{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:51:47Z","timestamp":1793296307176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.56","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]],"date-time":"2015-04-24T07:14:02Z","timestamp":1429859642000},"page":"513-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ernest H. S.","family":"Choy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081180","volume":"36","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolfe, F. Fibromyalgia wars. J. Rheumatol. 36, 671\u2013678 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR2","first-page":"1668","volume":"30","author":"NM Hadler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hadler, N. M. \u201cFibromyalgia\u201d and the medicalization of misery. J. Rheumatol. 30, 1668\u20131670 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0356-5","volume":"17","author":"LP Queiroz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Queiroz, L. P. Worldwide epidemiology of fibromyalgia. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 17, 356 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380104","volume":"38","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolfe, F., Ross, K., Anderson, J., Russell, I. J. & Hebert, L. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 19\u201328 (1995).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019711","volume":"64","author":"A Boonen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boonen, A. et al. Large differences in cost of illness and wellbeing between patients with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, or ankylosing spondylitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 64, 396\u2013402 (2005).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fibromyalgia [online] , (2015)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21545","volume":"54","author":"G Hughes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hughes, G., Martinez, C., Myon, E., Ta\u00efeb, C. & Wessely, S. The impact of a diagnosis of fibromyalgia on health care resource use by primary care patients in the UK: an observational study based on clinical practice. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 177\u2013183 (2006).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR8","unstructured":"Department of Health UK. Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer on the state of public health\u2014Pain: breaking through the barrier [online] , (2008)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-102","volume":"10","author":"E Choy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choy, E. et al. A patient survey of the impact of fibromyalgia and the journey to diagnosis. BMC Health Serv. Res. 10, 102 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR10","first-page":"1407","volume":"23","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wolfe, F., Hawley, D. J. & Wilson, K. The prevalence and meaning of fatigue in rheumatic disease. J. Rheumatol. 23, 1407\u20131417 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00300-7","volume":"100","author":"PM Nicassio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nicassio, P. M., Moxham, E. G., Schuman, C. E. & Gevirtz, R. N. The contribution of pain, reported sleep quality, and depressive symptoms to fatigue in fibromyalgia. Pain 100, 271\u2013279 (2002).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0111-6","volume":"12","author":"L Kleinman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kleinman, L. et al. Assessment of sleep in patients with fibromyalgia: qualitative development of the fibromyalgia sleep diary. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 12, 111 (2014).","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2012.268","volume":"64","author":"A Alciati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alciati, A., Sgiarovello, P., Atzeni, F. & Sarzi-Puttini, P. Psychiatric problems in fibromyalgia: clinical and neurobiological links between mood disorders and fibromyalgia. Reumatismo. 64, 268\u2013274 (2012).","journal-title":"Reumatismo."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","volume":"311","author":"DJ Clauw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clauw, D. J. Fibromyalgia: a clinical review. JAMA 311, 1547\u20131555 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2011.00066.x","volume":"16","author":"M Benedetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benedetti, M. et al. Plasma corticosterone levels in mouse models of pain. Eur. J. Pain 16, 803\u2013815 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00702","volume":"27","author":"TV Salomons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salomons, T. V., Nusslock, R., Detloff, A., Johnstone, T. & Davidson, R. J. Neural emotion regulation circuitry underlying anxiolytic effects of perceived control over pain. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 27, 222\u2013233 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-10-200705150-00006","volume":"146","author":"AM Abeles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abeles, A. M., Pillinger, M. H., Solitar, B. M. & Abeles, M. Narrative review: the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Ann. Intern. Med. 146, 726\u2013734 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.06.001","volume":"124","author":"CJ Vierck Jr.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vierck, C. J. Jr. Mechanisms underlying development of spatially distributed chronic pain (fibromyalgia). Pain 124, 242\u2013263 (2006).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.009","volume":"36","author":"MB Yunus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yunus, M. B. Fibromyalgia and overlapping disorders: the unifying concept of central sensitivity syndromes. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 36, 339\u2013356 (2007).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00036-6","volume":"17","author":"RH Gracely","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gracely, R. H., Grant, M. A. & Giesecke, T. Evoked pain measures in fibromyalgia. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 17, 593\u2013609 (2003).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285290002678X","volume":"13","author":"R Staud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Staud, R. & Spaeth, M. Psychophysical and neurochemical abnormalities of pain processing in fibromyalgia. CNS Spectr. 13 (Suppl. 5), 12\u201317 (2008).","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00646-0","volume":"112","author":"M Granot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Granot, M. et al. Simultaneous recording of late and ultra-late pain evoked potentials in fibromyalgia. Clin. Neurophysiol. 112, 1881\u20131887 (2001).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(95)00259-6","volume":"100","author":"J Lorenz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lorenz, J., Grasedyck, K. & Bromm, B. Middle and long latency somatosensory evoked potentials after painful laser stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 100, 165\u2013168 (1996).","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10225","volume":"46","author":"RH Gracely","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gracely, R. H., Petzke, F., Wolf, J. M. & Clauw, D. J. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 1333\u20131343 (2002).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030","volume":"152","author":"CJ Woolf","year":"2011","unstructured":"Woolf, C. J. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 152 (Suppl. 3), S2\u2013S15 (2011).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01313-6","volume":"353","author":"JM Besson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Besson, J. M. The neurobiology of pain. Lancet 353, 1610\u20131615 (1999).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.01.013","volume":"25","author":"L Arendt-Nielsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arendt-Nielsen, L. & Graven-Nielsen, T. Translational musculoskeletal pain research. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 25, 209\u2013226 (2011).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00946-3","volume":"778","author":"RJ Traub","year":"1997","unstructured":"Traub, R. J. Spinal modulation of the induction of central sensitization. Brain Res. 778, 34\u201342 (1997).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50009-6","volume-title":"Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain","author":"AJ Todd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Todd, A. J. & Koerber, H. R. in Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 5th edn Ch. 4 (eds McMahon, S. B. & Koltzenburg, M.) 73\u201390 (Elsevier, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135531","volume":"32","author":"M Costigan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costigan, M., Scholz, J. & Woolf, C. J. Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 32, 1\u201332 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90019-X","volume":"32","author":"H Vaer\u00f8y","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vaer\u00f8y, H., Helle, R., F\u00f8rre, O., K\u00e5ss, E. & Terenius, L. Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for diagnosis. Pain 32, 21\u201326 (1988).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780371106","volume":"37","author":"IJ Russell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Russell, I. J. et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 37, 1593\u20131601 (1994).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00284-0","volume":"87","author":"AA Larson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Larson, A. A., Giovengo, S. L., Russell, I. J. & Michalek, J. E. Changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid that correlate with pain in patients with fibromyalgia: implications for nitric oxide pathways. Pain 87, 201\u2013211 (2000).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR34","first-page":"1564","volume":"26","author":"SL Giovengo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giovengo, S. L., Russell, I. J. & Larson, A. A. Increased concentrations of nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fibromyalgia. J. Rheumatol. 26, 1564\u20131569 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24849","volume":"60","author":"RE Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris, R. E. et al. Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 3146\u20133152 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50011-4","volume-title":"Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain","author":"MC Bushnell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bushnell, M. C. & Apkarian, A. V. in Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 5th edn Ch. 6 (eds McMahon, S. B. & Koltzenburg, M.) 107\u2013124 (Elsevier, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v07n01_29","volume":"7","author":"LA Bradley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bradley, L. A. et al. Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in the caudate nucleus among fibromyalgia patients and non-patients is associated with insidious symptom onset. J. Musculoskel. Pain 7, 285\u2013292 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Musculoskel. Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380708","volume":"38","author":"JM Mountz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mountz, J. M. et al. Fibromyalgia in women. Abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamus and the caudate nucleus are associated with low pain threshold levels. Arthritis Rheum. 38, 926\u2013938 (1995).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0098-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"A Kuchinad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuchinad, A. et al. Accelerated brain gray matter loss in fibromyalgia patients: premature aging of the brain? J. Neurosci. 27, 4004\u20134007 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn229","volume":"131","author":"R Luerding","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luerding, R., Weigand, T., Bogdahn, U. & Schmidt-Wilcke, T. Working memory performance is correlated with local brain morphology in the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in fibromyalgia patients: structural correlates of pain-cognition interaction. Brain 131, 3222\u20133231 (2008).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24070","volume":"58","author":"J Lutz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lutz, J. et al. White and gray matter abnormalities in the brain of patients with fibromyalgia: a diffusion\u2013tensor and volumetric imaging study. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 3960\u20133969 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2007.03.015","volume":"14","author":"PC Sundgren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sundgren, P. C. et al. Diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging in fibromyalgia patients: a prospective study of whole brain diffusivity, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fraction anisotropy in different regions of the brain and correlation with symptom severity. Acad. Radiol. 14, 839\u2013846 (2007).","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR43","first-page":"364","volume":"31","author":"DB Cook","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cook, D. B. et al. Functional imaging of pain in patients with primary fibromyalgia. J. Rheumatol. 31, 364\u2013378 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2823::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"43","author":"R Kwiatek","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwiatek, R. et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in fibromyalgia: single-photon-emission computed tomography evidence of reduction in the pontine tegmentum and thalami. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 2823\u20132833 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50012-6","volume-title":"Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain","author":"HL Fields","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fields, H. L., Basbaum, A. I. & Heinricher, M. M. in Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 5th edn Ch. 7 (eds McMahon, S. B. & Koltzenburg, M.) 125\u2013142 (Elsevier, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.08.001","volume":"80","author":"A Pertovaara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pertovaara, A. Noradrenergic pain modulation. Prog. Neurobiol. 80, 53\u201383 (2006).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350509","volume":"35","author":"IJ Russell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Russell, I. J., Vaeroy, H., Javors, M. & Nyberg, F. Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia\/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 35, 550\u2013556 (1992).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.03.018","volume":"144","author":"KB Jensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jensen, K. B. et al. Evidence of dysfunctional pain inhibition in fibromyalgia reflected in rACC during provoked pain. Pain 144, 95\u2013100 (2009).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067176","volume":"295","author":"P Petrovic","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petrovic, P., Kalso, E., Petersson, K. M. & Ingvar, M. Placebo and opioid analgesia\u2014imaging a shared neuronal network. Science 295, 1737\u20131740 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2849-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"RE Harris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harris, R. E. et al. Decreased central \u03bc-opioid receptor availability in fibromyalgia. J. Neurosci. 27, 10000\u201310006 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749509095181","volume":"24","author":"J S\u00f6rensen","year":"1995","unstructured":"S\u00f6rensen, J., Bengtsson, A., B\u00e4ckman, E., Henriksson, K. & Bengtsson, M. Pain analysis in patients with fibromyalgia. Effects of intravenous morphine, lidocaine, and ketamine. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 24, 360\u2013365 (1995).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR52","first-page":"113","volume":"28","author":"L Villanueva","year":"1995","unstructured":"Villanueva, L. & Le Bars, D. The activation of bulbo-spinal controls by peripheral nociceptive inputs: diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. Biol. Res. 28, 113\u2013125 (1995).","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(79)90049-6","volume":"6","author":"D Le Bars","year":"1979","unstructured":"Le Bars, D., Dickenson, A. H. & Besson, J. M. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). I. Effects on dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat. Pain 6, 283\u2013304 (1979).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199709000-00003","volume":"13","author":"S Lautenbacher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lautenbacher, S. & Rollman, G. B. Possible deficiencies of pain modulation in fibromyalgia. Clin. J. Pain 13, 189\u2013196 (1997).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03295-2","volume":"70","author":"E Kosek","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kosek, E. & Hansson, P. Modulatory influence on somatosensory perception from vibration and heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) in fibromyalgia patients and healthy subjects. Pain 70, 41\u201351 (1997).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.12.032","volume":"114","author":"N Julien","year":"2005","unstructured":"Julien, N., Goffaux, P., Arsenault, P. & Marchand, S. Widespread pain in fibromyalgia is related to a deficit of endogenous pain inhibition. Pain 114, 295\u2013302 (2005).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00325-1","volume":"101","author":"R Staud","year":"2003","unstructured":"Staud, R., Robinson, M. E., Vierck, C. J. Jr & Price, D. D. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) attenuate temporal summation of second pain in normal males but not in normal females or fibromyalgia patients. Pain 101, 167\u2013174 (2003).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01514-X","volume":"53","author":"D Le Bars","year":"2001","unstructured":"Le Bars, D., Gozariu, M. & Cadden, S. W. Animal models of nociception. Pharmacol. Rev. 53, 597\u2013652 (2001).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.03.016","volume":"140","author":"LP Vera-Portocarrero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vera-Portocarrero, L. P. et al. Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla maintains nerve injury-induced central sensitization. Neuroscience 140, 1311\u20131320 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02157-4","volume":"25","author":"F Porreca","year":"2002","unstructured":"Porreca, F., Ossipov, M. H. & Gebhart, G. F. Chronic pain and medullary descending facilitation. Trends Neurosci. 25, 319\u2013325 (2002).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23828","volume":"59","author":"SM Bigatti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bigatti, S. M., Hernandez, A. M., Cronan, T. A. & Rand, K. L. Sleep disturbances in fibromyalgia syndrome: relationship to pain and depression. Arthritis Rheum. 59, 961\u2013967 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-443-07287-6\/50049-7","volume-title":"Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain","author":"IJ Russell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Russell, I. J. & Bieber, C. S. in Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 5th edn Ch. 44 (eds McMahon, S. B. & Koltzenburg, M.) 669\u2013682 (Elsevier, 2006)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.01.021","volume":"75","author":"H Moldofsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moldofsky, H. The significance of the sleeping-waking brain for the understanding of widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue in fibromyalgia syndrome and allied syndromes. Joint Bone Spine 75, 397\u2013402 (2008).","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340104","volume":"34","author":"MB Yunus","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yunus, M. B., Ahles, T. A., Aldag, J. C. & Masi, A. T. Relationship of clinical features with psychological status in primary fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 34, 15\u201321 (1991).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(73)90250-2","volume":"34","author":"P Hauri","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hauri, P. & Hawkins, D. R. Alpha-delta sleep. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 34, 233\u2013237 (1973).","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.4.490","volume":"27","author":"NA Hamilton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hamilton, N. A. et al. Fibromyalgia: the role of sleep in affect and in negative event reactivity and recovery. Health Psychol. 27, 490\u2013497 (2008).","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR67","first-page":"1586","volume":"26","author":"MJ Lentz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lentz, M. J., Landis, C. A., Rothermel, J. & Shaver, J. L. Effects of selective slow wave sleep disruption on musculoskeletal pain and fatigue in middle aged women. J. Rheumatol. 26, 1586\u20131592 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1159\/000118007","volume":"10","author":"W Scheuler","year":"1983","unstructured":"Scheuler, W., Stinshoff, D. & Kubicki, S. The alpha-sleep pattern. Differentiation from other sleep patterns and effect of hypnotics. Neuropsychobiology 10, 183\u2013189 (1983).","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084280","volume":"45","author":"AM Anch","year":"1991","unstructured":"Anch, A. M., Lue, F. A., MacLean, A. W. & Moldofsky, H. Sleep physiology and psychological aspects of the fibrositis (fibromyalgia) syndrome. Can. J. Psychol. 45, 179\u2013184 (1991).","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a34.x","volume":"14","author":"M Sergi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sergi, M. et al. Periodic breathing during sleep in patients affected by fibromyalgia syndrome. Eur. Respir. J. 14, 203\u2013208 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR71","first-page":"S16","volume":"5","author":"G Tononi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tononi, G. Slow wave homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 5 (Suppl. 2), S16\u2013S19 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR72","first-page":"S6","volume":"5","author":"DJ Dijk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dijk, D. J. Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 5 (Suppl. 2), S6\u2013S15 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<222::AID-ANR29>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"44","author":"S Roizenblatt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roizenblatt, S., Moldofsky, H., Benedito-Silva, A. A. & Tufik, S. Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 222\u2013230 (2001).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00289-1","volume":"32","author":"JL Cantero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cantero, J. L., Atienza, M. & Salas, R. M. Human alpha oscillations in wakefulness, drowsiness period, and REM sleep: different electroencephalographic phenomena within the alpha band. Neurophysiol. Clin. 32, 54\u201371 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin."},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2004.03.006","volume":"14","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Cauter, E. et al. Reciprocal interactions between the GH axis and sleep. Growth Horm. IGF Res. 14 (Suppl. A), S10\u2013S17 (2004).","journal-title":"Growth Horm. IGF Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.7.629","volume":"34","author":"AM Drewes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Drewes, A. M. et al. Sleep intensity in fibromyalgia: focus on the microstructure of the sleep process. Br. J. Rheumatol. 34, 629\u2013635 (1995).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90122-K","volume":"79","author":"JA Horne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horne, J. A. & Shackell, B. S. Alpha-like EEG activity in non-REM sleep and the fibromyalgia (fibrositis) syndrome. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 79, 271\u2013276 (1991).","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR78","first-page":"1113","volume":"21","author":"J Branco","year":"1994","unstructured":"Branco, J., Atalaia, A. & Paiva, T. Sleep cycles and alpha-delta sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome. J. Rheumatol. 21, 1113\u20131117 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.4.741","volume":"27","author":"CA Landis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Landis, C. A., Lentz, M. J., Rothermel, J., Buchwald, D. & Shaver, J. L. Decreased sleep spindles and spindle activity in midlife women with fibromyalgia and pain. Sleep 27, 741\u2013750 (2004).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.10.022","volume":"9","author":"JW Burns","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burns, J. W., Crofford, L. J. & Chervin, R. D. Sleep stage dynamics in fibromyalgia patients and controls. Sleep Med. 9, 689\u2013696 (2008).","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090051","volume":"36","author":"RD Chervin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chervin, R. D. et al. Objective measures of disordered sleep in fibromyalgia. J. Rheumatol. 36, 2009\u20132016 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR82","first-page":"7","volume":"18","author":"LH Larsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Larsen, L. H., Moe, K. E., Vitiello, M. V. & Prinz, P. N. A note on the night-to-night stability of stages 3 + 4 sleep in healthy older adults: a comparison of visual and spectral evaluations of stages 3 + 4 sleep. Sleep 18, 7\u201310 (1995).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR83","first-page":"1193","volume":"31","author":"M Rizzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rizzi, M. et al. Cyclic alternating pattern: a new marker of sleep alteration in patients with fibromyalgia? J. Rheumatol. 31, 1193\u20131199 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70013-3","volume":"9","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Cauter, E., Spiegel, K., Tasali, E. & Leproult, R. Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Med. 9 (Suppl. 1), S23\u2013S28 (2008).","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197601000-00006","volume":"38","author":"H Moldofsky","year":"1976","unstructured":"Moldofsky, H. & Scarisbrick, P. Induction of neurasthenic musculoskeletal pain syndrome by selective sleep stage deprivation. Psychosom. Med. 38, 35\u201344 (1976).","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.4.494","volume":"30","author":"MT Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith, M. T., Edwards, R. R., McCann, U. D. & Haythornthwaite, J. A. The effects of sleep deprivation on pain inhibition and spontaneous pain in women. Sleep 30, 494\u2013505 (2007).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2001.00240.x","volume":"10","author":"SH Onen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Onen, S. H., Alloui, A., Gross, A., Eschallier, A. & Dubray, C. The effects of total sleep deprivation, selective sleep interruption and sleep recovery on pain tolerance thresholds in healthy subjects. J. Sleep Res. 10, 35\u201342 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.2.145","volume":"29","author":"T Roehrs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roehrs, T., Hyde, M., Blaisdell, B., Greenwald, M. & Roth, T. Sleep loss and REM sleep loss are hyperalgesic. Sleep 29, 145\u2013151 (2006).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000145912.24553.c0","volume":"66","author":"B Kundermann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kundermann, B., Spernal, J., Huber, M. T., Krieg, J. C. & Lautenbacher, S. Sleep deprivation affects thermal pain thresholds but not somatosensory thresholds in healthy volunteers. Psychosom. Med. 66, 932\u2013937 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33346","volume":"64","author":"PJ Mork","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mork, P. J. & Nilsen, T. I. Sleep problems and risk of fibromyalgia: longitudinal data on an adult female population in Norway. Arthritis Rheum. 64, 281\u2013284 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34447","volume":"64","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolfe, F. Sleep problems and risk of fibromyalgia\u2014untenable conclusions: comment on the article by Mork et al. Arthritis Rheum. 64, 1692\u20131693 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38284","volume":"66","author":"J McBeth","year":"2014","unstructured":"McBeth, J., Lacey, R. J. & Wilkie, R. Predictors of new-onset widespread pain in older adults: results from a population-based prospective cohort study in the UK. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 757\u2013767 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 79","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR93","first-page":"S53","volume":"31","author":"JN Ablin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ablin, J. N. et al. Effects of sleep restriction and exercise deprivation on somatic symptoms and mood in healthy adults. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 31 (Suppl. 79), S53\u2013S59 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901206010296","volume":"6","author":"E Paul-Savoie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paul-Savoie, E. et al. Is the deficit in pain inhibition in fibromyalgia influenced by sleep impairments? Open Rheumatol. J. 6, 296\u2013302 (2012).","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol. J."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR95","first-page":"1033","volume":"8","author":"A Luca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luca, A., Luca, M. & Calandra, C. Sleep disorders and depression: brief review of the literature, case report, and nonpharmacologic interventions for depression. Clin. Interv. Aging 8, 1033\u20131039 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12254","volume":"24","author":"B Sivertsen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sivertsen, B., Harvey, A. G., Pallesen, S. & Hysing, M. Mental health problems in adolescents with delayed sleep phase: results from a large population-based study in Norway. J. Sleep Res. 24, 11\u201318 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2810","volume":"36","author":"PK Alvaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvaro, P. K., Roberts, R. M. & Harris, J. K. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep 36, 1059\u20131068 (2013).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2014.05.001","volume":"5","author":"LL Toussaint","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toussaint, L. L., Vincent, A., McAllister, S. J., Oh, T. H. & Hassett, A. L. A comparison of fibromyalgia symptoms in patients with healthy versus depressive, low and reactive affect balance styles. Scand. J. Pain 5, 161\u2013166 (2014).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Pain"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24142","volume":"60","author":"IJ Russell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Russell, I. J., Perkins, A. T., Michalek, J. E. & Oxybate SXB-26 Fibromyalgia Syndrome Study Group. Sodium oxybate relieves pain and improves function in fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 299\u2013309 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200418","volume":"71","author":"M Spaeth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spaeth, M. et al. Sodium oxybate therapy provides multidimensional improvement in fibromyalgia: results of an international phase 3 trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 935\u2013942 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR101","first-page":"819","volume":"61","author":"F Ibrahim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ibrahim, F., Lai, C. & Choy, E. Use of path analysis to evaluate the effects of sodium oxybate on pain reduction in patients with fibromyalgia [abstract 819]. Arthritis Rheum. 61 (Suppl. 10), 819 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-013-9520-y","volume":"37","author":"MP Mart\u00ednez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, M. P. et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and sleep hygiene in fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. J. Behav. Med. 37, 683\u2013697 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201556_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1431","volume":"5","author":"H Fields","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fields, H. State-dependent opioid control of pain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 565\u2013575 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.56.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.56","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.56.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T18:19:35Z","timestamp":1747937975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2015.56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrrheum201556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.56","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2015","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author has served as a member of advisory boards, as a consultant and at speaker's bureaus for Eli Lilly, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pierre Fabre Medicament, Pfizer and UCB.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}