLR4 receptor in patients with Gram-negative septic shock. Arch. Intern. Med. 162, 1028\u20131032 (2002).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.12.001","volume":"11","author":"J Song","year":"2008","unstructured":"Song, J. & Abraham, S. N. TLR-mediated immune responses in the urinary tract. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 11, 66\u201373 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4717","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.4717","volume":"178","author":"E Andersen-Nissen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersen-Nissen, E. et al. Cutting edge: Tlr5\u2212\/\u2212 mice are more susceptible to Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. J. Immunol. 178, 4717\u20134720 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.46.3.839-844.1984","volume":"46","author":"L Hagberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hagberg, L. et al. Difference in susceptibility to gram-negative urinary tract infection between C3H\/HeJ and C3H\/HeN mice. Infect. Immun. 46, 839\u2013844 (1984).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.1148","volume":"166","author":"JD Schilling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schilling, J. D., Mulvey, M. A., Vincent, C. D., Lorenz, R. G. & Hultgren, S. J. Bacterial invasion augments epithelial cytokine responses to Escherichia coli through a lipopolysaccharide-dependent mechanism. J. Immunol. 166, 1148\u20131155 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1086\/518893","volume":"196","author":"B Ragnarsdottir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ragnarsdottir, B. et al. Reduced toll-like receptor 4 expression in children with asymptomatic bacteriuria. J. Infect. Dis. 196, 475\u2013484 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1572","volume":"13","author":"BL Bishop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bishop, B. L. et al. Cyclic AMP-regulated exocytosis of Escherichia coli from infected bladder epithelial cells. Nat. Med. 13, 625\u2013630 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.05.007","volume":"1","author":"J Song","year":"2007","unstructured":"Song, J., Bishop, B. L., Li, G., Duncan, M. J. & Abraham, S. N. TLR4 initiated and cAMP mediated abrogation of bacterial invasion of the bladder. Cell Host Microbe 1, 287\u2013298 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.015","volume":"124","author":"S Akira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akira, S., Uematsu, S. & Takeuchi, O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124, 783\u2013801 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030060","volume":"3","author":"J Song","year":"2007","unstructured":"Song, J. et al. A novel TLR4-mediated signaling pathway leading to IL-6 responses in human bladder epithelial cells., PLoS Pathog. 3, e60 (2007).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44109-7","volume":"137","author":"DP Mikhailidis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mikhailidis, D. P., Jeremy, J. Y. & Dandona, P. Urinary bladder prostanoids--their synthesis, function and possible role in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. J. Urol. 137, 577\u2013582 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.005199","volume":"66","author":"YJ Chang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chang, Y. J. et al. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression in human gastric epithelial cells by Helicobacter pylori Involves TLR2\/TLR9 and c-Src-dependent nuclear factor-\u03baB activation. Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 1465\u20131477 (2004).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1187","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00217.2007","volume":"293","author":"TM El-Achkar","year":"2007","unstructured":"El-Achkar, T. M., Plotkin, Z., Marcic, B. & Dagher, P. C. Sepsis induces an increase in thick ascending limb Cox-2 that is TLR4 dependent. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 293, F1187\u2013F1196 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00878.x","volume":"18","author":"S Mrabet-Dahbi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mrabet-Dahbi, S., Metz, M., Dudeck, A., Zuberbier, T. & Maurer, M. Murine mast cells secrete a unique profile of cytokines and prostaglandins in response to distinct TLR2 ligands. Exp. Dermatol. 18, 437\u2013444 (2009).","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22832","volume":"115","author":"JC Leemans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leemans, J. C. et al. Renal-associated TLR2 mediates ischemia\/reperfusion injury in the kidney. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2894\u20132903 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032401","volume":"351","author":"RW Schrier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schrier, R. W. & Wang, W. Acute renal failure and sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 159\u2013169 (2004).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR49","first-page":"444","volume":"20","author":"J Rysz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rysz, J. et al. Serum matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in diabetic nephropathy. J. Nephrol. 20, 444\u2013452 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrneph201016_CR50","first-page":"118","volume":"31","author":"JE Scherberich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scherberich, J. E. & Hartinger, A. Impact of Toll-like receptor signalling on urinary tract infection. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 31 (Suppl. 1), 118 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535149","volume":"36","author":"H Fischer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fischer, H., Yamamoto, M., Akira, S., Beutler, B. & Svanborg, C. Mechanism of pathogen-specific TLR4 activation in the mucosa: fimbriae, recognition receptors and adaptor protein selection. Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 267\u2013277 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4773","volume":"177","author":"C Chassin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chassin, C. et al. Renal collecting duct epithelial cells react to pyelonephritis-associated Escherichia coli by activating distinct TLR4-dependent and -independent inflammatory pathways. J. Immun. 177, 4773\u20134784 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00729.x","volume":"68","author":"PS Patole","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patole, P. S. et al. Toll-like receptor-4: renal cells and bone marrow cells signal for neutrophil recruitment during pyelonephritis. Kidney Int. 68, 2582\u20132587 (2005).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01182.x","volume":"10","author":"K Melican","year":"2008","unstructured":"Melican, K. et al. Bacterial infection-mediated mucosal signaling induces local renal ischaemia as a defence against sepsis. Cell. Microbiol. 10, 1987\u20131998 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.1","volume":"21","author":"RW Farr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Farr, R. W. Leptospirosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 21, 1\u20136 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/86354","volume":"2","author":"C Werts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Werts, C. et al. Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. Nat. Immunol. 2, 346\u2013352 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000119","volume":"69","author":"CW Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang, C. W. et al. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates early inflammation by leptospiral outer membrane proteins in proximal tubule cells. Kidney Int. 69, 815\u2013822 (2006).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-20","volume":"2","author":"J Lehmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lehmann, J. et al. Expression of human beta-defensins 1 and 2 in kidneys with chronic bacterial infection. BMC Infect. Dis. 2, 20 (2002).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.887-895.2006","volume":"74","author":"S Viriyakosol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viriyakosol, S., Matthias, M. A., Swancutt, M. A., Kirkland, T. N. & Vinetz, J. M. Toll-like receptor 4 protects against lethal Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection and contributes to in vivo control of leptospiral burden. Infect. Immun. 74, 887\u2013895 (2006).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00544.x","volume":"56","author":"S Segerer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Segerer, S., Mack, M., Regele, H., Kerjaschki, D. & Schl\u00f6ndorff, D. Expression of the C-C chemokine receptor 5 in human kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 56, 52\u201364 (1999).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1159\/000186651","volume":"59","author":"AB Groenveld","year":"1991","unstructured":"Groenveld, A. B., Tran, D. D., van der Meulen, J., Nauta, J. J. & Thijs, L. G. Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit: predisposing, complicating factors and outcome. Nephron 59, 602\u2013610 (1991).","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027256","volume":"11","author":"H Neveu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neveu, H., Kleinknecht, D., Brivet, F., Loirat, P. & Landais, P. Prognostic factors in acute renal failure due to sepsis: results of a prospective multicentre study. Nephrol. Dial Transplant. 11, 293\u2013299 (1996).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.4.2629","volume":"172","author":"PN Cunningham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cunningham, P. N., Wang, Y., Guo, R., He, G. & Quigg, R. J. Role of Toll-Like receptor 4 in endotoxin-induced acute renal failure. J. Immunol. 172, 2629\u20132635 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5817","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.11.5817","volume":"168","author":"PN Cunningham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cunningham, P. N. et al. Acute renal failure in endotoxemia is caused by TNF acting directly on TNF receptor-1 in kidney. J. Immunol. 168, 5817\u20135823 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-006-0062-y","volume":"12","author":"M Piechota","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piechota, M. et al. N.-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide levels correlate with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in septic patients. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett. 12, 162\u2013175 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.3.1286","volume":"168","author":"TG Wolfs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wolfs, T. G. et al. In vivo expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN- and TNF-mediated up-regulation during inflammation. J. Immunol. 168, 1286\u20131293 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/41131","volume":"388","author":"R Medzhitov","year":"1997","unstructured":"Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P. & Janeway, C. A. Jr. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388, 394\u2013397 (1997).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/141.1.55","volume":"141","author":"SM Michalek","year":"1980","unstructured":"Michalek, S. M., Moore, R. N., McGhee, J. R., Rosenstreich, D. L. & Mergenhagen, S. E. The primary role of lymphoreticular cells in the mediation of host responses to bacterial endotoxin. J. Infect. Dis. 141, 55\u201363 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075565","volume":"298","author":"A Biragyn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Biragyn, A. et al. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by beta-defensin 2. Science 298, 1025\u20131029 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00401.2004","volume":"289","author":"G Ramesh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ramesh, G. & Reeves, W. B. p38 MAP kinase inhibition ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 289, F166\u2013F174 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00709.x","volume":"63","author":"K Tsuruya","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tsuruya, K. et al. Direct involvement of the receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways in cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell death. Kidney Int. 63, 72\u201382 (2003).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007090982","volume":"19","author":"B Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Ramesh, G., Uematsu, S., Akira, S. & Reeves, W. B. TLR4 signaling mediates inflammation and tissue injury in nephrotoxicity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19, 923\u2013932 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.01.032","volume":"39","author":"MA Cenedeze","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cenedeze, M. A. et al. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 in cisplatin-induced renal injury. Transplant. Proc. 39, 409\u2013411 (2007).","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215606","volume":"110","author":"G Ramesh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ramesh, G. & Reeves, W. B. TNF-\u03b1 mediates chemokine and cytokine expression and renal injury in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 835\u2013842 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F610","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00101.2003","volume":"54","author":"G Ramesh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramesh, G. & Reeves, W. B. TNFR2-mediated apoptosis and necrosis in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 54, F610\u2013F618 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005111167","volume":"17","author":"HJ Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown, H. J., Sacks, S. H. & Robson, M. G. Toll-like receptor 2 agonists exacerbate accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 1931\u20131939 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006060634","volume":"18","author":"HJ Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown, H. J. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 ligation on intrinsic renal cells contributes to the induction of antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis via CXCL1 and CXCL2. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 1732\u20131739 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0646fje","volume":"18","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anders, H. J. et al. Activation of toll-like receptor-9 induces progression of renal disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. FASEB J. 18, 534\u2013536 (2004).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl336","volume":"21","author":"PS Patole","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patole, P. S. et al. Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptors in lupus-like immune complex glomerulonephritis of MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 21, 3062\u20133073 (2006).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309103054","volume":"18","author":"ED Papadimitraki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Papadimitraki, E. D., Tzardi, M., Bertsias, G., Sotsiou, E. & Boumpas, D. T. Glomerular expression of toll-like receptor-9 in lupus nephritis but not in normal kidneys: implications for the amplification of the inflammatory response. Lupus 18, 831\u2013835 (2009).","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21553","volume":"54","author":"X Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu, X. & Peng, S. L. Toll-like receptor 9 signalling protects against murine lupus. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 336\u2013342 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050338","volume":"202","author":"SR Christensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christensen, S. R. et al. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J. Exp. Med. 202, 321\u2013331 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006030263","volume":"17","author":"RD Pawar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pawar, R. D. et al. Ligands to nucleic acid-specific toll-like receptors and the onset of lupus nephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 3365\u20133373 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.07.013","volume":"25","author":"SR Christensen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Christensen, S. R., Shupe, J., Nickerson, K., Kashgarian, M., Flavell, R. A. & Shlomchik, M. J. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 25, 417\u2013428 (2006).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006101162","volume":"18","author":"RD Pawar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pawar, R. D. et al. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) or TLR-7 plus TLR-9 attenuates glomerulonephritis and lung injury in experimental lupus. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 1721\u20131731 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838138","volume":"38","author":"AM Fairhurst","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fairhurst, A. M. et al. Yaa autoimmune phenotypes are conferred by overexpression of TLR7. Eur. J. Immunol. 38, 1971\u20131978 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6880","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6880","volume":"177","author":"B Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. TLR4 up-regulation at protein or gene level is pathogenic for lupus-like autoimmune disease. J. Immunol. 177, 6880\u20136888 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100820","volume":"16","author":"PS Patole","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patole, P. S. et al. Viral souble- stranded RNA aggravates lupus nephritis through Toll-like receptor 3 on glomerular mesangial cells and antigenpresenting cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16, 1326\u20131338 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005070714","volume":"17","author":"RD Pawar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pawar, R. D. et al. Toll-like receptor-7 modulates immune complex glomerulonephritis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 141\u2013149 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000042169.23931.73","volume":"14","author":"HJ Anders","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anders, H. J. et al. Bacterial CpG-DNA aggravates immune complex glomerulonephritis: role of TLR9-mediated expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14, 317\u2013326 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR91","first-page":"370","volume":"168","author":"M Wornle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wornle, M. et al. Novel role of Toll-like receptor 3 in hepatitis C-associated glomerulonephritis. AJP 168, 370\u2013385 (2006).","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.04.004","volume":"29","author":"PS Patole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patole, P. S. et al. Coactivation of Toll-like receptor-3 and -7 in immune complex glomerulonephritis. J. Autoimmun. 29, 52\u201359 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.11.018","volume":"9","author":"E Nogueira.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nogueira. E. et al. Toll-like receptors-related genes in kidney transplant patients with chronic allograft nephropathy and acute rejection. Intern. Immunopharm. 9, 673\u2013676 (2009).","journal-title":"Intern. Immunopharm."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0602-582","volume":"8","author":"JR Pratt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pratt, J. R., Basheer, S. A. & Sacks, S. H. Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection. Nat. Med. 8, 582\u2013587 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803842","volume":"182","author":"L Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. TLR signals promote IL-6\/IL-17-dependent transplant rejection. J. Immun. 182, 6217\u20136225 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immun."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00436.x","volume":"20","author":"SM Palmer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palmer, S. M. et al. Donor polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor-4 influence the development of rejection after renal transplantation. Clin. Transplant. 20, 30\u201336 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317573","volume":"111","author":"DR Goldstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldstein, D. R., Tesar, B. M., Akira, S. & Lakkis, F. G. Critical role of the Toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 1571\u20131578 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000110792.38434.F4","volume":"77","author":"B Samstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Samstein, B., Johnson, G. B. & Platt, J. L. Toll-like receptor-4 and allograft responses. Transplantation 77, 475\u2013477 (2004).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00354.x","volume":"67","author":"D Ducloux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ducloux, D. et al. Relevance of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms in renal transplantation. Kidney Int. 67, 2454\u20132461 (2005).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810169106","volume":"106","author":"B Kr\u00fcger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger, B. et al. Donor Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to ischemia and reperfusion injury following human kidney transplantation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3390\u20133395 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR101","first-page":"2077","volume":"61","author":"M Agrawal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Agrawal, M. & Swartz, R. Acute renal failure. Am. Fam. Physician 61, 2077\u20132088 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199715120-00001","volume":"15","author":"RA Preston","year":"1997","unstructured":"Preston, R. A. & Epstein, M. Ischemic renal disease: an emerging cause of chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease. J. Hypertens. 15, 1365\u20131377 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(96)00015-2","volume":"29","author":"PF Halloran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Halloran, P. F. et al. The \u201cinjury response\u201d: a concept linking nonspecific injury, acute rejection and long-term transplant outcomes. Transplant. Proc. 29, 79\u201381 (1997).","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00932.x","volume":"5","author":"XD Shen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shen, X. D. et al. Toll-like receptor and heme oxygenase-1 signaling in hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Am. J. Transplant. 5, 1793\u20131800 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15028","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200497200","volume":"277","author":"A Asea","year":"2002","unstructured":"Asea, A. et al. Novel signal transduction pathway utilized by extracellular HSP70. Role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15028\u201315034 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220902735833","volume":"13","author":"M Ugurlucan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ugurlucan, M. et al. Aortic stiffness in diabetes mellitus-association with glutamine and heat shock protein 70 expression: a pilot study based on an experimental rodent model. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 13, 267\u2013274 (2009).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220902725149","volume":"13","author":"A Bielecka-Dabrowa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bielecka-Dabrowa, A., Barylski, M., Mikhailidis, D. P., Rysz, J. & Banach, M. HSP 70 and atherosclerosis--protector or activator? Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 13, 307\u2013317 (2009).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7128","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.12.7128","volume":"166","author":"M Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. An essential role of the NF-kappa B\/Toll-like receptor pathway in induction of inflammatory and tissue-repair gene expression by necrotic cells. J. Immunol. 166, 7128\u20137135 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.4.2026","volume":"169","author":"N Tsuboi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tsuboi, N. et al. Roles of Toll-like receptors in C-C chemokine production by renal tubular epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 169, 2026\u20132033 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6974","volume":"104","author":"MA Daemen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daemen, M. A. et al. Inhibition of apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion prevents inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 104, 541\u2013549 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.736","volume":"285","author":"AO Aliprantis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aliprantis, A. O. et al. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll like receptor-2. Science 285, 736\u2013739 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00264.x","volume":"5","author":"K Takeda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeda, K. & Akira, S. Toll receptors and pathogen resistance. Cell. Microbiol. 5, 143\u2013153 (2003).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3596","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003596","volume":"3","author":"WP Pulskens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pulskens, W. P. et al. Toll-like receptor-4 coordinates the innate immune response of the kidney to renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury. PLoS ONE. 3, e3596 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31008","volume":"117","author":"H Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu, H. et al. TLR4 activation mediates kidney ischemia\/reperfusion injury. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 2847\u20132859 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12541","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808376200","volume":"284","author":"SB Mkaddem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mkaddem, S. B. et al. Heat shock protein gp96 interacts with protein phosphatase 5 and controls toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1\/2 in post-hypoxic kidney cells. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 12541\u201312549 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.2823","volume":"169","author":"H Weighardt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weighardt, H. et al. Cutting edge: myeloid differentiation factor 88 deficiency improves resistance against sepsis caused by polymicrobial infection. J. Immunol. 169, 2823\u20132827 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000165","volume":"69","author":"JW Dear","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dear, J. W. et al. Sepsis-induced organ failure is mediated by different pathways in the kidney and liver: acute renal failure is dependent on MyD88 but not renal cell apoptosis. Kidney Int. 69, 832\u2013836 (2006).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1050","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00461.2007","volume":"294","author":"H Yasuda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yasuda, H. et al. Chloroquine and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 protect from sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 294, F1050\u2013F1058 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3154","volume":"171","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsumoto, M. et al. Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 171, 3154\u20133162 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425218","volume":"34","author":"M Rutz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rutz, M. et al. Toll-like receptor 9 binds single-stranded CpG-DNA in a sequence- and pH-dependent manner. Eur. J. Immunol. 34, 2541\u20132550 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2003.12.006","volume":"4","author":"Z Hong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hong, Z. et al. Chloroquine protects mice from challenge with CpG ODN and LPS by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release. Int. Immunopharmacol. 4, 223\u2013234 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1992.01420010084012","volume":"127","author":"W Ertel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ertel, W., Morrison, M. H., Ayala, A. & Chaudry, I. H. Chloroquine attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced immunosuppression and decreases susceptibility to sepsis. Arch. Surg. 127, 70\u201375 (1992).","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119688","volume":"100","author":"SM Levitz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levitz, S. M., Harrison, T. S., Tabuni, A. & Liu, X. Chloroquine induces human mononuclear phagocytes to inhibit and kill Cryptococcus neoformans by a mechanism independent of iron deprivation. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 1640\u20131646 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00268.x","volume":"64","author":"T Miyaji","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miyaji, T. et al. Ethyl pyruvate decreases sepsis-induced acute renal failure and multiple organ damage in aged mice. Kidney Int. 64, 1620\u20131631 (2003).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192222999","volume":"99","author":"L Ulloa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ulloa, L. et al. Ethyl pyruvate prevents lethality in mice with established lethal sepsis and systemic inflammation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 12351\u201312356 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000300","volume":"69","author":"H Yasuda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yasuda, H., Yuen, P. S., Hu, X., Zhou, H. & Star, R. A. Simvastatin improves sepsis-induced mortality and acute kidney injury via renal vascular effects. Kidney Int. 69, 1535\u20131542 (2006).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14541","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14541","volume":"96","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, R. S. et al. Prevention of lymphocyte cell death in sepsis improves survival in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 14541\u201314546 (1999).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7583","volume":"172","author":"U Bommhardt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bommhardt, U. et al. Akt decreases lymphocyte apoptosis and improves survival in sepsis. J. Immunol. 172, 7583\u20137591 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5471","volume":"176","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, R. S. et al. TATBH4 and TAT-Bcl-xL peptides protect against sepsis-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo. J. Immunol. 176, 5471\u20135477 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.557","volume":"177","author":"SJ Schwulst","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwulst, S. J. et al. Agonistic monoclonal antibody against CD40 receptor decreases lymphocyte apoptosis and improves survival in sepsis. J. Immunol. 177, 557\u2013565 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-10-4086","volume":"106","author":"DE Wesche-Soldato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wesche-Soldato, D. E. et al. In vivo delivery of caspase-8 or Fas siRNA improves the survival of septic mice. Blood 106, 2295\u20132301 (2005).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000209533.22941.d0","volume":"25","author":"M Miksa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miksa, M. et al. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes containing milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII attenuate proinflammatory responses in sepsis. Shock 25, 586\u2013593 (2006).","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.415","volume":"50","author":"WM Bennett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bennett, W. M., DeMattos, A., Meyer, M. M., Andoh, T. & Barry, J. M. Chronic cyclosporine nephropathy: the Achilles' heel of immunosuppressive therapy. Kidney Int. 50, 1089\u20131100 (1996).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000258589.39006.94","volume":"83","author":"KO Ahn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ahn, K. O. et al. Influence of angiotensin II on expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and maturation of dendritic cells in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Exp. Transpl. 83, 938\u2013947 (2007).","journal-title":"Exp. Transpl."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409133111103","volume":"311","author":"BD Myers","year":"1984","unstructured":"Myers, B. D., Ross, J., Newton, L., Luetscher, J. & Perlroth, M. Cyclosporine-associated chronic nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 311, 699\u2013705 (1984).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006020184","volume":"17","author":"A Kramer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kramer, A. et al. Induction of glomerular heparanase expression in rats with adriamycin nephropathy is regulated by reactive oxygen species and the renin-angiotensin system. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17, 2513\u20132520 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000085195.38870.44","volume":"42","author":"A Nishiyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nishiyama, A. et al. Role of angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species in cyclosporine A-dependent hypertension. Hypertension 42, 754\u2013760 (2003).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3283050aff","volume":"18","author":"CP Hodgkinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hodgkinson, C. P. & Ye, S. Statins inhibit toll-like receptor 4-mediated lipopolysaccharide signaling and cytokine expression. Pharmacogenet. Genet. 18, 803\u2013813 (2008).","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.12.022","volume":"189","author":"A Niessner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Niessner, A. et al. Simvastatin suppresses endotoxin-induced upregulation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in vivo. Atherosclerosis 189, 408\u2013413 (2006).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000168410.44722.86","volume":"25","author":"H Methe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Methe, H., Kim, J. O., Kofler, S., Nabauer, M. & Weis, M. Statins decrease Toll-like receptor 4 expression and downstream signaling in human CD14+ monocytes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25, 1439\u20131445 (2005).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.9.5284","volume":"176","author":"WR Coward","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coward, W. R., Marei, A., Yang, A., Vasa-Nicotera, M. M. & Chow, S. C. Statin-induced proinflammatory response in mitogen-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the activation of caspase-1 and IL-18 secretion in monocytes. J. Immunol. 176, 5284\u20135292 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1517\/14728220902882130","volume":"13","author":"J Rysz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rysz, J. et al. Nephroprotective and clinical potential of statins in dialyzed patients. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 13, 541\u2013550 (2009).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119812","volume":"100","author":"K Pahan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pahan, K., Sheikh, F. G., Namboodiri, A. M. & Singh, I. Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2671\u20132679 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000202706.70992.95","volume":"98","author":"R Paumelle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paumelle, R. et al. Acute antiinflammatory properties of statins involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha via inhibition of the protein kinase C signaling pathway. Circ. Res. 98, 361\u2013369 (2006).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004111014","volume":"16","author":"A Schwarting","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schwarting, A. et al. Interferon-beta: a therapeutic for autoimmune lupus in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 16, 3264\u20133272 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737815","volume":"37","author":"FJ Barrat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barrat, F. J., Meeker, T., Chan, J. H., Guiducci, C. & Coffman, R. L. Treatment of lupus-prone mice with a dual inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9 leads to reduction of autoantibody production and amelioration of disease symptoms. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 3582\u20133586 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.04.009","volume":"44","author":"O Froy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Froy, O., Hananela, A., Chapnika, N. & Madara, Z. Differential effect of insulin treatment on decreased levels of beta-defensins and Toll-like receptors in diabetic rats. Mol. Immunol. 44, 796\u2013802 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9571-x","volume":"25","author":"CG Leon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leon, C. G., Tory, R., Jia, J., Sivak, O. & Wasan, K. M. Discovery and development of toll-like teceptor 4 (TLR4) antagonists: a new paradigm for treating sepsis and other diseases. Pharm. Res. 25, 1751\u20131761 (2008).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1397.064","volume":"1096","author":"H Bosshart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bosshart, H. & Heinzelmann, M. Targeting bacterial endotoxin: two sides of a coin. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1096, 1\u201317 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrneph201016_CR150","first-page":"S478","volume":"5","author":"F Casiraghi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Casiraghi, F. & Benigni, A. Toll-like receptors in the development of renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch. Med. Sci. 5, S478\u2013S491 (2009).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneph.2010.16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneph.2010.16","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneph.2010.16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:33:43Z","timestamp":1684456423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneph.2010.16"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrneph201016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2010.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5061","1759-507X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5061","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-507X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]]}}}