{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:39:12Z","timestamp":1793425152940,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]],"date-time":"2017-09-14T05:26:34Z","timestamp":1505366794000},"page":"683-692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":422,"title":["Revised 2017 international consensus on testing of ANCAs in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Bossuyt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Willem","family":"Cohen Tervaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Blockmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe","family":"Flores-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Guillevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Hellmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Charles","family":"Jennette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees G. M.","family":"Kallenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Moiseev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Novikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith Anne","family":"Savige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Alberto","family":"Sinico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Specks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"van Paassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Damoiseaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Csernok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/111.4.507","volume":"111","author":"J Savige","year":"1999","unstructured":"Savige, J. et al. International consensus statement on testing and reporting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 111, 507\u2013513 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.78","volume":"10","author":"E Csernok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Csernok, E. & Moosig, F. Current and emerging techniques for ANCA detection in vasculitis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 10, 494\u2013501 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8320-4","volume":"43","author":"JW Cohen Tervaert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen Tervaert, J. W. & Damoiseaux, J. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: how are they detected and what is their use for diagnosis, classification and follow-up? Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 43, 211\u2013219 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5200","volume":"103","author":"KA Russell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Russell, K. A., Wiegert, E., Schroeder, D. R., Homburger, H. A. & Specks, U. Detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies under actual clinical testing conditions. Clin. Immunol. 103, 196\u2013203 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.07.026","volume":"397","author":"P Vermeersch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vermeersch, P. et al. Determination of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in small vessel vasculitis: comparative analysis of different strategies. Clin. Chim. Acta 397, 77\u201381 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209507","volume":"76","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. Detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs): a multicentre European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) evaluation of the value of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) versus antigen-specific immunoassays. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, 647\u2013653 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.139","volume":"12","author":"J Collison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collison, J. Vasculitis syndromes: new ANCA assays put through their paces. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 560 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210908","volume":"76","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: appropriate use and interpretation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, e24 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210890","volume":"76","author":"P Novikov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Novikov, P., Smitienko, I., Bulanov, N., Zykova, A. & Moiseev, S. Testing for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in patients with systemic vasculitides and other diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, e23 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. Csernok, E., Rasmussen, N., Cohen Tervaert, J. W. & Bossuyt, X. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: reporting and diagnostic strategies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211171 (2017).","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211171"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.03.010","volume":"15","author":"E Csernok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Csernok, E. et al. Evaluation of automated multi-parametric indirect immunofluorescence assays to detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Autoimmun. Rev. 15, 736\u2013741 (2016).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rasmussen, N. et al. Individual values of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies do not correspond between antigen-specific assays. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2017-0362 (2017)","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2017-0362"},{"issue":"Suppl. 127","key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02478.x","volume":"117","author":"JW Cohen Tervaert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen Tervaert, J. W. & Damoiseaux, J. Fifty years of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) testing: do we need to revise the international consensus statement on testing and reporting on ANCA. APMIS Suppl. 117 (Suppl. 127), 55\u201359 (2009).","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR14","first-page":"i8","volume":"30","author":"N Rasmussen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasmussen, N., Wiik, A. & Jayne, D. R. A historical essay on detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 30 (Suppl. 1), i8\u2013i13 (2015).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103987","volume":"38","author":"P Calabresi","year":"1959","unstructured":"Calabresi, P., Edwards, E. A. & Schilling, R. F. Fluorescent antiglobulin studies in leukopenic and related disorders. J. Clin. Invest. 38, 2091\u20132100 (1959).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6342.606","volume":"285","author":"DJ Davies","year":"1982","unstructured":"Davies, D. J., Moran, J. E., Niall, J. F. & Ryan, G. B. Segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis with antineutrophil antibody: possible arbovirus aetiology? Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.) 285, 606 (1982).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91147-X","volume":"1","author":"FJ van der Woude","year":"1985","unstructured":"van der Woude, F. J. et al. Autoantibodies against neutrophils and monocytes: tool for diagnosis and marker of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis. Lancet 1, 425\u2013429 (1985).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806233182504","volume":"318","author":"RJ Falk","year":"1988","unstructured":"Falk, R. J. & Jennette, J. C. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 318, 1651\u20131657 (1988).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR19","first-page":"36","volume":"97","author":"J Cohen Tervaert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cohen Tervaert, J. et al. Wegener's Granulomatosis and anticytoplasmic antibodies: the Groningen experience. APMIS 97 (Suppl. 6), 36 (1989).","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114335","volume":"84","author":"R Goldschmeding","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldschmeding, R. et al. Wegener's granulomatosis autoantibodies identify a novel diisopropylfluorophosphate-binding protein in the lysosomes of normal human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest. 84, 1577\u20131587 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V74.6.1888.1888","volume":"74","author":"JL Niles","year":"1989","unstructured":"Niles, J. L., McCluskey, R. T., Ahmad, M. F. & Arnaout, M. A. Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen is a novel neutrophil serine proteinase. Blood 74, 1888\u20131893 (1989).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/346520a0","volume":"346","author":"DE Jenne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jenne, D. E., Tschopp, J., Ludemann, J., Utecht, B. & Gross, W. L. Wegener's autoantigen decoded. Nature 346, 520 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(93)90136-U","volume":"159","author":"EC Hagen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hagen, E. C. et al. The value of indirect immunofluorescence and solid phase techniques for ANCA detection. A report on the first phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays. J. Immunol. Methods 159, 1\u201316 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(96)00111-1","volume":"196","author":"EC Hagen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hagen, E. C. et al. Development and standardization of solid phase assays for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). A report on the second phase of an international cooperative study on the standardization of ANCA assays. J. Immunol. Methods 196, 1\u201315 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00807.x","volume":"53","author":"EC Hagen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hagen, E. C. et al. Diagnostic value of standardized assays for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in idiopathic systemic vasculitis. EC\/BCR project for ANCA assay standardization. Kidney Int. 53, 743\u2013753 (1998).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR26","first-page":"1584","volume":"28","author":"HK Choi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Choi, H. K., Liu, S., Merkel, P. A., Colditz, G. A. & Niles, J. L. Diagnostic performance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody tests for idiopathic vasculitides: metaanalysis with a focus on antimyeloperoxidase antibodies. J. Rheumatol. 28, 1584\u20131590 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330807","volume":"33","author":"RY Leavitt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Leavitt, R. Y. et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum. 33, 1101\u20131107 (1990).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330812","volume":"33","author":"JF Fries","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fries, J. F. et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Summ. Arthritis Rheum. 33, 1135\u20131136 (1990).","journal-title":"Summ. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370206","volume":"37","author":"JC Jennette","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jennette, J. C. et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 37, 187\u2013192 (1994).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.05412.x","volume":"65","author":"P Heeringa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heeringa, P. & Cohen Tervaert, J. W. Pathophysiology of ANCA-associated vasculitides: are ANCA really pathogenic? Kidney Int. 65, 1564\u20131567 (2004).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834bde57","volume":"24","author":"MM Van Timmeren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Timmeren, M. M. & Heeringa, P. Pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: recent insights from animal models. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 24, 8\u201314 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215918","volume":"110","author":"H Xiao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xiao, H. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 955\u2013963 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028626","volume":"7","author":"MA Little","year":"2012","unstructured":"Little, M. A. et al. Anti-proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies recapitulate systemic vasculitis in mice with a humanized immune system. PLoS ONE. 7, e28626 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00080.x","volume":"57","author":"CF Franssen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Franssen, C. F. et al. Antiproteinase 3- and antimyeloperoxidase-associated vasculitis. Kidney Int. 57, 2195\u20132206 (2000).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.2.178","volume":"40","author":"U Sch\u00f6nermarck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nermarck, U., Lamprecht, P., Csernok, E. & Gross, W. L. Prevalence and spectrum of rheumatic diseases associated with proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 40, 178\u2013184 (2001).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014090903","volume":"26","author":"M Hilhorst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hilhorst, M., van Paassen, P. & Cohen Tervaert, J. W. & Limburg Renal Registry Proteinase 3-ANCA vasculitis versus myeloperoxidase-ANCA vasculitis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 26, 2314\u20132327 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.123","volume":"12","author":"D Cornec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cornec, D., Cornec-Le Gall, E., Fervenza, F. C. & Specks, U. ANCA-associated vasculitis \u2014 clinical utility of using ANCA specificity to classify patients. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 570\u2013579 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108735","volume":"367","author":"PA Lyons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lyons, P. A. et al. Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 367, 214\u2013223 (2012).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","volume":"65","author":"JC Jennette","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jennette, J. C. et al. 2012 revised international Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 65, 1\u201311 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.054593","volume":"66","author":"R Watts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watts, R. et al. Development and validation of a consensus methodology for the classification of the ANCA-associated vasculitides and polyarteritis nodosa for epidemiological studies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66, 222\u2013227 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.119032","volume":"69","author":"N Basu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Basu, N. et al. EULAR points to consider in the development of classification and diagnostic criteria in systemic vasculitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 69, 1744\u20131750 (2010).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90350-5","volume":"127","author":"N Rasmussen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rasmussen, N., Sj\u00f6lin, C., Isaksson, B., Bygren, P. & Wieslander, J. An ELISA for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA). J. Immunol. Methods 127, 139\u2013145 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.48","volume":"37","author":"JW Tervaert","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tervaert, J. W. et al. Autoantibodies against myeloid lysosomal enzymes in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 37, 799\u2013806 (1990).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00873.x","volume":"53","author":"KW Westman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Westman, K. W. et al. Clinical evaluation of a capture ELISA for detection of proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Kidney Int. 53, 1230\u20131236 (1998).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2005.09.004","volume":"307","author":"AS Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee, A. S. et al. A novel capture-ELISA for detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) based on c-myc peptide recognition in carboxy-terminally tagged recombinant neutrophil serine proteases. J. Immunol. Methods 307, 62\u201372 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"issue":"Suppl. 44","key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR46","first-page":"S1","volume":"25","author":"B Hellmich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hellmich, B., Csernok, E., Fredenhagen, G. & Gross, W. L. A novel high sensitivity ELISA for detection of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies against proteinase-3. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 25 (Suppl. 44), S1\u2013S5 (2007).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086579","volume":"68","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a mixture of human native and recombinant proteinase-3 significantly improves the diagnostic potential for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68, 228\u2013233 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04649.x","volume":"1173","author":"D Roggenbuck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roggenbuck, D. et al. High-sensitivity detection of autoantibodies against proteinase-3 by a novel third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1173, 41\u201346 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.07.001","volume":"348","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. EUROPLUS ANCA BIOCHIP mosaic: PR3 and MPO antigen microdots improve the laboratory diagnostics of ANCA-associated vasculitis. J. Immunol. Methods 348, 67\u201373 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107743","volume":"9","author":"M Sowa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sowa, M. et al. Simultaneous automated screening and confirmatory testing for vasculitis-specific ANCA. PLoS ONE. 9, e107743 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762874","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/762874","volume":"2012","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2012","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. Automatic reading of ANCA-slides: evaluation of the AKLIDES system. Clin. Dev. Immunol. 2012, 762874 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Dev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R271","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4119","volume":"14","author":"I Kn\u00fctter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kn\u00fctter, I. et al. Automated interpretation of ANCA patterns \u2014 a new approach in the serology of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 14, R271 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.10.1717","volume":"46","author":"AA Ermens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ermens, A. A. et al. Evaluation of a simple dot-blot method for the detection of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase. Clin. Chem. 46, 1717\u20131719 (2000).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-005-3863-2","volume":"25","author":"JG Damoiseaux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. G. et al. Evaluation of a new fluorescent-enzyme immuno-assay for diagnosis and follow-up of ANCA-associated vasculitis. J. Clin. Immunol. 25, 202\u2013208 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1313.019","volume":"1050","author":"RA Sinico","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sinico, R. A., Radice, A., Corace, C., Di Toma, L. & Sabadini, E. Value of a new automated fluorescence immunoassay (EliA) for PR3 and MPO-ANCA in monitoring disease activity in ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1050, 185\u2013192 (2005).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1398.051","volume":"1109","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Damoiseaux, J. et al. Evaluation of the FIDIS vasculitis multiplex immunoassay for diagnosis and follow-up of ANCA-associated vasculitis and Goodpasture's disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1109, 454\u2013463 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.03.012","volume":"336","author":"M Trevisin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trevisin, M., Pollock, W., Dimech, W. & Savige, J. Evaluation of a multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay to detect PR3- and MPO-ANCA in active and treated vasculitis, and in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). J. Immunol. Methods 336, 104\u2013112 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.07.033","volume":"8","author":"R Kaul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaul, R., Johnson, K., Scholz, H. & Marr, G. Performance of the BioPlex 2200 autoimmune vasculitis kit. Autoimmun. Rev. 8, 224\u2013227 (2009).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2006.02.004","volume":"311","author":"AP Nifli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nifli, A. P. et al. Comparison of a multiplex, bead-based fluorescent assay and immunofluorescence methods for the detection of ANA and ANCA autoantibodies in human serum. J. Immunol. Methods. 311, 189\u2013197 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.01.004","volume":"413","author":"M Mahler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahler, M. et al. Development and performance evaluation of novel chemiluminescence assays for detection of anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibodies. Clin. Chim. Acta 413, 719\u2013726 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-012-0032-5","volume":"3","author":"P Ghillani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ghillani, P. et al. Routine use of Zenit RA, a novel chemiluminescent immunoanalyzer in autoimmune disease diagnosis. Autoimmun. Highlights 3, 27\u201331 (2012).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Highlights"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR62","first-page":"12","volume":"97","author":"A Wiik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wiik, A. Delineation of a standard procedure for indirect immunofluorescence detection of ANCA. APMIS Suppl. 97 (Suppl. 6), 12\u201313 (1989).","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1309\/WAEPADW0K4LPUHFN","volume":"120","author":"J Savige","year":"2003","unstructured":"Savige, J. et al. Addendum to the International Consensus Statement on testing and reporting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Quality control guidelines, comments, and recommendations for testing in other autoimmune diseases. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 120, 312\u2013318 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.05.031","volume":"467","author":"E Monogioudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monogioudi, E. et al. Development of a certified reference material for myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (MPO-ANCA). Clin. Chim. Acta 467, 48\u201350 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.04063.x","volume":"160","author":"D Selga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Selga, D., Segelmark, M., Gunnarsson, L. & Hellmark, T. Epitope shift of proteinase-3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with small vessel vasculitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 160, 318\u2013324 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.06.021","volume":"35","author":"F Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silva, F., Hummel, A. M., Jenne, D. E. & Specks, U. Discrimination and variable impact of ANCA binding to different surface epitopes on proteinase 3, the Wegener's autoantigen. J. Autoimmun. 35, 299\u2013308 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00475.x","volume":"59","author":"YM Van Der Geld","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Der Geld, Y. M. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies to proteinase 3 in Wegener's granulomatosis: epitope analysis using synthetic peptides. Kidney Int. 59, 147\u2013159 (2001).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65292","volume":"123","author":"AJ Roth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roth, A. J. et al. Epitope specificity determines pathogenicity and detectability in ANCA-associated vasculitis. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 1773\u20131783 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060530","volume":"8","author":"SJ Gou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gou, S. J., Xu, P. C., Chen, M. & Zhao, M. H. Epitope analysis of anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. PLoS ONE. 8, e60530 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb04017.x","volume":"51","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suzuki, K. et al. Analysis of risk epitopes of anti-neutrophil antibody MPO-ANCA in vasculitis in Japanese population. Microbiol. Immunol. 51, 1215\u20131220 (2007).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30362","volume":"63","author":"C Espy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Espy, C. et al. Sialylation levels of anti-proteinase 3 antibodies are associated with the activity of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's). Arthritis Rheum. 63, 2105\u20132115 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05647.x","volume":"83","author":"E Brouwer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brouwer, E. et al. Predominance of IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis and clinically related disorders. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 83, 379\u2013386 (1991).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12796","volume":"185","author":"MJ Kemna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kemna, M. J. et al. The avidity of PR3-ANCA in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis during follow-up. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 185, 141\u2013147 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.06.002","volume":"117","author":"Y Gao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Ye, H., Yu, F., Guo, X. H. & Zhao, M. H. Anti-myeloperoxidase IgG subclass distribution and avidity in sera from patients with propylthiouracil-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis. Clin. Immunol. 117, 87\u201393 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1509","volume":"162","author":"LA Mandl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mandl, L. A. et al. Using antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody testing to diagnose vasculitis: can test-ordering guidelines improve diagnostic accuracy? Arch. Intern. Med. 162, 1509\u20131514 (2002).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.8052","volume":"57","author":"D Sinclair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sinclair, D., Saas, M. & Stevens, J. M. The effect of a symptom related \u201cgating policy\u201d on ANCA requests in routine clinical practice. J. Clin. Pathol. 57, 131\u2013134 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2009.072504","volume":"63","author":"DF Arnold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arnold, D. F. et al. Does a gating policy for ANCA overlook patients with ANCA associated vasculitis? An audit of 263 patients. J. Clin. Pathol. 63, 678\u2013680 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex170","volume":"56","author":"X Bossuyt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bossuyt, X. et al. A multicentre study to improve clinical interpretation of proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 56, 1533\u20131541 (2017).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.130583","volume":"55","author":"P Vermeersch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vermeersch, P., Blockmans, D. & Bossuyt, X. Use of likelihood ratios can improve the clinical usefulness of enzyme immunoassays for the diagnosis of small-vessel vasculitis. Clin. Chem. 55, 1886\u20131888 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Rheumatology ad hoc committee on immunologic testing guidelines. Guidelines for immunologic laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases: an introduction. Arthritis Rheum. 47, 429\u2013433 (2002).","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10381"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.013","volume":"8","author":"X Bossuyt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bossuyt, X. Clinical performance characteristics of a laboratory test. A practical approach in the autoimmune laboratory. Autoimmun. Rev. 8, 543\u2013548 (2009).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.84","volume":"170","author":"P Vermeersch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vermeersch, P. & Bossuyt, X. Comparative analysis of different approaches to report diagnostic accuracy. Arch. Intern. Med. 170, 734\u2013735 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.65.3.135","volume":"65","author":"CA Langford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Langford, C. A. The diagnostic utility of C-ANCA in Wegener's granulomatosis. Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 65, 135\u2013140 (1998).","journal-title":"Cleve. Clin. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1998.36","volume":"53","author":"JC Jennette","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jennette, J. C., Wilkman, A. S. & Falk, R. J. Diagnostic predictive value of ANCA serology. Kidney Int. 53, 796\u2013798 (1998).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouthon, L., Dunogue, B. & Guillevin, L. Diagnosis and classification of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly named Churg-Strauss syndrome). J. Autoimmun. 48\u201349, 99\u2013103 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.018"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellmark, T. & Segelmark, M. Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). J. Autoimmun. 48\u201349, 108\u2013112 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.024"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(03)00097-9","volume":"14","author":"A Rutgers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rutgers, A., Heeringa, P., Damoiseaux, J. G. & Tervaert, J. W. ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies in diagnosis and follow-up of vasculitic disease. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 14, 287\u2013295 (2003).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.058560","volume":"52","author":"X Bossuyt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bossuyt, X. Serologic markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Chem. 52, 171\u2013181 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90215-K","volume":"102","author":"JW Tervaert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tervaert, J. W. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis, and autoimmune diseases. Gastroenterology 102, 1090\u20131091 (1992).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80241-X","volume":"32","author":"C Roozendaal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roozendaal, C. et al. Clinical significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in autoimmune liver diseases. J. Hepatol. 32, 734\u2013741 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.09.003","volume":"6","author":"A Dignass","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dignass, A. et al. Second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis part 1: definitions and diagnosis. J. Crohns Colitis 6, 965\u2013990 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.06.005","volume":"424","author":"M Mahler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahler, M. et al. PR3-ANCA: a promising biomarker for ulcerative colitis with extensive disease. Clin. Chim. Acta 424, 267\u2013273 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-012-8349-4","volume":"45","author":"MT Arias-Loste","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arias-Loste, M. T. et al. Presence of anti-proteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anti-PR3 ANCA) as serologic markers in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 45, 109\u2013116 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112877","volume":"9","author":"LM Stinton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stinton, L. M. et al. PR3-ANCA: a promising biomarker in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PLoS ONE 9, e112877 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.07.006","volume":"45","author":"A Sy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sy, A. et al. Vasculitis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a study of 32 patients and systematic review of the literature. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 45, 475\u2013482 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev199","volume":"54","author":"S Humbert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Humbert, S. et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: 11 retrospective cases from the French Vasculitis Study Group. Rheumatology (Oxford) 54, 1970\u20131975 (2015).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.016","volume":"15","author":"M Weiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiner, M. & Segelmark, M. The clinical presentation and therapy of diseases related to anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Autoimmun Rev. 15, 978\u2013982 (2016).","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.01.012","volume":"84","author":"C Philipponnet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Philipponnet, C. et al. Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and malignant hemopathies, a retrospective study of 16 cases. Joint Bone Spine. 84, 51\u201357 (2017).","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep026","volume":"48","author":"CC Belizna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Belizna, C. C., Hamidou, M. A., Levesque, H., Guillevin, L. & Shoenfeld, Y. Infection and vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 48, 475\u2013482 (2009).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2564","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002564","volume":"95","author":"V Langlois","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langlois, V. et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated with infective endocarditis. Medicine (Baltimore) 95, e2564 (2016).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38389","volume":"66","author":"A Mahr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahr, A. et al. Brief report: prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in infective endocarditis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 1672\u20131677 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR102","first-page":"496","volume":"3","author":"M Reza Ardalan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reza Ardalan, M. & Trillini, M. Infective endocarditis mimics ANCA associated glomerulonephritis. Caspian J. Intern. Med. 3, 496\u2013499 (2012).","journal-title":"Caspian J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0929-0","volume":"102","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghosh, K., Pradhan, V. & Ghosh, K. Background noise of infection for using ANCA as a diagnostic tool for vasculitis in tropical and developing countries. Parasitol. Res. 102, 1093\u20131095 (2008).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg066","volume":"42","author":"LF Flores-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flores-Su\u00e1rez, L. F., Cabiedes, J., Villa, A. R., van der Woude, F. J. & Alcocer-Varela, J. Prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in patients with tuberculosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42, 223\u2013229 (2003).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3009-z","volume":"34","author":"I Lima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lima, I. et al. Anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibodies are not present in sera of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Rheumatol. Int. 34, 1231\u20131234 (2014).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-015-0545-9","volume":"17","author":"RG Grau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grau, R. G. Drug-induced vasculitis: new insights and a changing lineup of suspects. Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 17, 71 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000014","volume":"26","author":"WF Pendergraft","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pendergraft, W. F. & Niles, J. L. Trojan horses: drug culprits associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 26, 42\u201349 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03440411","volume":"6","author":"MM McGrath","year":"2011","unstructured":"McGrath, M. M. et al. Contaminated cocaine and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6, 2799\u20132805 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20927","volume":"53","author":"MC Slot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slot, M. C., Links, T. P., Stegeman, C. A. & Tervaert, J. W. Occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and associated vasculitis in patients with hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs: a long-term followup study. Arthritis Rheum. 53, 108\u2013113 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2245-z","volume":"32","author":"P Lenert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lenert, P., Icardi, M. & Dahmoush, L. ANA (+) ANCA (+) systemic vasculitis associated with the use of minocycline: case-based review. Clin. Rheumatol. 32, 1099\u20131106 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.12.1327","volume":"35","author":"K Gaffney","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gaffney, K. & Merry, P. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive polyarthritis associated with minocycline therapy. Br. J. Rheumatol. 35, 1327 (1996).","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03357.x","volume":"142","author":"J Dunphy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dunphy, J., Oliver, M., Rands, A. L., Lovell, C. R. & McHugh, N. J. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and HLA class II alleles in minocycline-induced lupus-like syndrome. Br. J. Dermatol. 142, 461\u2013467 (2000).","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum2017140_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00325-8","volume":"105","author":"O Elkayam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elkayam, O. et al. Clinical and immunological study of 7 patients with minocycline-induced autoimmune phenomena. Am. J. Med. 105, 484\u2013487 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.140","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:40:55Z","timestamp":1684456855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrrheum2017140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"XB has been a consultant for Inova Diagnostics and has received lecture fees from Inova Diagnostics, Menarini and Thermo Fisher. None of the other authors declare a competing interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}