{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:33:21Z","timestamp":1793093601594,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T01:47:23Z","timestamp":1444096043000},"page":"81-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":262,"title":["Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis\u2014insights into pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Kenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Paul","family":"Wordsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.20.3.215","volume":"20","author":"J de Blecourt","year":"1961","unstructured":"de Blecourt, J., Polman, A. & de Blecourt-Meindersma, T. Hereditary factors in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 20, 215\u2013223 (1961).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.11.883","volume":"59","author":"MA Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown, M. A., Laval, S. H., Brophy, S. & Calin, A. Recurrence risk modelling of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 59, 883\u2013886 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22812","volume":"56","author":"B Thjodleifsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thjodleifsson, B., Geirsson, A. J., Bjornsson, S. & Bjarnason, I. A common genetic background for inflammatory bowel disease and ankylosing spondylitis: a genealogic study in Iceland. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 2633\u20132639 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.125914","volume":"69","author":"AJ Geirsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geirsson, A. J., Kristjansson, K. & Gudbjornsson, B. A strong familiality of ankylosing spondylitis through several generations. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1346\u20131348 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261207","volume":"26","author":"A Calin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Calin, A., Marder, A., Becks, E. & Burns, T. Genetic differences between B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and B27 positive healthy controls. Arthritis Rheum. 26, 1460\u20131464 (1983).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXII.suppl_2.18","volume":"22","author":"S van der Linden","year":"1983","unstructured":"van der Linden, S., Valkenburg, H. & Cats, A. The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals: a family and population study. Br. J. Rheumatol. 22, 18\u201319 (1983).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401015","volume":"40","author":"MA Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown, M. A. et al. Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins: the role of genes, HLA, and the environment. Arthritis Rheum. 40, 1823\u20131828 (1997).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740701824613","volume":"37","author":"OB Pedersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pedersen, O. B. et al. Ankylosing spondylitis in Danish and Norwegian twins: occurrence and the relative importance of genetic vs. environmental effectors in disease causation. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 37, 120\u2013126 (2008).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1396::AID-ART233>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"44","author":"J Hamersma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hamersma, J. et al. Is disease severity in ankylosing spondylitis genetically determined? Arthritis Rheum. 44, 1396\u20131400 (2001).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR10","first-page":"1775","volume":"31","author":"S Brophy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brophy, S. et al. Concordance of disease severity among family members with ankylosing spondylitis? J. Rheumatol. 31, 1775\u20131778 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.8.1531","volume":"18","author":"EL Duncan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duncan, E. L., Cardon, L. R., Sinsheimer, J. S., Wass, J. A. & Brown, M. A. Site and gender specificity of inheritance of bone mineral density. J. Bone Miner. Res. 18, 1531\u20131538 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008850","volume":"144","author":"CK Kwoh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kwoh, C. K. et al. Age, sex, and the familial risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 144, 15\u201324 (1996).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR13","first-page":"696","volume":"18","author":"L Edmunds","year":"1991","unstructured":"Edmunds, L., Elswood, J., Kennedy, L. G. & Calin, A. Primary ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic and enteropathic spondyloarthropathy: a controlled analysis. J. Rheumatol. 18, 696\u2013698 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3502","volume":"14","author":"M Parkes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parkes, M., Cortes, A., van Heel, D. A. & Brown, M. A. Genetic insights into common pathways and complex relationships among immune-mediated diseases. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14, 661\u2013673 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/242121a0","volume":"242","author":"MF Caffrey","year":"1973","unstructured":"Caffrey, M. F. & James, D. C. Human lymphocyte antigen association with ankylosing spondylitis. Nature 242, 121 (1973).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91360-3","volume":"301","author":"DA Brewerton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brewerton, D. A. et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and HL-A 27. Lancet 301, 904\u2013907 (1973).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304052881403","volume":"288","author":"L Schlosstein","year":"1973","unstructured":"Schlosstein, L., Terasaki, P. I., Bluestone, R. & Pearson, C. M. High association of an HL-A antigen, W27, with ankylosing spondylitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 288, 704\u2013706 (1973).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1955.tb01356.x","volume":"19","author":"JH Renwick","year":"1955","unstructured":"Renwick, J. H. & Lawler, S. D. Genetical linkage between the ABO and nail\u2013patella loci. Ann. Hum. Genet. 19, 312\u2013331 (1955).","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91330-X","volume":"2","author":"PL Stokes","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stokes, P. L., Asquith, P., Holmes, G. K., Mackintosh, P. & Cooke, W. T. Histocompatibility antigens associated with adult coeliac disease. Lancet 2, 162\u2013164 (1972).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197210122871503","volume":"287","author":"TJ Russell","year":"1972","unstructured":"Russell, T. J., Schultes, L. M. & Kuban, D. J. Histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens associated with psoriasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 287, 738\u2013740 (1972).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197210122871504","volume":"287","author":"SH White","year":"1972","unstructured":"White, S. H., Newcomer, V. D., Mickey, M. R. & Terasaki, P. I. Disturbance of HL-A antigen frequency in psoriasis. N. Engl. J. Med. 287, 740\u2013743 (1972).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140103","volume":"14","author":"J Baum","year":"1971","unstructured":"Baum, J. & Ziff, M. The rarity of ankylosing spondylitis in the black race. Arthritis Rheum. 14, 12\u201318 (1971).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.1.68","volume":"56","author":"MA Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown, M. A. et al. Ankylosing spondylitis in West Africans\u2014evidence for a non-HLA-B27 protective effect. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 56, 68\u201370 (1997).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0808284","volume":"360","author":"P Concannon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Concannon, P., Rich, S. S. & Nepom, G. T. Genetics of type 1A diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1646\u20131654 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR25","first-page":"863","volume":"40","author":"LS Penrose","year":"1947","unstructured":"Penrose, L. S. The importance of statistics in psychiatry. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 40, 863\u2013870 (1947).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.1998.6250365.x","volume":"62","author":"JH Edwards","year":"1998","unstructured":"Edwards, J. H. Penrose and sib-pairs. Ann. Hum. Genet. 62, 365\u2013377 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199804)41:4<588::AID-ART5>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"41","author":"MA Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown, M. A. et al. A genome-wide screen for susceptibility loci in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 41, 588\u2013595 (1998).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1086\/319509","volume":"68","author":"SH Laval","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laval, S. H. et al. Whole-genome screening in ankylosing spondylitis: evidence of non-MHC genetic-susceptibility loci. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68, 918\u2013926 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel443","volume":"46","author":"KW Carter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carter, K. W. et al. Combined analysis of three whole genome linkage scans for ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46, 763\u2013771 (2007).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.17","volume":"39","author":"PR Burton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burton, P. R. et al. Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants. Nat. Genet. 39, 1329\u20131337 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92452-8","volume":"337","author":"AV Hill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hill, A. V. et al. HLA class I typing by PCR: HLA-B27 and an African B27 subtype. Lancet 337, 640\u2013642 (1991).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1155\/1994\/394509","volume":"12","author":"M D'Amato","year":"1995","unstructured":"D'Amato, M. et al. Frequency of the new HLA-B*2709 allele in ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy individuals. Dis. Markers 12, 215\u2013217 (1995).","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1995.tb02436.x","volume":"3","author":"C L\u00f3pez-Larrea","year":"1995","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Larrea C. et al. HLA-B27 subtypes in Asian patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Evidence for new associations. Tissue Antigens 3, 169\u2013176 (1995).","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0362-y","volume":"15","author":"MA Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan, M. A. Polymorphism of HLA-B27: 105 subtypes currently known. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 15, 362 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cortes, A. et al. Major histocompatibility complex associations of ankylosing spondylitis are complex and involve further epistasis with ERAP1. Nat. Commun. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8146 .","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8146"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.694","volume":"42","author":"A Strange","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strange, A. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies new psoriasis susceptibility loci and an interaction between HLA-C and ERAP1. Nat. Genet. 42, 985\u2013990 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2520","volume":"45","author":"Y Kirino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirino, Y. et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for Beh\u00e7et's disease and epistasis between HLA-B*51 and ERAP1. Nat. Genet. 45, 202\u2013207 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3176","volume":"47","author":"P Goyette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goyette, P. et al. High-density mapping of the MHC identifies a shared role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in inflammatory bowel diseases and heterozygous advantage in ulcerative colitis. Nat. Genet. 47, 172\u2013179 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR39","first-page":"394","volume":"18","author":"H Mielants","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mielants, H. et al. Intestinal mucosal permeability in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. II. Role of disease. J. Rheumatol. 18, 394\u2013400 (1991).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001195","volume":"6","author":"P Danoy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Danoy, P. et al. Association of variants at 1q32 and STAT3 with ankylosing spondylitis suggests genetic overlap with Crohn's disease. PLoS Genet. 6, e1001195 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3204","volume":"13","author":"A Cortes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cortes, A. & Brown, M. A. Promise and pitfalls of the Immunochip. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, 101 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","volume":"491","author":"L Jostins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119\u2013124 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2667","volume":"45","author":"A Cortes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cortes, A. et al. Identification of multiple risk variants for ankylosing spondylitis through high-density genotyping of immune-related loci. Nat. Genet. 45, 730\u2013738 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10329","volume":"46","author":"AM Crane","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crane, A. M. et al. Role of NOD2 variants in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 1629\u20131633 (2002).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR45","first-page":"102","volume":"30","author":"I Ferreiros-Vidal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferreiros-Vidal, I. et al. Lack of association of ankylosing spondylitis with the most common NOD2 susceptibility alleles to Crohn's disease. J. Rheumatol. 30, 102\u2013104 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR46","first-page":"2470","volume":"29","author":"M D'Amato","year":"2002","unstructured":"D'Amato, M. The Crohn's associated NOD2 3020InsC frameshift mutation does not confer susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. J. Rheumatol. 29, 2470\u20132471 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10196","volume":"46","author":"C Miceli-Richard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miceli-Richard, C. et al. CARD15\/NOD2 analyses in spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 1405\u20131406 (2002).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/35079107","volume":"411","author":"JP Hugot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hugot, J. P. et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 411, 599\u2013603 (2001).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317464","volume":"112","author":"C Becker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker, C. et al. Constitutive p40 promoter activation and IL-23 production in the terminal ileum mediated by dendritic cells. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 693\u2013706 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24389","volume":"60","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ciccia, F. et al. Overexpression of interleukin-23, but not interleukin-17, as an immunologic signature of subclinical intestinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 955\u2013965 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900732","volume":"182","author":"A Awasthi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Awasthi, A. et al. Cutting edge: IL-23 receptor GFP reporter mice reveal distinct populations of IL-17-producing cells. J. Immunol. 182, 5904\u20135908 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR52","first-page":"730","volume":"45","author":"TJ Kenna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kenna, T. J. & Brown, M. A. The role of IL-17-secreting mast cells in inflammatory joint disease. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 45, 730\u2013738 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30132","volume":"62","author":"D Baeten","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baeten, D. et al. The anti-IL17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab (AIN457) showed good safety and efficacy in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis [abstract L7]. In Late-breaking abstracts: American College of Rheumatology 2010 annual scientific meeting. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 3837\u20133845 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204248","volume":"73","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poddubnyy, D., Hermann, K. G., Callhoff, J., Listing, J. & Sieper, J. Ustekinumab for the treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 28-week, prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study (TOPAS). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 73, 817\u2013823 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61134-4","volume":"382","author":"D Baeten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baeten, D. et al. Anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 382, 1705\u20131713 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0911-1055","volume":"17","author":"DJ Cua","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cua, D. J. & Sherlock, J. P. Autoimmunity's collateral damage: gut microbiota strikes 'back'. Nat. Med. 17, 1055\u20131056 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.12.84","volume":"8","author":"TJ Kenna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenna, T. J. & Brown, M. A. Immunopathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Int. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 8, 265\u2013274 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.562533","volume":"40","author":"T Uotila","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uotila, T. et al. Reactive arthritis in a population exposed to an extensive waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak after sewage contamination in Pirkanmaa, Finland. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 40, 358\u2013362 (2011).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costello, M. E. et al. Intestinal dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/art.38967 .","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38967"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2664-5","volume":"33","author":"JT Rosenbaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenbaum, J. T. et al. Does the microbiome play a causal role in spondyloarthritis? Clin. Rheumatol. 33, 763\u2013767 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4228","volume":"15","author":"ME Costello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costello, M. E., Elewaut, D., Kenna, T. J. & Brown, M. A. Microbes, the gut and ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 15, 214 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.6.2359","volume":"180","author":"JD Taurog","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taurog, J. D. et al. The germfree state prevents development of gut and joint inflammatory disease in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. J. Exp. Med. 180, 2359\u20132364 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38773","volume":"66","author":"LM Rehaume","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rehaume, L. M. et al. ZAP-70 genotype disrupts the relationship between microbiota and host, leading to spondyloarthritis and ileitis in SKG mice. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 2780\u20132792 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR64","unstructured":"Robinson, P. C. et al. ERAP2 is associated with ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27-positive and HLA-B27-negative patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2015)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","volume":"44","author":"LC Tsoi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsoi, L. C. et al. Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity. Nat. Genet. 44, 1341\u20131348 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3235","volume":"13","author":"A Hinks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinks, A. et al. Subtype specific genetic associations for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ERAP1 with the enthesitis related arthritis subtype and IL23R with juvenile psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R12 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.717","volume":"42","author":"A Franke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franke, A. et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. Nat. Genet. 42, 1118\u20131125 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6081","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu307","volume":"23","author":"JJ Kuiper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuiper, J. J. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies a functional ERAP2 haplotype associated with birdshot chorioretinopathy. Hum. Mol. Genet. 23, 6081\u20136087 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38873","volume":"67","author":"PC Robinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robinson, P. C. et al. Genetic dissection of acute anterior uveitis reveals similarities and differences in associations observed with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 140\u2013151 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.873","volume":"43","author":"DM Evans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evans, D. M. et al. Interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis implicates peptide handling in the mechanism for HLA-B27 in disease susceptibility. Nat. Genet. 43, 761\u2013767 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4204","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp371","volume":"18","author":"D Harvey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harvey, D. et al. Investigating the genetic association between ERAP1 and ankylosing spondylitis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, 4204\u20134212 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39072","volume":"67","author":"F Costantino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costantino, F. et al. ERAP1 gene expression is influenced by non-synonymous polymorphisms associated with predisposition to spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 1525\u20131534 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001157","volume":"6","author":"AM Andr\u00e9s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s, A. M. et al. Balancing selection maintains a form of ERAP2 that undergoes nonsense-mediated decay and affects antigen presentation. PLoS Genet. 6, e1001157 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100019","volume":"37","author":"N Haroon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haroon, N., Tsui, F. W., Chiu, B., Tsui, H. W. & Inman, R. D. Serum cytokine receptors in ankylosing spondylitis: relationship to inflammatory markers and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase polymorphisms. J. Rheumatol. 37, 1907\u20131910 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101262108","volume":"108","author":"G Kochan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kochan, G. et al. Crystal structures of the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) reveal the molecular basis for N-terminal peptide trimming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 7745\u20137750 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302855","volume":"193","author":"I Evnouchidou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Evnouchidou, I., Weimershaus, M., Saveanu, L. & van Endert, P. ERAP1\u2013ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency. J. Immunol. 193, 901\u2013908 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6665","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.12.6665","volume":"163","author":"JP Mear","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mear, J. P. et al. Misfolding of HLA-B27 as a result of its B pocket suggests a novel mechanism for its role in susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies. J. Immunol. 163, 6665\u20136670 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.62","volume":"16","author":"TJ Kenna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kenna, T. J. et al. Disease-associated polymorphisms in ERAP1 do not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Genes Immun. 16, 35\u201342 (2015).","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202925","volume":"73","author":"F Ciccia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ciccia, F. et al. Evidence that autophagy, but not the unfolded protein response, regulates the expression of IL-23 in the gut of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical gut inflammation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 73, 1566\u20131574 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03453.x","volume":"133","author":"EC Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell, E. C., Fettke, F., Bhat, S., Morley, K. D. & Powis, S. J. Expression of MHC class I dimers and ERAP1 in an ankylosing spondylitis patient cohort. Immunology 133, 379\u2013385 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200347","volume":"71","author":"N Haroon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haroon, N., Tsui, F. W., Uchanska-Ziegler, B., Ziegler, A. & Inman, R. D. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) exhibits functionally significant interaction with HLA-B27 and relates to subtype specificity in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 589\u2013595 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00216831","volume":"37","author":"A Hill","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hill, A., Takiguchi, M. & McMichael, A. Different rates of HLA class I molecule assembly which are determined by amino acid sequence in the alpha 2 domain. Immunogenetics 37, 95\u2013101 (1993).","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38980","volume":"67","author":"A Sanz-Bravo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanz-Bravo, A., Campos, J., Mazariegos, M. S. & Lopez de Castro, J. A. Dominant role of the ERAP1 polymorphism R528K in shaping the HLA-B27 peptidome through differential processing determined by multiple peptide residues. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 692\u2013701 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M112.019588","volume":"11","author":"N Garcia-Medel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcia-Medel, N. et al. Functional interaction of the ankylosing spondylitis-associated endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 polymorphism and HLA-B27 in vivo. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11, 1416\u20131429 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38249","volume":"66","author":"L Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Critical role of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 in determining the length and sequence of peptides bound and presented by HLA-B27. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 284\u2013294 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.029","volume":"90","author":"PM Visscher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Visscher, P. M., Brown, M. A., McCarthy, M. I. & Yang, J. Five years of GWAS discovery. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 90, 7\u201324 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873","volume":"506","author":"Y Okada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okada, Y. et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature 506, 376\u2013381 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis. Nat. Genet. 45, 1353\u20131360 (2013).","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2770"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19890","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1309781110","volume":"110","author":"E Zervoudi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zervoudi, E. et al. Rationally designed inhibitor targeting antigen-trimming aminopeptidases enhances antigen presentation and cytotoxic T-cell responses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 19890\u201319895 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.952","volume":"43","author":"MA Rivas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rivas, M. A. et al. Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Genet. 43, 1066\u20131073 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08979","volume":"464","author":"N Craddock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Craddock, N. et al. Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 464, 713\u2013720 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38650","volume":"66","author":"SH Jung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung, S. H. et al. Genome-wide copy number variation analysis identifies deletion variants associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 2103\u20132112 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8935-8-5","volume":"8","author":"N Ulahannan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ulahannan, N. & Greally, J. M. Genome-wide assays that identify and quantify modified cytosines in human disease studies. Epigenetics Chromatin 8, 5 (2015).","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Australo-Anglo-American Spondyloarthritis Consortium (TASC). Genome-wide association study of ankylosing spondylitis identifies non-MHC susceptibility loci. Nat. Genet. 42, 123\u2013127 (2010).","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.513"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2015133_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205643","volume":"73","author":"T Karaderi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karaderi, T. et al. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene (ANTXR2). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 73, 2054\u20132058 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.133","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.133.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T19:25:29Z","timestamp":1692041129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrrheum2015133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}