{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:20:32Z","timestamp":1792095632791,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T01:58:43Z","timestamp":1490925523000},"page":"291-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":289,"title":["Immunometabolism in early and late stages of rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cornelia M.","family":"Weyand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg J.","family":"Goronzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11223","volume":"48","author":"S Rantap\u00e4\u00e4-Dahlqvist","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rantap\u00e4\u00e4-Dahlqvist, S. et al. Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 2741\u20132749 (2003).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11224","volume":"48","author":"DS Majka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Majka, D. S. & Holers, V. M. Can we accurately predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the preclinical phase? Arthritis Rheum. 48, 2701\u20132705 (2003).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021933","volume":"349","author":"MR Arbuckle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arbuckle, M. R. et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1526\u20131533 (2003).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR4","first-page":"575","volume":"14","author":"T Kimpimaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kimpimaki, T. & Knip, M. Disease-associated autoantibodies as predictive markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus in siblings of affected children. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 14 (Suppl. 1), 575\u2013587 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1040","volume":"33","author":"M Knip","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knip, M. et al. Prediction of type 1 diabetes in the general population. Diabetes Care 33, 1206\u20131212 (2010).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev347","volume":"55","author":"DM Gerlag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gerlag, D. M., Norris, J. M. & Tak, P. P. Towards prevention of autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: from lifestyle modification to preventive treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 55, 607\u2013614 (2016).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.07.015","volume":"40","author":"SC Law","year":"2014","unstructured":"Law, S. C., Benham, H., Reid, H. H., Rossjohn, J. & Thomas, R. Identification of self-antigen-specific T cells reflecting loss of tolerance in autoimmune disease underpins preventative immunotherapeutic strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 40, 735\u2013752 (2014).","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.03.003","volume":"15","author":"P Conigliaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conigliaro, P. et al. Autoantibodies in inflammatory arthritis. Autoimmun. Rev. 15, 673\u2013683 (2016).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39664","volume":"68","author":"H Koppejan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koppejan, H. et al. Role of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies compared to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in indigenous North Americans with rheumatoid arthritis, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68, 2090\u20132098 (2016).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000277","volume":"28","author":"J Dekkers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dekkers, J., Toes, R. E., Huizinga, T. W. & van der Woude, D. The role of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 28, 275\u2013281 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092254","volume":"4","author":"JB Imboden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Imboden, J. B. The immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 4, 417\u2013434 (2009).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.11.004","volume":"137","author":"B Grimbacher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grimbacher, B., Warnatz, K., Yong, P. F., Korganow, A. S. & Peter, H. H. The crossroads of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency: lessons from polygenic traits and monogenic defects. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 137, 3\u201317 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0647","volume":"3","author":"Z Szekanecz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szekanecz, Z. & Koch, A. E. Mechanisms of disease: angiogenesis in inflammatory diseases. Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol. 3, 635\u2013643 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii60","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.suppl_2.ii60","volume":"62","author":"AE Koch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koch, A. E. Angiogenesis as a target in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 62 (Suppl. 2), ii60\u2013ii67 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141548","volume":"25","author":"MA Williams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams, M. A. & Bevan, M. J. Effector and memory CTL differentiation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25, 171\u2013192 (2007).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.02.005","volume":"21","author":"EM Van Leeuwen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Leeuwen, E. M., Sprent, J. & Surh, C. D. Generation and maintenance of memory CD4+ T cells. Curr. Opim. Immunol. 21, 167\u2013172 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Opim. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2010.02.008","volume":"131","author":"R Dziurla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dziurla, R. et al. Effects of hypoxia and\/or lack of glucose on cellular energy metabolism and cytokine production in stimulated human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunol. Lett. 131, 97\u2013105 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738047","volume":"38","author":"R Tripmacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tripmacher, R. et al. Human CD4+ T cells maintain specific functions even under conditions of extremely restricted ATP production. Eur. J. Immunol. 38, 1631\u20131642 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2014.01.006","volume":"27","author":"JA Maciolek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maciolek, J. A., Pasternak, J. A. & Wilson, H. L. Metabolism of activated T lymphocytes. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 27, 60\u201374 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01155.x","volume":"249","author":"R Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, R. & Green, D. R. Metabolic reprogramming and metabolic dependency in T cells. Immunol. Rev. 249, 14\u201326 (2012).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20150153","volume":"43","author":"S Schuster","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schuster, S., Boley, D., Moller, P., Stark, H. & Kaleta, C. Mathematical models for explaining the Warburg effect: a review focussed on ATP and biomass production. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 43, 1187\u20131194 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.09.017","volume":"118","author":"H Stark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stark, H., Fichtner, M., Konig, R., Lorkowski, S. & Schuster, S. Causes of upregulation of glycolysis in lymphocytes upon stimulation. A comparison with other cell types. Biochimie 118, 185\u2013194 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR23","first-page":"423","volume":"1826","author":"P Icard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Icard, P. & Lincet, H. A global view of the biochemical pathways involved in the regulation of the metabolism of cancer cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1826, 423\u2013433 (2012).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-382-0_1","volume":"810","author":"VM Madeira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madeira, V. M. Overview of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Methods Mol. Biol. 810, 1\u20136 (2012).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2014.09.002","volume":"19","author":"EN Maldonado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maldonado, E. N. & Lemasters, J. J. ATP\/ADP ratio, the missed connection between mitochondria and the Warburg effect. Mitochondrion 19, 78\u201384 (2014).","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.10.012","volume":"1807","author":"C Jose","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jose, C., Bellance, N. & Rossignol, R. Choosing between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation: a tumor's dilemma? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807, 552\u2013561 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130252","volume":"210","author":"Z Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Fujii, H., Mohan, S. V., Goronzy, J. J. & Weyand, C. M. Phosphofructokinase deficiency impairs ATP generation, autophagy, and redox balance in rheumatoid arthritis T cells. J. Exp. Med. 210, 2119\u20132134 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR28","first-page":"331ra38","volume":"8","author":"Z Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, Z. et al. Restoring oxidant signaling suppresses proarthritogenic T cell effector functions in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci. Transl Med. 8, 331ra38 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-13-0097","volume":"12","author":"BF Clem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clem, B. F. et al. Targeting 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. Mol. Cancer. Ther. 12, 1461\u20131470 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0621-1","volume":"23","author":"M Akimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akimoto, M. et al. Assessment of peripheral blood CD4+ adenosine triphosphate activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod. Rheumatol. 23, 19\u201327 (2013).","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.27345","volume":"10","author":"Z Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Goronzy, J. J. & Weyand, C. M. The glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3\/phosphofructokinase regulates autophagy. Autophagy 10, 382\u2013383 (2014).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-015-1297-8","volume":"93","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Goronzy, J. J. & Weyand, C. M. Autophagy in autoimmune disease. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) 93, 707\u2013717 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2014.12.003","volume":"126","author":"AK Nagel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagel, A. K. & Ball, L. E. Intracellular protein O-GlcNAc modification integrates nutrient status with transcriptional and metabolic regulation. Adv. Cancer Res. 126, 137\u2013166 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0094rev","volume":"15","author":"JA Hanover","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hanover, J. A. Glycan-dependent signaling: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine. FASEB J. 15, 1865\u20131876 (2001).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2008.129","volume":"9","author":"A Golks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Golks, A. & Guerini, D. The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification in cellular signalling and the immune system. 'Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects' review series. EMBO Rep. 9, 748\u2013753 (2008).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40133","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.277814","volume":"286","author":"A Grigorian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grigorian, A. et al. N-acetylglucosamine inhibits T-helper 1 (Th1)\/T-helper 17 (Th17) cell responses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 40133\u201340141 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3439","volume":"17","author":"M Swamy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swamy, M. et al. Glucose and glutamine fuel protein O-GlcNAcylation to control T cell self-renewal and malignancy. Nat. Immunol. 17, 712\u2013720 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C246","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00516.2003","volume":"287","author":"HJ Forman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forman, H. J., Fukuto, J. M. & Torres, M. Redox signaling: thiol chemistry defines which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can act as second messengers. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 287, C246\u2013C256 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000047804","volume":"11","author":"H Sauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sauer, H., Wartenberg, M. & Hescheler, J. Reactive oxygen species as intracellular messengers during cell growth and differentiation. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 11, 173\u2013186 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.08.002","volume":"22","author":"R Mittler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mittler, R. ROS are good. Trends Plant Sci. 22, 11\u201319 (2017).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060614-034335","volume":"84","author":"TT Paull","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paull, T. T. Mechanisms of ATM activation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 84, 711\u2013738 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12378","volume":"269","author":"R Holmdahl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holmdahl, R., Sareila, O., Olsson, L. M., Backdahl, L. & Wing, K. Ncf1 polymorphism reveals oxidative regulation of autoimmune chronic inflammation. Immunol. Rev. 269, 228\u2013247 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.026435","volume":"9","author":"AC Yau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yau, A. C. & Holmdahl, R. Rheumatoid arthritis: identifying and characterising polymorphisms using rat models. Dis. Model. Mech. 9, 1111\u20131123 (2016).","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01293.x","volume":"58","author":"P Olofsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Olofsson, P. & Holmdahl, R. Positional cloning of Ncf1 \u2014 a piece in the puzzle of arthritis genetics. Scand. J. Immunol. 58, 155\u2013164 (2003).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3020","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31935","volume":"117","author":"KA Gelderman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gelderman, K. A. et al. Macrophages suppress T cell responses and arthritis development in mice by producing reactive oxygen species. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 3020\u20133028 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604571103","volume":"103","author":"KA Gelderman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gelderman, K. A., Hultqvist, M., Holmberg, J., Olofsson, P. & Holmdahl, R. T cell surface redox levels determine T cell reactivity and arthritis susceptibility. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 12831\u201312836 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5828","volume":"21","author":"T Kelkka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelkka, T. et al. Reactive oxygen species deficiency induces autoimmunity with type 1 interferon signature. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 2231\u20132245 (2014).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17686","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012016107","volume":"107","author":"MD Kraaij","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kraaij, M. D. et al. Induction of regulatory T cells by macrophages is dependent on production of reactive oxygen species. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 17686\u201317691 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1569","volume":"9","author":"KA Gelderman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gelderman, K. A. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis: the role of reactive oxygen species in disease development and therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 9, 1541\u20131567 (2007).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316640919","volume":"25","author":"D Kienhofer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kienhofer, D., Boeltz, S. & Hoffmann, M. H. Reactive oxygen homeostasis \u2014 the balance for preventing autoimmunity. Lupus 25, 943\u2013954 (2016).","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2741\/4218","volume":"19","author":"NA Shirwany","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shirwany, N. A. & Zou, M. H. AMPK: a cellular metabolic and redox sensor. A minireview. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 19, 447\u2013474 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.014","volume":"63","author":"M Dodson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dodson, M., Darley-Usmar, V. & Zhang, J. Cellular metabolic and autophagic pathways: traffic control by redox signaling. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 63, 207\u2013221 (2013).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.23937\/2469-5726\/1510005","volume":"1","author":"H Yan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan, H., Zhou, H. F., Hu, Y. & Pham, C. T. Suppression of experimental arthritis through AMP-activated protein kinase activation and autophagy modulation. J. Rheum. Dis. Treat. 1, 5 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Rheum. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.03.020","volume":"16","author":"KY Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang, K. Y. et al. Metformin downregulates Th17 cells differentiation and attenuates murine autoimmune arthritis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 16, 85\u201392 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206305","volume":"75","author":"CC Thornton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thornton, C. C. et al. Methotrexate-mediated activation of an AMPK-CREB-dependent pathway: a novel mechanism for vascular protection in chronic systemic inflammation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 75, 439\u2013448 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.10.004","volume":"40","author":"KE Wellen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wellen, K. E. & Thompson, C. B. Cellular metabolic stress: considering how cells respond to nutrient excess. Mol. Cell 40, 323\u2013332 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2014.11.005","volume":"36","author":"KN Pollizzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pollizzi, K. N. & Powell, J. D. Regulation of T cells by mTOR: the known knowns and the known unknowns. Trends Immunol. 36, 13\u201320 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2016.09.003","volume":"28","author":"MO Johnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson, M. O., Siska, P. J., Contreras, D. C. & Rathmell, J. C. Nutrients and the microenvironment to feed a T cell army. Semin. Immunol. 28, 505\u2013513 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.172","volume":"12","author":"A Perl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perl, A. Activation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) in rheumatic diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 169\u2013182 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.07.026","volume":"68","author":"GM Delgoffe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delgoffe, G. M. & Powell, J. D. Feeding an army: the metabolism of T cells in activation, anergy, and exhaustion. Mol. Immunol. 68, 492\u2013496 (2015).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00001","volume":"6","author":"CS Palmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmer, C. S., Ostrowski, M., Balderson, B., Christian, N. & Crowe, S. M. Glucose metabolism regulates T cell activation, differentiation, and functions. Front. Immunol. 6, 1 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.69","volume":"12","author":"U Fearon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fearon, U., Canavan, M., Biniecka, M. & Veale, D. J. Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 385\u2013397 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.1072","volume":"167","author":"S Takemura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takemura, S. et al. Lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatoid synovitis. J. Immunol. 167, 1072\u20131080 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25265","volume":"115","author":"TM Seyler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seyler, T. M. et al. BLyS and APRIL in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 3083\u20133092 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v3","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes113","volume":"51","author":"E Choy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choy, E. Understanding the dynamics: pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 51 (Suppl. 5), v3\u2013v11 (2012).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.03.003","volume":"36","author":"S Karmakar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karmakar, S., Kay, J. & Gravallese, E. M. Bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanistic insights and approaches to prevention. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. 36, 385\u2013404 (2010).","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00854.x","volume":"233","author":"SK Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang, S. K., Gu, Z. & Brenner, M. B. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in inflammatory arthritis pathology: the emerging role of cadherin-11. Immunol. Rev. 233, 256\u2013266 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0542-4","volume":"17","author":"Z Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Matteson, E. L., Goronzy, J. J. & Weyand, C. M. T-cell metabolism in autoimmune disease. Arthritis Res. Ther. 17, 29 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2963","volume":"18","author":"G Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, G. et al. Decline in miR-181a expression with age impairs T cell receptor sensitivity by increasing DUSP6 activity. Nat. Med. 18, 1518\u20131524 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2588","volume":"14","author":"JJ Goronzy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goronzy, J. J. & Weyand, C. M. Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines. Nat. Immunol. 14, 428\u2013436 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3862","volume":"15","author":"EJ Wherry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wherry, E. J. & Kurachi, M. Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 15, 486\u2013499 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00626.x","volume":"223","author":"M Feldmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feldmann, M. & Maini, S. R. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis: an education in pathophysiology and therapeutics. Immunol. Rev. 223, 7\u201319 (2008).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39269","volume":"67","author":"M Feldmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldmann, M. & Maini, R. N. Perspectives from masters in rheumatology and autoimmunity: can we get closer to a cure for rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 2283\u20132291 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3330","volume":"18","author":"EL LaGory","year":"2016","unstructured":"LaGory, E. L. & Giaccia, A. J. The ever-expanding role of HIF in tumour and stromal biology. Nat. Cell Biol. 18, 356\u2013365 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.09.008","volume":"41","author":"A Palazon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palazon, A., Goldrath, A. W., Nizet, V. & Johnson, R. S. HIF transcription factors, inflammation, and immunity. Immunity 41, 518\u2013528 (2014).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605317113","volume":"113","author":"DM Lewis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lewis, D. M. et al. Intratumoral oxygen gradients mediate sarcoma cell invasion. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 9292\u20139297 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.4.266","volume":"93","author":"M Hockel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hockel, M. & Vaupel, P. Tumor hypoxia: definitions and current clinical, biologic, and molecular aspects. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 93, 266\u2013276 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200107)44:7<1540::AID-ART277>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"44","author":"AP Hollander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hollander, A. P., Corke, K. P., Freemont, A. J. & Lewis, C. E. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 by macrophages in the rheumatoid synovium: implications for targeting of therapeutic genes to the inflamed joint. Arthritis Rheum. 44, 1540\u20131544 (2001).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2568","volume":"11","author":"B Muz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muz, B., Khan, M. N., Kiriakidis, S. & Paleolog, E. M. Hypoxia. The role of hypoxia and HIF-dependent signalling events in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, 201 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208476","volume":"75","author":"M Biniecka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biniecka, M. et al. Dysregulated bioenergetics: a key regulator of joint inflammation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 75, 2192\u20132200 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.164","volume":"12","author":"SW Tas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tas, S. W., Maracle, C. X., Balogh, E. & Szekanecz, Z. Targeting of proangiogenic signalling pathways in chronic inflammation. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 111\u2013122 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780140407","volume":"14","author":"PS Treuhaft","year":"1971","unstructured":"Treuhaft, P. S. & McCarty, D. J. Synovial fluid pH, lactate, oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure in various joint diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 14, 475\u2013484 (1971).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR83","first-page":"195","volume":"36","author":"DP Thomas","year":"1955","unstructured":"Thomas, D. P. & Dingle, J. T. In vitro studies of rheumatoid synovium; preliminary metabolic comparison between synovial membrane and villi. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 36, 195\u2013198 (1955).","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106594","volume":"50","author":"EJ Goetzl","year":"1971","unstructured":"Goetzl, E. J. et al. A physiological approach to the assessment of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Invest. 50, 1167\u20131180 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132695","volume":"10","author":"XY Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, X. Y. et al. Energy metabolism disorder as a contributing factor of rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative proteomic and metabolomic study. PLoS ONE 10, e0132695 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39608","volume":"68","author":"R Garcia-Carbonell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garcia-Carbonell, R. et al. Critical role of glucose metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68, 1614\u20131626 (2016).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39270","volume":"67","author":"W Fujii","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujii, W. et al. Monocarboxylate transporter 4, associated with the acidification of synovial fluid, is a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 2888\u20132896 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.08.044","volume":"29","author":"R Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, R., Wu, X., Wang, Z., Ge, J. & Chen, F. Interleukin-6 enhances acid-induced apoptosis via upregulating acid-sensing ion channel 1a expression and function in rat articular chondrocytes. Int. Immunopharmacol. 29, 748\u2013760 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002202","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002202","volume":"13","author":"R Haas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haas, R. et al. Lactate regulates metabolic and pro-inflammatory circuits in control of T cell migration and effector functions. PLoS Biol. 13, e1002202 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15171","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15171","volume":"5","author":"FP Veras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Veras, F. P. et al. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, a high-energy intermediate of glycolysis, attenuates experimental arthritis by activating anti-inflammatory adenosinergic pathway. Sci. Rep. 5, 15171 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.7.919","volume":"51","author":"PR Colville-Nash","year":"1992","unstructured":"Colville-Nash, P. R. & Scott, D. L. Angiogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 919\u2013925 (1992).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.205","volume":"8","author":"S Konisti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Konisti, S., Kiriakidis, S. & Paleolog, E. M. Hypoxia \u2014 a key regulator of angiogenesis and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 8, 153\u2013162 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.68","volume":"25","author":"B Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly, B. & O'Neill, L. A. Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity. Cell Res. 25, 771\u2013784 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05039.x","volume":"1177","author":"F Weinberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weinberg, F. & Chandel, N. S. Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1177, 66\u201373 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097501","volume":"9","author":"S Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. Global metabolite profiling of synovial fluid for the specific diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis from other inflammatory arthritis. PLoS ONE 9, e97501 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.02.003","volume":"41","author":"R Haas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haas, R. et al. Intermediates of metabolism: from bystanders to signalling molecules. Trends Biochem. Sci. 41, 460\u2013471 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021115-105403","volume":"78","author":"J Peti-Peterdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peti-Peterdi, J., Kishore, B. K. & Pluznick, J. L. Regulation of vascular and renal function by metabolite receptors. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 78, 391\u2013414 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.03.030","volume":"26","author":"A Salminen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K., Hiltunen, M. & Kauppinen, A. Krebs cycle dysfunction shapes epigenetic landscape of chromatin: novel insights into mitochondrial regulation of aging process. Cell Signal. 26, 1598\u20131603 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445427","volume":"46","author":"EL Mills","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mills, E. L. & O'Neill, L. A. Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages as an anti-inflammatory signal. Eur. J. Immunol. 46, 13\u201321 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2016.03.012","volume":"1857","author":"L Tretter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tretter, L., Patocs, A. & Chinopoulos, C. Succinate, an intermediate in metabolism, signal transduction, ROS, hypoxia, and tumorigenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1857, 1086\u20131101 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.09.001","volume":"27","author":"KC El Kasmi","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Kasmi, K. C. & Stenmark, K. R. Contribution of metabolic reprogramming to macrophage plasticity and function. Semin. Immunol. 27, 267\u2013275 (2015).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2013.11.008","volume":"24","author":"E Mills","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mills, E. & O'Neill, L. A. Succinate: a metabolic signal in inflammation. Trends Cell Biol. 24, 313\u2013320 (2014).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203670","volume":"74","author":"CS Bonnet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonnet, C. S. et al. AMPA\/kainate glutamate receptors contribute to inflammation, degeneration and pain related behaviour in inflammatory stages of arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 74, 242\u2013251 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160061","volume":"213","author":"A Littlewood-Evans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Littlewood-Evans, A. et al. GPR91 senses extracellular succinate released from inflammatory macrophages and exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis. J. Exp. Med. 213, 1655\u20131662 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1657","volume":"9","author":"T Rubic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rubic, T. et al. Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances immunity. Nat. Immunol. 9, 1261\u20131269 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","volume":"496","author":"GM Tannahill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tannahill, G. M. et al. Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1\u03b2 through HIF-1\u03b1. Nature 496, 238\u2013242 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150900","volume":"213","author":"T Shirai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shirai, T. et al. The glycolytic enzyme PKM2 bridges metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction in coronary artery disease. J. Exp. Med. 213, 337\u2013354 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.162","volume":"12","author":"M Nefla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nefla, M., Holzinger, D., Berenbaum, F. & Jacques, C. The danger from within: alarmins in arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 669\u2013683 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lavric, M., Miranda-Garcia, M. A., Holzinger, D., Foell, D. & Wittkowski, H. Alarmins firing arthritis: helpful diagnostic tools and promising therapeutic targets. Joint Bone Spine http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.06.010 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.06.010"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.2910","volume":"31","author":"JA Dos Santos Jaques","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dos Santos Jaques, J. A. et al. Activities of enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Biochem. Funct. 31, 395\u2013399 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201098","volume":"189","author":"S Arandjelovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arandjelovic, S., McKenney, K. R., Leming, S. S. & Mowen, K. A. ATP induces protein arginine deiminase 2-dependent citrullination in mast cells through the P2X7 purinergic receptor. J. Immunol. 189, 4112\u20134122 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-008-0365-8","volume":"86","author":"F Caporali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Caporali, F. et al. Human rheumatoid synoviocytes express functional P2X7 receptors. J. Mol. Med. (Berl.) 86, 937\u2013949 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.01.002","volume":"14","author":"F Fang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fang, F. et al. Expression of CD39 on activated T cells impairs their survival in older individuals. Cell Rep. 14, 1218\u20131231 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12375","volume":"269","author":"K Pelka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pelka, K., Shibata, T., Miyake, K. & Latz, E. Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and autoimmunity: novel insights from structural and cell biology. Immunol. Rev. 269, 60\u201375 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berthelot, J. M., Le Goff, B., Neel, A., Maugars, Y. & Hamidou, M. NETosis: at the crossroads of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis. Joint Bone Spine http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.05.013 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.05.013"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR116","first-page":"403","volume":"55","author":"Y Dai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dai, Y. & Hu, S. Recent insights into the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 55, 403\u2013410 (2016).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.03.004","volume":"26","author":"R van der Burgh","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Burgh, R. & Boes, M. Mitochondria in autoinflammation: cause, mediator or bystander? Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 26, 263\u2013271 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.02.002","volume":"42","author":"SE Weinberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weinberg, S. E., Sena, L. A. & Chandel, N. S. Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 42, 406\u2013417 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00951","volume":"15","author":"NA Yousri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yousri, N. A. et al. Diagnostic and prognostic metabolites identified for joint symptoms in the KORA population. J. Proteome Res. 15, 554\u2013562 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-016-1108-4","volume":"12","author":"DB Kell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kell, D. B. & Oliver, S. G. The metabolome 18 years on: a concept comes of age. Metabolomics 12, 148 (2016).","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1021\/pr400415a","volume":"12","author":"M Jiang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jiang, M. et al. Serum metabolic signatures of four types of human arthritis. J. Proteome Res. 12, 3769\u20133779 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3243","volume":"13","author":"RK Madsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madsen, R. K. et al. Diagnostic properties of metabolic perturbations in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 13, R19 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1021\/pr1002774","volume":"9","author":"MB Lauridsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lauridsen, M. B. et al. 1H NMR spectroscopy-based interventional metabolic phenotyping: a cohort study of rheumatoid arthritis patients. J. Proteome Res. 9, 4545\u20134553 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38021","volume":"65","author":"SP Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young, S. P. et al. The impact of inflammation on metabolomic profiles in patients with arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 65, 2015\u20132023 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.02.004","volume":"127","author":"J Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. Exploration of the serum metabolite signature in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 127, 60\u201367 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.10.007","volume":"117","author":"A Zabek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zabek, A. et al. Application of 1H NMR-based serum metabolomic studies for monitoring female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 117, 544\u2013550 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3426-2","volume":"36","author":"I Surowiec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Surowiec, I. et al. Metabolomics study of fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis naive to biological treatment. Rheumatol. Int. 36, 703\u2013711 (2016).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000011","volume":"26","author":"CM Weyand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weyand, C. M., Yang, Z. & Goronzy, J. J. T-cell aging in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 26, 93\u2013100 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.013","volume":"45","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Deficient activity of the nuclease MRE11A induces T cell aging and promotes arthritogenic effector functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity 45, 903\u2013916 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-016-0126-1","volume":"14","author":"M de Castro Fonseca","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Castro Fonseca, M., Aguiar, C. J., da Rocha Franco, J. A., Gingold, R. N. & Leite, M. F. GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates. Cell Commun. Signal. 14, 3 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.06.038","volume":"63","author":"A Dutta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dutta, A., Abmayr, S. M. & Workman, J. L. Diverse activities of histone acylations connect metabolism to chromatin function. Mol. Cell 63, 547\u2013552 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0575-y","volume":"18","author":"SK Tedeschi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tedeschi, S. K. & Costenbader, K. H. Is there a role for diet in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis? Curr. Rheumatol. Rep. 18, 23 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicolau, J., Lequerre, T., Bacquet, H. & Vittecoq, O. Rheumatoid arthritis, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Joint Bone Spine http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.09.001 (2016).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.09.001"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR134","unstructured":"Rhoads, J. P., Major, A. S. & Rathmell, J. C. Fine tuning of immune metabolism for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. (in press)."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331fs8","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf4953","volume":"8","author":"GC Tsokos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsokos, G. C. Metabolic control of arthritis: switch pathways to treat. Sci. Transl Med. 8, 331fs8 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl Med."},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2950","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307736110","volume":"110","author":"DN Tripathi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tripathi, D. N. et al. Reactive nitrogen species regulate autophagy through ATM-AMPK-TSC2-mediated suppression of mTORC1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, E2950\u2013E2957 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrrheum201749_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913860107","volume":"107","author":"A Alexander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alexander, A. et al. ATM signals to TSC2 in the cytoplasm to regulate mTORC1 in response to ROS. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 4153\u20134158 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.49","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.49","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.49.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T15:54:34Z","timestamp":1750175674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrrheum.2017.49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrrheum201749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.49","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}