{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:40:25Z","timestamp":1794220825671,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T10:40:25Z","timestamp":1406630425000},"page":"537-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":498,"title":["Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 and Miller Fisher syndromes\u2014new diagnostic classification"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"name":"the GBS Classification Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Wakerley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Uncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR1","first-page":"1462","volume":"40","author":"G Guillain","year":"1916","unstructured":"Guillain, G., Barr\u00e9, J. A. & Strohl, A. Sur un syndrome de radiculon\u00e9vrite avec hyperalbuminose du liquide c\u00e9phalo-rachidien sans r\u00e9action cellulaire: remarques sur les caract\u00e8res cliniques et graphiques des r\u00e9flexes tendineux [French]. Bull. Mem. Hop. Paris 40, 1462\u20131470 (1916).","journal-title":"Bull. Mem. Hop. Paris"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR2","first-page":"323","volume":"38","author":"G Guillain","year":"1938","unstructured":"Guillain, G. Les polyradiculon\u00e9vrites avec dissociation alumbinocytologique et \u00e1 evolution favorable (syndrome de Guillain et Barr\u00e9) [French]. J. Belge Neurol. Psychiatr. 38, 323\u2013329 (1938).","journal-title":"J. Belge Neurol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195607122550201","volume":"255","author":"M Fisher","year":"1956","unstructured":"Fisher, M. An unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia). N. Engl. J. Med. 255, 57\u201365 (1956).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5032.1384","volume":"1","author":"ER Bickerstaff","year":"1957","unstructured":"Bickerstaff, E. R. Brain-stem encephalitis: further observations on a grave syndrome with benign prognosis. Br. Med. J. 1, 1384\u20131387 (1957).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030628","volume":"3","author":"AK Asbury","year":"1978","unstructured":"Asbury, A. K., Arnason, B. G., Karp, H. R. & McFarlin, D. E. Criteria for diagnosis of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 3, 565\u2013566 (1978).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707","volume":"27","author":"AK Asbury","year":"1990","unstructured":"Asbury, A. K. & Cornblath, D. R. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 27 (Suppl.), S21\u2013S24 (1990).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520110044012","volume":"43","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ropper, A. H. Unusual clinical variants and signs in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Arch. Neurol. 43, 1150\u20131152 (1986).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540190051014","volume":"51","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ropper, A. H. Further regional variants of acute immune polyneuropathy: bifacial weakness or sixth nerve paresis with paresthesias, lumbar polyradiculopathy, and ataxia with pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial weakness. Arch. Neurol. 51, 671\u2013675 (1994).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR9","volume-title":"Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ropper, A. H., Wijdicks, E. F. M. & Truax, B. Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome (F. A. Davis, 1990)."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000052111","volume":"45","author":"FG van der Mech\u00e9","year":"2001","unstructured":"van der Mech\u00e9, F. G. et al. Diagnostic and classification criteria for the Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Eur. Neurol. 45, 133\u2013139 (2001).","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.06.003","volume":"29","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sejvar, J. J. et al. Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and Fisher syndrome: case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 29, 599\u2013612 (2011).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305397","volume":"85","author":"BR Wakerley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wakerley, B. R. & Yuki, N. Pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial variant of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 85, 339\u2013344 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196204000-00001","volume":"21","author":"RB Richter","year":"1962","unstructured":"Richter, R. B. The ataxic form of polyradiculoneuritis (Landry\u2013Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome): clinical and pathologic observations. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 21, 171\u2013184 (1962).","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000244468.22377.6b","volume":"67","author":"K Kimoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kimoto, K. et al. Relationship of bacterial strains to clinical syndromes of Campylobacter-associated neuropathies. Neurology 67, 1837\u20131843 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.9.1121","volume":"57","author":"K Mizoguchi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mizoguchi, K. et al. Two species of antiganglioside antibodies in a patient with a pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial variant of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 57, 1121\u20131123 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1159\/000064963","volume":"48","author":"Y Miura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miura, Y., Susuki, K., Yuki, N., Ayabe, M. & Shoji, H. Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome presenting pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial weakness in the recovery phase. Eur. Neurol. 48, 53\u201354 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq214","volume":"133","author":"H Koike","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koike, H. et al. Clinicopathological features of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy. Brain 133, 2881\u20132896 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6458-x","volume":"259","author":"H Koike","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koike, H. et al. The spectrum of clinicopathological features in pure autonomic neuropathy. J. Neurol. 259, 2067\u20132075 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2013.03.009","volume":"179","author":"K Ohyama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ohyama, K. et al. Autonomic manifestations in acute sensory ataxic neuropathy: a case report. Auton. Neurosci. 179, 155\u2013158 (2013).","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22298","volume":"45","author":"A Uncini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Uncini, A. & Yuki, N. Sensory Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and related disorders: an attempt at systematization. Muscle Nerve 45, 464\u2013470 (2012).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.7.1316","volume":"57","author":"CL Pan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pan, C. L., Yuki, N., Koga, M., Chiang, M. C. & Hsieh, S. T. Acute sensory ataxic neuropathy associated with monospecific anti-GD1b IgG antibody. Neurology 57, 1316\u20131318 (2001).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00420-6","volume":"108","author":"N Yuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yuki, N., Odaka, M. & Hirata, K. Acute ophthalmoparesis (without ataxia) associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody: clinical features. Ophthalmology 108, 196\u2013200 (2001).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq260","volume":"133","author":"N Kokubun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kokubun, N. et al. Conduction block in acute motor axonal neuropathy. Brain 133, 2897\u20132908 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10424","volume":"28","author":"M Arai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arai, M., Susuki, K. & Koga, M. Axonal pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial variant of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome without anti-GT1a IgG antibody. Muscle Nerve 28, 246\u2013250 (2003).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.59","volume":"1","author":"T Nagashima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagashima, T. et al. Paraparetic Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: extending the axonal spectrum. Neurol. Clin. Neurosci. 1, 224\u2013226 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303079","volume":"83","author":"T Umapathi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Umapathi, T., Tan, E. Y., Kokubun, N., Verma, K. & Yuki, N. Non-demyelinating, reversible conduction failure in Fisher syndrome and related disorders. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 83, 941\u2013948 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5254-8","volume":"256","author":"K Susuki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Susuki, K., Koga, M., Hirata, K., Isogai, E. & Yuki, N. A Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant with prominent facial diplegia. J. Neurol. 256, 1899\u20131905 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.03.025","volume":"124","author":"A Uncini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uncini, A., Susuki, K. & Yuki, N. Nodo-paranodopathy: beyond the demyelinating and axonal classification in anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated neuropathies. Clin. Neurophysiol. 124, 1928\u20131934 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302824","volume":"84","author":"N Shahrizaila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shahrizaila, N. & Yuki, N. Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome: anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84, 576\u2013583 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0775-0","volume":"255","author":"M Ito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ito, M. et al. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome form a continuous spectrum: clinical analysis of 581 cases. J. Neurol. 255, 674\u2013682 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.1911","volume":"43","author":"A Chiba","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chiba, A., Kusunoki, S., Obata, H., Machinami, R. & Kanazawa, I. Serum anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: clinical and immunohistochemical studies. Neurology 43, 1911\u20131917 (1993).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3333","volume":"50","author":"JX Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, J. X., Willison, H. J. & Pedrosa-Domellof, F. Immunolocalization of GQ1b and related gangliosides in human extraocular neuromuscular junctions and muscle spindles. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50, 3226\u20133232 (2009).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.222836","volume":"82","author":"M Ito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ito, M., Matsuno, K., Sakumoto, Y., Hirata, K. & Yuki, N. Ataxic Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and acute sensory ataxic neuropathy form a continuous spectrum. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 82, 294\u2013299 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.07.008","volume":"41","author":"G Jindal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jindal, G., Parmar, V. R. & Gupta, V. K. Isolated ptosis as acute ophthalmoplegia without ataxia, positive for anti-GQ1b immunoglobulin G. Pediatr. Neurol. 41, 451\u2013452 (2009).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.5.1515-b","volume":"51","author":"N Yuki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yuki, N., Koga, M. & Hirata, K. Isolated internal ophthalmoplegia associated with immunoglobulin G anti-GQ1b antibody. Neurology 51, 1515\u20131516 (1998).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.9.1851","volume":"54","author":"N Yuki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yuki, N., Susuki, K. & Hirata, K. Ataxic Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome with anti-GQ1b antibody: relation to Miller Fisher syndrome. Neurology 54, 1851\u20131853 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24192","volume":"49","author":"N Yuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuki, N. & Uncini, A. Acute and chronic ataxic neuropathies with disialosyl antibodies: a continuous clinical spectrum and a common pathophysiological mechanism. Muscle Nerve 49, 629\u2013635 (2014).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20875","volume":"37","author":"F Notturno","year":"2008","unstructured":"Notturno, F., Caporale, C. M. & Uncini, A. Acute sensory ataxic neuropathy with antibodies to GD1b and GQ1b gangliosides and prompt recovery. Muscle Nerve 37, 265\u2013268 (2008).","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2395","volume":"44","author":"HJ Willison","year":"1994","unstructured":"Willison, H. J., Almemar, A., Veitch, J. & Thrush, D. Acute ataxic neuropathy with cross-reactive antibodies to GD1b and GD3 gangliosides. Neurology 44, 2395\u20132397 (1994).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.6.767","volume":"72","author":"M Koga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koga, M., Yoshino, H., Morimatsu, M. & Yuki, N. Anti-GT1a IgG in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 72, 767\u2013771 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.10.1519","volume":"64","author":"T Nagashima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagashima, T., Koga, M., Odaka, M., Hirata, K. & Yuki, N. Continuous spectrum of pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial variant of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Arch. Neurol. 64, 1519\u20131523 (2007).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.6.649","volume":"61","author":"CP O'Leary","year":"1996","unstructured":"O'Leary, C. P. et al. Acute oropharyngeal palsy is associated with antibodies to GQ1b and GT1a gangliosides. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 61, 649\u2013651 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200010)48:4<624::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"48","author":"K Ogawara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ogawara, K. et al. Axonal Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: relation to anti-ganglioside antibodies and Campylobacter jejuni infection in Japan. Ann. Neurol. 48, 624\u2013631 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330402","volume":"33","author":"GM McKhann","year":"1993","unstructured":"McKhann, G. M. et al. Acute motor axonal neuropathy: a frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann. Neurol. 33, 333\u2013342 (1993).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6330-4","volume":"259","author":"N Yuki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuki, N. et al. Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with normal or exaggerated tendon reflexes. J. Neurol. 259, 1181\u20131190 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070050014","volume":"50","author":"CE Jackson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jackson, C. E., Barohn, R. J. & Mendell, J. R. Acute paralytic syndrome in three American men: comparison with Chinese cases. Arch. Neurol. 50, 732\u2013735 (1993).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430424","volume":"43","author":"N Yuki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yuki, N. & Hirata, K. Preserved tendon reflexes in Campylobacter neuropathy. Ann. Neurol. 43, 546\u2013547 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00088-6","volume":"199","author":"S Kuwabara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuwabara, S. et al. Hyperreflexia in axonal Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome subsequent to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. J. Neurol. Sci. 199, 89\u201392 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt285","volume":"137","author":"C Fokke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fokke, C. et al. Diagnosis of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and validation of Brighton criteria. Brain 137, 33\u201343 (2014).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.74195","volume":"13","author":"NN Baheti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baheti, N. N., Manuel, D., Shinde, P. D., Radhakrishnan, A. & Nair, M. Hyperreflexic Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol. 13, 305\u2013307 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.11.017","volume":"148","author":"Y Nishimoto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nishimoto, Y., Odaka, M., Hirata, K. & Yuki, N. Usefulness of anti-GQ1b IgG antibody testing in Fisher syndrome compared with cerebrospinal fluid examination. J. Neuroimmunol. 148, 200\u2013205 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.208538","volume":"81","author":"A Uncini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uncini, A., Manzoli, C., Notturno, F. & Capasso, M. Pitfalls in electrodiagnosis of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome subtypes. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 81, 1157\u20131163 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An ad hoc subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Research criteria for diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Neurology 41, 617\u2013618 (1991).","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.617"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joint Task Force of the EFNS and the PNS. European Federation of Neurological Societies\/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society\u2014first revision. J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 15, 1\u20139 (2010).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00245.x"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.179358","volume":"80","author":"YA Rajabally","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rajabally, Y. A., Nicolas, G., Pieret, F., Bouche, P. & Van den Bergh, P. Y. Validity of diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a multicentre European study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 80, 1364\u20131368 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.957","volume":"59","author":"H Ichikawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ichikawa, H. et al. Unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. Neurology 59, 957\u2013958 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-006-0710-z","volume":"27","author":"F Logullo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Logullo, F., Manicone, M., Di Bella, P. & Provinciali, L. Asymmetric Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Neurol. Sci. 27, 355\u2013359 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070139","volume":"247","author":"K Susuki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Susuki, K., Yuki, N., Muramatsu, M. & Hirata, K. Unilateral ophthalmoparesis and limb ataxia associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody. J. Neurol. 247, 652\u2013653 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167549.09664.b8","volume":"65","author":"L Ruts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ruts, L., van Koningsveld, R. & van Doorn, P. A. Distinguishing acute-onset CIDP from Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome with treatment related fluctuations. Neurology 65, 138\u2013140 (2005).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.156463","volume":"80","author":"K Kuitwaard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuitwaard, K., van Koningsveld, R., Ruts, L., Jacobs, B. C. & van Doorn, P. A. Recurrent Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 80, 56\u201359 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01667.x","volume":"126","author":"N Mossberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mossberg, N. et al. The recurrent Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a long-term population-based study. Acta Neurol. Scand. 126, 154\u2013161 (2012).","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204233261706","volume":"326","author":"AH Ropper","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ropper, A. H. The Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 1130\u20131136 (1992).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR63","first-page":"523","volume":"42","author":"T Nagashima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nagashima, T., Odaka, M., Koga, M., Yuki, N. & Hirata, K. A case of pharyngeal\u2013cervical\u2013brachial weakness suggestive of the nosological continuity between acute oropharyngeal palsy [Japanese]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 42, 523\u2013526 (2002).","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4723.77","volume":"2","author":"ER Bickerstaff","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bickerstaff, E. R. & Cloake, P. C. Mesencephalitis and rhombencephalitis. Br. Med. J. 2, 77\u201381 (1951).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg233","volume":"126","author":"M Odaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Odaka, M. et al. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis: clinical features of 62 cases and a subgroup associated with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Brain 126, 2279\u20132290 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304993","volume":"84","author":"BR Wakerley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wakerley, B. R., Soon, D., Chan, Y. C. & Yuki, N. Atypical Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: ataxic hypersomnolence without ophthalmoplegia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84, 1206\u20131207 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.011","volume":"47","author":"JJ Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, J. J. et al. Clinical variants of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome in children. Pediatr. Neurol. 47, 91\u201396 (2012).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR68","first-page":"1251","volume-title":"Adam's and Victor's Principle of Neurology","author":"AH Ropper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ropper, A. H. & Samuels, M. A. Adam's and Victor's Principle of Neurology 9th edn 1251\u20131325 (McGraw\u2013Hill, 2009)."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20663","volume":"28","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sakakibara, R. et al. Prevalence and mechanism of bladder dysfunction in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28, 432\u2013437 (2009).","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"key":"BFnrneurol2014138_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800320028006","volume":"110","author":"N Yanagihara","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yanagihara, N., Mori, H., Kozawa, T., Nakamura, K. & Kita, M. Bell's palsy. Nonrecurrent v recurrent and unilateral v bilateral. Arch. Otolaryngol. 110, 374\u2013377 (1984).","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.190","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412640000000}}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneurol.2014.138.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneurol.2014.138","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneurol.2014.138.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:13:35Z","timestamp":1684455215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrneurol.2014.138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrneurol2014138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.138","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.190","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1759-4758","1759-4766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4758","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2014","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2014","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In Box 1 of the originally published article, Jong Seok Bae should have been included as a member of the GBS Classification Group. Also, in Table 2, the row title 'Bifacial weakness with distal paraesthesias' should have read 'Bifacial weakness with paraesthesias'. These errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}