{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:09:37Z","timestamp":1791407377788,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T09:39:36Z","timestamp":1326188376000},"page":"77-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Etiology of osteoarthritis: genetics and synovial joint development"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Sandell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23176","volume":"58","author":"RC Lawrence","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lawrence, R. C. et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 26\u201335 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.3.351","volume":"84","author":"AA Guccione","year":"1994","unstructured":"Guccione, A. A. et al. The effects of specific medical conditions on the functional limitations of elders in the Framingham Study. Am. J. Public Health 84, 351\u2013358 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7036.940","volume":"312","author":"TD Spector","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spector, T. D., Cicuttini, F., Baker, J., Loughlin, J. & Hart, D. Genetic influences on osteoarthritis in women: a twin study. BMJ 312, 940\u2013943 (1996).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1729::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"42","author":"C Bijkerk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bijkerk, C. et al. Heritabilities of radiologic osteoarthritis in peripheral joints and of disc degeneration of the spine. Arthritis Rheum. 42, 1729\u20131735 (1999).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0078-0","volume":"6","author":"JM Jordan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jordan, J. M., Kraus, V. B. & Hochberg, M. C. Genetics of osteoarthritis. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 6, 7\u201313 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.9.665","volume":"55","author":"FM Cicuttini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cicuttini, F. M. & Spector, T. D. Genetics of osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 55, 665\u2013667 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.10.027","volume":"19","author":"HJ Kerkhof","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerkhof, H. J. et al. Recommendations for standardization and phenotype definitions in genetic studies of osteoarthritis: the TREAT-OA consortium. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 19, 254\u2013264 (2011).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.141473","volume":"70","author":"K Panoutsopoulou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panoutsopoulou, K. et al. Concise report: insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis from stage 1 of the arcOGEN study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 864\u2013867 (2011).","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27574","volume":"62","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Involvement of different risk factors in clinically severe large joint osteoarthritis according to the presence of hand interphalangeal nodes. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 2688\u20132695 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32830aba48","volume":"20","author":"SD Bos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bos, S. D., Slagboom, P. E. & Meulenbelt, I. New insights into osteoarthritis: early developmental features of an ageing-related disease. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 20, 553\u2013559 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1138\/20090377","volume":"6","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. & Spector, T. D. The genetic predisposition to osteoarthritis. IBMS BoneKEy 6, 181\u2013189 (2009).","journal-title":"IBMS BoneKEy"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24524","volume":"60","author":"E Evangelou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evangelou, E. et al. Large-scale analysis of association between GDF5 and FRZB variants and osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and hand. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1710\u20131721 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3291","volume":"13","author":"J Loughlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loughlin, J. Knee osteoarthritis, lumbar-disc degeneration and developmental dysplasia of the hip\u2014an emerging genetic overlap. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, 108 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779940070","volume":"8","author":"T Aigner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aigner, T., Haag, J., Martin, J. & Buckwalter, J. Osteoarthritis: aging of matrix and cells\u2014going for a remedy. Curr. Drug Targets 8, 325\u2013331 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21258","volume":"213","author":"MB Goldring","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goldring, M. B. & Goldring, S. R. Osteoarthritis. J. Cell Physiol. 213, 626\u2013634 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1632::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"41","author":"S Hashimoto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hashimoto, S., Ochs, R. L., Komiya, S. & Lotz, M. Linkage of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 1632\u20131638 (1998).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR17","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis","author":"LJ Sandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sandell, L. J., Hering, T. & Heinegard, D. Cell Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology of Articular Cartilage in Osteoarthritis 4th edn (eds Moskowitz, R. et al.) 73\u2013106 (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2007)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779940142","volume":"8","author":"LJ Sandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sandell, L. J. Anabolic factors in degenerative joint disease. Curr. Drug Targets 8, 359\u2013365 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22041","volume":"54","author":"S Kamekura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kamekura, S. et al. Contribution of runt-related transcription factor 2 to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in mice after induction of knee joint instability. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 2462\u20132470 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR20","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Experimental models of osteoarthritis in Osteoarthritis","author":"M Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, M. & Little, C. B. Experimental models of osteoarthritis in Osteoarthritis 4th edn (eds Moskowitz, R. et al.) 107\u2013125 (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2007)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22982","volume":"56","author":"JS Gregory","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gregory, J. S. et al. Early identification of radiographic osteoarthritis of the hip using an active shape model to quantify changes in bone morphometric features: can hip shape tell us anything about the progression of osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 56, 3634\u20133643 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.02.001","volume":"16","author":"S Reichenbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reichenbach, S. et al. Prevalence of bone attrition on knee radiographs and MRI in a community-based cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16, 1005\u20131010 (2008).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.01.012","volume":"18","author":"WE van Spil","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Spil, W. E., DeGroot, J., Lems, W. F., Oostveen, J. C. & Lafeber, F. P. Serum and urinary biochemical markers for knee and hip-osteoarthritis: a systematic review applying the consensus BIPED criteria. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 18, 605\u2013612 (2010).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.22.4.237","volume":"22","author":"JH Kellgren","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kellgren, J. H., Lawrence, J. S. & Bier, F. Genetic factors in generalized osteo-arthrosis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 22, 237\u2013255 (1963).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198602000-00034","volume":"203","author":"H Lindberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lindberg, H. Prevalence of primary coxarthrosis in siblings of patients with primary coxarthrosis. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 203, 273\u2013275 (1986).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B4.0790660","volume":"79-B","author":"J Chitnavis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chitnavis, J. et al. Genetic influences in end-stage osteoarthritis. Sibling risks of hip and knee replacement for idiopathic osteoarthritis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 79-B, 660\u2013664 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6565","volume":"87","author":"L Ala-Kokko","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ala-Kokko, L., Baldwin, C. T., Moskowitz, R. W. & Prockop, D. J. Single base mutation in the type II procollagen gene (COL2A1) as a cause of primary osteoarthritis associated with a mild chondrodysplasia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6565\u20136568 (1990).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002223220807","volume":"322","author":"RG Knowlton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Knowlton, R. G. et al. Genetic linkage and polymorphism in the type II procollagen gene (COL2A1) to primary osteoarthritis associated with mild chondrodysplasia. N. Eng. J. Med. 322, 526\u2013530 (1990).","journal-title":"N. Eng. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.8.827","volume":"36","author":"DJ Prockop","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prockop, D. J., Ala-Kokko, L., McLain, D. A. & Williams, C. Can mutated genes cause common osteoarthritis? Br. J. Rheumatol. 36, 827\u2013829 (1997).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114994","volume":"87","author":"DR Eyre","year":"1991","unstructured":"Eyre, D. R., Weis, M. A. & Moskowitz, R. W. Cartilage expression of a type II collagen mutation in an inherited form of osteoarthritis associated with a mild chondrodysplasia. J. Clin. Invest. 87, 357\u2013361 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.02.005","volume":"13","author":"E Jakkula","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jakkula, E. et al. The role of sequence variations within the genes encoding collagen II, IX and XI in non-syndromic, early-onset osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 13, 497\u2013507 (2005).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.1380050204","volume":"5","author":"I McIntosh","year":"1995","unstructured":"McIntosh, I., Abbott, M. H. & Francomano, C. A. Concentration of mutations causing Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia in the C-terminal noncollagenous domain of type X collagen. Hum. Mutat. 5, 121\u2013125 (1995).","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00004","volume":"213","author":"WH Harris","year":"1986","unstructured":"Harris, W. H. Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 213, 20\u201333 (1986).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2410::AID-ANR6>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"43","author":"AJ MacGregor","year":"2000","unstructured":"MacGregor, A. J., Antoniades, L., Matson, M., Andrew, T. & Spector, T. D. The genetic contribution to radiographic hip osteoarthritis in women: results of a classic twin study. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 2410\u20132416 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1086\/505088","volume":"79","author":"A Mabuchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mabuchi, A., Nakamura, S., Takatori, Y. & Ikegawa, S. Familial osteoarthritis of the hip joint associated with acetabular dysplasia maps to chromosome 13q. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 79, 163\u2013168 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000096804.78689.c2","volume":"417","author":"R Ganz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ganz, R. et al. Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 417, 112\u2013120 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.04.011","volume":"17","author":"JA Lynch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lynch, J. A., Parimi, N., Chaganti, R. K., Nevitt, M. C. & Lane, N. E. The association of proximal femoral shape and incident radiographic hip OA in elderly women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17, 1313\u20131318 (2009).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<400::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"43","author":"NE Lane","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lane, N. E. et al. Association of mild acetabular dysplasia with an increased risk of incident hip osteoarthritis in elderly white women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 400\u2013404 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23939","volume":"58","author":"M Doherty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doherty, M. et al. Nonspherical femoral head shape (pistol grip deformity), neck shaft angle, and risk of hip osteoarthritis: a case\u2013control study. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 3172\u20133182 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30288","volume":"63","author":"JH Waarsing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waarsing, J. H. et al. Osteoarthritis susceptibility genes influence the association between hip morphology and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 1349\u20131354 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01267","volume":"90","author":"JC Clohisy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clohisy, J. C., Beaule, P. E., O'Malley, A., Safran, M. R. & Schoenecker, P. AOA symposium. Hip disease in the young adult: current concepts of etiology and surgical treatment. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 90, 2267\u20132281 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR42","first-page":"933","volume":"98","author":"RB Salter","year":"1968","unstructured":"Salter, R. B. Etiology, pathogenesis and possible prevention of congenital dislocation of the hip. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 98, 933\u2013945 (1968).","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198712000-00007","volume":"225","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weinstein, S. L. Natural history of congenital hip dislocation (CDH) and hip dysplasia. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 225, 62\u201376 (1987).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR44","first-page":"83","volume":"4","author":"E Cardinal","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cardinal, E. & White, S. J. Imaging pediatric hip disorders and residual dysplasia of adult hips. Curr. Opin. Radiol. 4, 83\u201389 (1992).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Radiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00454694","volume":"104","author":"UE Pazzaglia","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pazzaglia, U. E., Ceciliani, L., Wilkinson, M. J. & Dell'Orbo, C. Involvement of metal particles in loosening of metal-plastic total hip prostheses. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 104, 164\u2013174 (1985).","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197407000-00020","volume":"102","author":"Z Demirjian","year":"1974","unstructured":"Demirjian, Z., Sara, M., Stulberg, D. & Harris, W. H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 102, 174\u2013180 (1974).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0180812","volume":"18","author":"G Murphy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Murphy, G., Hembry, R., Hughes, C. E., Fosang, A. J. & Hardingham, T. E. Role and regulation of metalloproteinases in connective tissue turnover. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18, 812\u2013815 (1990).","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-38-455-810","volume":"38","author":"RO Murray","year":"1965","unstructured":"Murray, R. O. The aetiology of primary osteoarthritis of the hip. Br. J. Radiol. 38, 810\u2013824 (1965).","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199208000-00012","volume":"281","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Weinstein, S. L. Congenital hip dislocation. Long-range problems, residual signs, and symptoms after successful treatment. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 281, 69\u201374 (1992).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R126","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2540","volume":"10","author":"J Dai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dai, J. et al. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in growth differentiate factor 5 with congenital dysplasia of the hip: a case\u2013control study. Arthritis Res. Ther. 10, R126 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.05.018","volume":"18","author":"K Rouault","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rouault, K. et al. Evidence of association between GDF5 polymorphisms and congenital dislocation of the hip in a Caucasian population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 18, 1144\u20131149 (2010).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30169","volume":"63","author":"F Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams, F. et al. GDF5 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs143383 is associated with lumbar disc disease in Northern European women. Arthritis Rheum. 63, 708\u2013712 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21673","volume":"54","author":"NE Lane","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lane, N. E. et al. Frizzled-related protein variants are risk factors for hip osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 1246\u20131254 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3252","volume":"13","author":"D Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi, D. et al. Association of the D repeat polymorphism in the ASPN gene with developmental dysplasia of the hip: a case-control study in Han Chinese. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R27 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-006-0065-6","volume":"51","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jiang, Q. et al. Replication of the association of the aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in the asporin gene with knee-osteoarthritis susceptibility in Han Chinese. J. Hum. Genet. 51, 1068\u20131072 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.12.017","volume":"82","author":"YQ Song","year":"2008","unstructured":"Song, Y. Q. et al. Association of the asporin D14 allele with lumbar-disc degeneration in Asians. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82, 744\u2013747 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1073-6","volume":"468","author":"G Feldman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feldman, G. et al. The Otto Aufranc Award: Identification of a 4\u00a0Mb region on chromosome 17q21 linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip in one 18-member, multigeneration family. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 468, 337\u2013344 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.12.012","volume":"17","author":"K Rouault","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rouault, K. et al. Do HOXB9 and COL1A1 genes play a role in congenital dislocation of the hip? Study in a Caucasian population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17, 1099\u20131105 (2009).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-5751-6-7","volume":"6","author":"B Kapoor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kapoor, B. et al. Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli\u2014a preliminary study. J. Negat. Results Biomed. 6, 7 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Negat. Results Biomed."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0120-z","volume":"466","author":"M Rubini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubini, M., Cavallaro, A., Calzolari, E., Bighetti, G. & Sollazzo, V. Exclusion of COL2A1 and VDR as developmental dysplasia of the hip genes. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 466, 878\u2013883 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.10.1483","volume":"210","author":"T Farquhar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Farquhar, T., Bertram, J., Todhunter, R. J., Burton-Wurster, N. & Lust, G. Variations in composition of cartilage from the shoulder joints of young adult dogs at risk for developing canine hip dysplasia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 210, 1483\u20131485 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.12.1990","volume":"54","author":"G Lust","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lust, G. et al. Joint laxity and its association with hip dysplasia in Labrador retrievers. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54, 1990\u20131999 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.10.1417","volume":"210","author":"GH Cardinet 3rd","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cardinet, G. H. 3rd & Lust, G. The international symposium on hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 210, 1417\u20131418 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/90.1.83","volume":"90","author":"RJ Todhunter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Todhunter, R. J. et al. An outcrossed canine pedigree for linkage analysis of hip dysplasia. J. Hered. 90, 83\u201392 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00021","volume":"241","author":"S Nakamura","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nakamura, S., Ninomiya, S. & Nakamura, T. Primary osteoarthritis of the hip joint in Japan. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 241, 190\u2013196 (1989).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.11.1193","volume":"37","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yoshimura, N. et al. Acetabular dysplasia and hip osteoarthritis in Britain and Japan. Br. J. Rheumatol. 37, 1193\u20131197 (1998).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.5.909","volume":"67","author":"DN Clements","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clements, D. N., Carter, S. D., Innes, J. F. & Ollier, W. E. Genetic basis of secondary osteoarthritis in dogs with joint dysplasia. Am. J. Vet. Res. 67, 909\u2013918 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013219","volume":"5","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou, Z. et al. Differential genetic regulation of canine hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. PLoS One 5, e13219 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17453690610046505","volume":"77","author":"S Jacobsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jacobsen, S. Adult hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. Studies in radiology and clinical epidemiology. Acta Orthop. Suppl. 77, 1\u201337 (2006).","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Suppl."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.4.530","volume":"72","author":"SG Friedenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedenberg, S. G. et al. Evaluation of a fibrillin 2 gene haplotype associated with hip dysplasia and incipient osteoarthritis in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 72, 530\u2013540 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.4.1165","volume":"129","author":"H Zhang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Hu, W. & Ramirez, F. Developmental expression of fibrillin genes suggests heterogeneity of extracellular microfibrils. J. Cell Biol. 129, 1165\u20131176 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173275","volume":"325","author":"HG Parker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parker, H. G. et al. An expressed FGF4 retrogene is associated with breed-defining chondrodysplasia in domestic dogs. Science 325, 995\u2013998 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1998.0117","volume":"6","author":"WE Horton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Horton, W. E. et al. An association between an aggrecan polymorphic allele and bilateral hand osteoarthritis in elderly white men: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 6, 245\u2013251 (1998).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B3.1670443","volume":"73-B","author":"K Klaue","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klaue, K., Durnin, C. W. & Ganz, R. The acetabular rim syndrome. A clinical presentation of dysplasia of the hip. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 73-B, 423\u2013429 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Br."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2361040140","volume":"236","author":"M Leunig","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leunig, M. et al. Fibrocystic changes at anterosuperior femoral neck: prevalence in hips with femoroacetabular impingement. Radiology 236, 237\u2013246 (2005).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403456101","volume":"101","author":"J Loughlin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loughlin, J. et al. Functional variants within the secreted frizzled-related protein 3 gene are associated with hip osteoarthritis in females. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 9757\u20139762 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4095","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23137","volume":"56","author":"RJ Lories","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lories, R. J. et al. Articular cartilage and biomechanical properties of the long bones in Frzb-knockout mice. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 4095\u20134103 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27184","volume":"62","author":"HJ Kerkhof","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kerkhof, H. J. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q22. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 499\u2013510 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.132787","volume":"70","author":"E Evangelou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evangelou, E. et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies confirms a susceptibility locus for knee osteoarthritis on chromosome 7q22. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 349\u2013355 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.067314","volume":"46","author":"G Zhai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhai, G. et al. A genome-wide association study suggests that a locus within the ataxin 2 binding protein 1 gene is associated with hand osteoarthritis: the Treat-OA consortium. J. Med. Genet. 46, 614\u2013616 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.006","volume":"82","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Genome-wide association scan identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 82, 1231\u20131240 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.176","volume":"40","author":"Y Miyamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miyamoto, Y. et al. Common variants in DVWA on chromosome 3p24.3 are associated with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis. Nat. Genet. 40, 994\u2013998 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2009.05.003","volume":"28","author":"R Wagener","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wagener, R., Gara, S. K., Kobbe, B., Paulsson, M. & Zaucke, F. The knee osteoarthritis susceptibility locus DVWA on chromosome 3p24.3 is the 5' part of the split COL6A4 gene. Matrix Biol. 28, 307\u2013310 (2009).","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.102236","volume":"68","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Association of the DVWA and GDF5 polymorphisms with osteoarthritis in UK populations. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1916\u20131920 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp053","volume":"18","author":"I Meulenbelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meulenbelt, I. et al. Large replication study and meta-analyses of DVWA as an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus in European and Asian populations. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, 1518\u20131523 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R101","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp001","volume":"18","author":"GA Heap","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heap, G. A. & van Heel, D. A. The genetics of chronic inflammatory diseases. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, R101\u2013R106 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200611031","volume":"177","author":"A Spagnoli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spagnoli, A. et al. TGF-\u03b2 signaling is essential for joint morphogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 177, 1105\u20131117 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.744","volume":"43","author":"IM van de Laar","year":"2011","unstructured":"van de Laar, I. M. et al. Mutations in SMAD3 cause a syndromic form of aortic aneurysms and dissections with early-onset osteoarthritis. Nat. Genet. 43, 121\u2013126 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1496","volume":"37","author":"H Kizawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kizawa, H. et al. An aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in asporin inhibits chondrogenesis and increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat. Genet. 37, 138\u2013144 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32185","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700522200","volume":"282","author":"M Nakajima","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakajima, M. et al. Mechanisms for asporin function and regulation in articular cartilage. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 32185\u201332192 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1920","volume":"8","author":"J Rodriguez-Lopez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Lopez, J., Pombo-Suarez, M., Liz, M., Gomez-Reino, J. J. & Gonzalez, A. Lack of association of a variable number of aspartic acid residues in the asporin gene with osteoarthritis susceptibility: case\u2013control studies in Spanish Caucasians. Arthritis Res. Ther. 8, R55 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.03.007","volume":"16","author":"U Atif","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atif, U. et al. Absence of association of asporin polymorphisms and osteoarthritis susceptibility in US Caucasians. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16, 1174\u20131177 (2008).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22301","volume":"56","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Sex and ethnic differences in the association of ASPN, CALM1, COL2A1, COMP, and FRZB with genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 137\u2013146 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm115","volume":"16","author":"T Nakamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura, T. et al. Meta-analysis of association between the ASPN D-repeat and osteoarthritis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, 1676\u20131681 (2007).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/368639a0","volume":"368","author":"EE Storm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Storm, E. E. et al. Limb alterations in brachypodism mice due to mutations in a new member of the TGF\u03b2-superfamily. Nature 368, 639\u2013643 (1994).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5368.1455","volume":"280","author":"LJ Brunet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brunet, L. J., McMahon, J. A., McMahon, A. P. & Harland, R. M. Noggin, cartilage morphogenesis, and joint formation in the mammalian skeleton. Science 280, 1455\u20131457 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ABME.0000017549.57126.51","volume":"32","author":"B Mikic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mikic, B. Multiple effects of GDF5 deficiency on skeletal tissues: implications for therapeutic bioengineering. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 32, 466\u2013476 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm195","volume":"16","author":"H Masuya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masuya, H. et al. A novel dominant-negative mutation in Gdf5 generated by ENU mutagenesis impairs joint formation and causes osteoarthritis in mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, 2366\u20132375 (2007).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/2005","volume":"39","author":"Y Miyamoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miyamoto, Y. et al. A functional polymorphism in the 5' UTR of GDF5 is associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat. Genet. 39, 529\u2013533 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn038","volume":"17","author":"K Chapman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chapman, K. et al. A meta-analysis of European and Asian cohorts reveals a global role of a functional SNP in the 5' UTR of GDF5 with osteoarthritis susceptibility. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, 1497\u20131504 (2008).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.075838","volume":"67","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M., Doherty, M. & Spector, T. D. The additive effect of individual genes in predicting risk of knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 124\u2013127 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099655","volume":"68","author":"RB Vaes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaes, R. B. et al. Genetic variation in the GDF5 region is associated with osteoarthritis, height, hip axis length and fracture risk: the Rotterdam study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 1754\u20131760 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.014","volume":"19","author":"AW Dodd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dodd, A. W. et al. Deep sequencing of GDF5 reveals the absence of rare variants at this important osteoarthritis susceptibility locus. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 19, 430\u2013434 (2011).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21621","volume":"54","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Reproducible genetic associations between candidate genes and clinical knee osteoarthritis in men and women. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 533\u2013539 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20760","volume":"27","author":"J Borrelli Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borrelli, J. Jr, Silva, M. J., Zaegel, M. A., Franz, C. & Sandell, L. J. Single high-energy impact load causes posttraumatic OA in young rabbits via a decrease in cellular metabolism. J. Orthop. Res. 27, 347\u2013352 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01777","volume":"93","author":"Y Tochigi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tochigi, Y. et al. Distribution and progression of chondrocyte damage in a whole-organ model of human ankle intra-articular fracture. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 93, 533\u2013539 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779940061","volume":"8","author":"SS Glasson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glasson, S. S. In vivo osteoarthritis target validation utilizing genetically-modified mice. Curr. Drug Targets 8, 367\u2013376 (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.11.003","volume":"17","author":"NM Eltawil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eltawil, N. M., De Bari, C., Achan, P., Pitzalis, C. & Dell'accio, F. A novel in vivo murine model of cartilage regeneration. Age and strain-dependent outcome after joint surface injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17, 695\u2013704 (2009).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23288","volume":"58","author":"BD Ward","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ward, B. D. et al. Absence of posttraumatic arthritis following intraarticular fracture in the MRL\/MpJ mouse. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 744\u2013753 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23444","volume":"58","author":"F Dell'accio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dell'accio, F., De Bari, C., Eltawil, N. M., Vanhummelen, P. & Pitzalis, C. Identification of the molecular response of articular cartilage to injury, by microarray screening: Wnt16 expression and signaling after injury and in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1410\u20131421 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2009.03.006","volume":"39","author":"G Herrero-Beaumont","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herrero-Beaumont, G., Roman-Blas, J. A., Casta\u0148eda, S. & Jimenez, S. A. Primary osteoarthritis no longer primary: three subsets with distinct etiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 39, 71\u201380 (2009).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01186.x","volume":"216","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Tan, A. L., Carey, J. & Benjamin, M. The anatomical basis for a novel classification of osteoarthritis and allied disorders. J. Anat. 216, 279\u2013291 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR113","first-page":"16","volume":"70","author":"RW Moskowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moskowitz, R. W. Specific gene defects leading to osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 70, 16\u201321 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R187","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3157","volume":"12","author":"H Takahashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takahashi, H. et al. Prediction model for knee osteoarthritis based on genetic and clinical information. Arthritis Res. Ther. 12, R187 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2174\/138945010791011901","volume":"11","author":"AB Blom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blom, A. B., van Lent, P. L., van der Kraan, P. M. & van den Berg, W. B. To seek shelter from the Wnt in osteoarthritis? Wnt-signaling as a target for osteoarthritis therapy. Curr. Drug Targets 11, 620\u2013629 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.08.010","volume":"18","author":"M Blagojevic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blagojevic, M., Jinks, C., Jeffery, A. & Jordan, K. P. Risk factors for onset of osteoarthritis of the knee in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 18, 24\u201333 (2010).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21399","volume":"52","author":"Z Mustafa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mustafa, Z. et al. Investigating the aspartic acid (D) repeat of asporin as a risk factor for osteoarthritis in a UK Caucasian population. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 3502\u20133506 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.10.012","volume":"14","author":"M Kaliakatsos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaliakatsos, M. et al. Asporin and knee osteoarthritis in patients of Greek origin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14, 609\u2013611 (2006).","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20443","volume":"50","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Valdes, A. M. et al. Association study of candidate genes for the prevalence and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 2497\u20132507 (2004).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn082","volume":"17","author":"I Meulenbelt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meulenbelt, I. et al. Identification of DIO2 as a new susceptibility locus for symptomatic osteoarthritis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 17, 1867\u20131875 (2008).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1040","volume":"91","author":"HE Meulenbelt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meulenbelt, H. E., Geertzen, J. H., Jonkman, M. F. & Dijkstra, P. U. Skin problems of the stump in lower limb amputees: 1. A clinical study. Acta Derm. Venereol. 91, 173\u2013177 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-010-0230-z","volume":"29","author":"M Nakajima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakajima, M., Miyamoto, Y. & Ikegawa, S. Cloning and characterization of the osteoarthritis-associated gene DVWA. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 29, 300\u2013308 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.06.008","volume":"35","author":"SY Jin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jin, S. Y. et al. Association of estrogen receptor 1 intron 1 C\/T polymorphism in Korean vitiligo patients. J. Dermatol. Sci. 35, 181\u2013186 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2005.00495.x","volume":"68","author":"P Fytili","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fytili, P. et al. Association of repeat polymorphisms in the estrogen receptors \u03b1, \u03b2, and androgen receptor genes with knee osteoarthritis. Clin. Genet. 68, 268\u2013277 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20446","volume":"25","author":"A Gordon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gordon, A. et al. Variation in the secreted frizzled-related protein3 gene and risk of osteolysis and heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. J. Orthop. Res. 25, 1665\u20131670 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1456::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"43","author":"AG Uitterlinden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Uitterlinden, A. G. et al. Adjacent genes, for COL2A1 and the vitamin D receptor, are associated with separate features of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 1456\u20131464 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-007-0757-9","volume":"25","author":"T Urano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Urano, T. et al. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the WISP1 gene with spinal osteoarthritis in postmenopausal Japanese women. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 25, 253\u2013258 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1998","volume":"15","author":"F Echtermeyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Echtermeyer, F. et al. Syndecan4 regulates ADAMTS5 activation and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis. Nat. Med. 15, 1072\u20131076 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03369","volume":"434","author":"SS Glasson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glasson, S. S. et al. Deletion of active ADAMTS5 prevents cartilage degradation in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Nature 434, 644\u2013648 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25002","volume":"60","author":"CB Little","year":"2009","unstructured":"Little, C. B. et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice are resistant to osteoarthritic cartilage erosion but not chondrocyte hypertrophy or osteophyte development. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 3723\u20133733 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2055","volume":"15","author":"AC Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin, A. C. et al. Modulating hedgehog signaling can attenuate the severity of osteoarthritis. Nat. Med. 15, 1421\u20131425 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004543","volume":"4","author":"M Hirata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirata, M. et al. C\/EBP\u03b2 promotes transition from proliferation to hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes through transactivation of p57Kip2. PLoS One 4, e4543 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2011199_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30765","volume":"117","author":"CB Little","year":"2007","unstructured":"Little, C. B. et al. Blocking aggrecanase cleavage in the aggrecan interglobular domain abrogates cartilage erosion and promotes cartilage repair. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 1627\u20131636 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2011.199.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2011.199","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2011.199.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T13:17:56Z","timestamp":1713359876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2011.199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrrheum2011199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.199","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]}}}