{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:43:43Z","timestamp":1792097023113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T09:37:25Z","timestamp":1373967445000},"page":"546-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Prostatic fibrosis, lower urinary tract symptoms, and BPH"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Rodriguez-Nieves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill A.","family":"Macoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR1","first-page":"S19","volume":"11","author":"EE Laborde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laborde, E. E. & McVary, K. T. Medical management of lower urinary tract symptoms. Nat. Rev. Urol. 11, S19\u2013S25 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000155709.37840.fe","volume":"173","author":"JT Wei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wei, J. T., Calhoun, E. & Jacobsen, S. J. Urologic diseases in America project: benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 173, 1256\u20131261 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2381","volume":"166","author":"V Kupelian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kupelian, V. et al. Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and effect on quality of life in a racially and ethnically diverse random sample: the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 2381\u20132387 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.03.057","volume":"72","author":"JK Parsons","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parsons, J. K., Bergstrom, J., Silberstein, J. & Barrett-Connor, E. Prevalence and characteristics of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged > or = 80 years. Urology 72, 318\u2013321 (2008).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x","volume":"108","author":"DE Irwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irwin, D. E., Kopp, Z. S., Agatep, B., Milsom, I. & Abrams, P. Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. BJU Int. 108, 1132\u20131138 (2011).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.11.084","volume":"79","author":"BS Malaeb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Malaeb, B. S., Yu, X., McBean, A. M. & Elliott, S. P. National trends in surgical therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia in the United States (2000\u20132008). Urology 79, 1111\u20131116 (2012).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.039","volume":"180","author":"X Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu, X., Elliott, S. P., Wilt, T. J. & McBean, A. M. Practice patterns in benign prostatic hyperplasia surgical therapy: the dramatic increase in minimally invasive technologies. J. Urol. 180, 241\u2013245 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.11.102","volume":"187","author":"SA Strope","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strope, S. A., Yang, L., Nepple, K. G., Andriole, G. L. & Owens, P. L. Population based comparative effectiveness of transurethral resection of the prostate and laser therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 187, 1341\u20131345 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.10998.x","volume":"110","author":"AE Krambeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krambeck, A. E. et al. Effectiveness of medical and surgical therapies for lower urinary tract symptoms in the community setting. BJU Int. 110, 1332\u20131337 (2012).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030656","volume":"349","author":"JD McConnell","year":"2003","unstructured":"McConnell, J. D. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 2387\u20132398 (2003).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(02)00263-5","volume":"24","author":"OM Bautista","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bautista, O. M. et al. Study design of the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) trial. Control. Clin. Trials 24, 224\u2013243 (2003).","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00352.x","volume":"84","author":"JC Nickel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nickel, J. C., Downey, J., Young, I. & Boag, S. Asymptomatic inflammation and\/or infection in benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 84, 976\u2013981 (1999).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21027","volume":"69","author":"G Robert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Robert, G. et al. Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: A 282 patients' immunohistochemical analysis. Prostate 69, 1774\u20131780 (2009).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.034","volume":"179","author":"NB Delongchamps","year":"2008","unstructured":"Delongchamps, N. B. et al. Evaluation of prostatitis in autopsied prostates--is chronic inflammation more associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia or cancer? J. Urol. 179, 1736\u20131740 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi299","volume":"162","author":"S Sutcliffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sutcliffe, S., Giovannucci, E., De Marzo, A. M., Willett, W. C. & Platz, E. A. Sexually transmitted infections, prostatitis, ejaculation frequency, and the odds of lower urinary tract symptoms. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162, 898\u2013906 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11918-008-0011-5","volume":"6","author":"JL St Sauver","year":"2008","unstructured":"St Sauver, J. L. & Jacobsen, S. J. Inflammatory mechanisms associated with prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms. Curr. Prostate Rep. 6, 67\u201373 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Prostate Rep."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.155","volume":"71","author":"JL St Sauver","year":"2008","unstructured":"St Sauver, J. L. et al. Longitudinal association between prostatitis and development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 71, 475\u2013479 (2008).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028","volume":"31","author":"JN Krieger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krieger, J. N. et al. Epidemiology of prostatitis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 31 (Suppl. 1), S85\u2013S90 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0132-0","volume":"25","author":"R Colodner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Colodner, R., Eliasberg, T., Chazan, B. & Raz, R. Clinical significance of bacteriuria with low colony counts of Enterococcus species. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 25, 238\u2013241 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2005.00173.x","volume":"4","author":"L Begley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Begley, L., Monteleon, C., Shah, R. B., Macdonald, J. W. & Macoska, J. A. CXCL12 overexpression and secretion by aging fibroblasts enhance human prostate epithelial proliferation in vitro. Aging Cell 4, 291\u2013298 (2005).","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.05.012","volume":"43","author":"LA Begley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Begley, L. A., Kasina, S., MacDonald, J. & Macoska, J. A. The inflammatory microenvironment of the aging prostate facilitates cellular proliferation and hypertrophy. Cytokine 43, 194\u2013199 (2008).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.07976","volume":"10","author":"LA Begley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Begley, L. A. et al. CXCL5 promotes prostate cancer progression. Neoplasia 10, 244\u2013254 (2008).","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26767","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700440200","volume":"282","author":"LA Begley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Begley, L. A., MacDonald, J. W., Day, M. L. & Macoska, J. A. CXCL12 activates a robust transcriptional response in human prostate epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 26767\u201326774 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9363","volume":"92","author":"GP Dimri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dimri, G. P. et al. A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 9363\u20139367 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.1997.tb00029.x","volume":"3","author":"F Nishimura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nishimura, F. et al. Comparison of in vitro proliferative capacity of human periodontal ligament cells in juvenile and aged donors. Oral Dis. 3, 162\u2013166 (1997).","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR26","first-page":"33","volume":"5","author":"LM Hjelmeland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hjelmeland, L. M., Cristofolo, V. J., Funk, W., Rakoczy, E. & Katz, M. L. Senescence of the retinal pigment epithelium. Mol. Vis. 5, 33 (1999).","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64949-8","volume":"156","author":"J Kajstura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kajstura, J. et al. Telomere shortening is an in vivo marker of myocyte replication and aging. Am. J. Pathol. 156, 813\u2013819 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-3274(02)00003-5","volume":"9","author":"A Chkhotua","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chkhotua, A. et al. Replicative senescence in organ transplantation-mechanisms and significance. Transpl. Immunol. 9, 165\u2013171 (2002).","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1716","volume":"66","author":"C Bavik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bavik, C. The gene expression program of prostate fibroblast senescence modulates neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation through paracrine mechanisms. Cancer Res. 66, 794\u2013802 (2006).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060301","volume":"6","author":"JP Coppe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coppe, J. P. et al. Senescence-associated secretory phenotypes reveal cell-nonautonomous functions of oncogenic RAS and the p53 tumour suppressor. PLoS Biol. 6, 2853\u20132868 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801875","volume":"182","author":"G Penna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Penna, G. et al. Human benign prostatic hyperplasia stromal cells as inducers and targets of chronic immuno-mediated inflammation. J. Immunol. 182, 4056\u20134064 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21081","volume":"70","author":"K Fujita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fujita, K. et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1\/CCL2) is associated with prostatic growth dysregulation and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 70, 473\u2013481 (2010).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.11.083","volume":"72","author":"IG Schauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schauer, I. G., Ressler, S. J., Tuxhorn, J. A., Dang, T. D. & Rowley, D. R. Elevated epithelial expression of interleukin-8 correlates with myofibroblast reactive stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 72, 205\u2013213 (2008).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR34","first-page":"2912","volume":"8","author":"JA Tuxhorn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tuxhorn, J. A. et al. Reactive stroma in human prostate cancer: induction of myofibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix remodeling. Clin. Cancer Res. 8, 2912\u20132923 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20886","volume":"69","author":"IG Schauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schauer, I. G., Ressler, S. J. & Rowley, D. R. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine induces prostate epithelial hyperplasia and reactive stroma in a novel transgenic mouse model. Prostate 69, 373\u2013384 (2009).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049278","volume":"7","author":"M Gharaee-Kermani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gharaee-Kermani, M. et al. CXC-type chemokines promote myofibroblast phenoconversion and prostatic fibrosis. PLoS ONE 7, e49278 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.07.088","volume":"182","author":"AV Sarma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarma, A. V., Parsons, J. K., McVary, K. & Wei, J. T. Diabetes and benign prostatic hyperplasia\/lower urinary tract symptoms\u2014what do we know? J. Urol. 182, S32\u2013S37 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67529-5","volume":"163","author":"MC Michel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Michel, M. C., Mehlburger, L., Schumacher, H., Bressel, H. U. & Goepel, M. Effect of diabetes on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J. Urol. 163, 1725\u20131729 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.3.327","volume":"286","author":"AD Pradhan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pradhan, A. D., Manson, J. E., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E. & Ridker, P. M. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 286, 327\u2013334 (2001).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.02.007","volume":"132","author":"A Morelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morelli, A. et al. Testosterone and farnesoid X receptor agonist INT-747 counteract high fat diet-induced bladder alterations in a rabbit model of metabolic syndrome. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 132, 80\u201392 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68995-1","volume":"161","author":"KM Azadzoi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Azadzoi, K. M., Tarcan, T., Siroky, M. B. & Krane, R. J. Atherosclerosis-induced chronic ischemia causes bladder fibrosis and non-compliance in the rabbit. J. Urol. 161, 1626\u20131635 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22662","volume":"73","author":"M Gharaee-Kermani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gharaee-Kermani, M. et al. Obesity-induced diabetes and lower urinary tract fibrosis promote urinary voiding dysfunction in a mouse model. Prostate 73, 1123\u20131133 (2013).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-s243","volume":"31","author":"MY Donath","year":"2008","unstructured":"Donath, M. Y. et al. Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes: from metabolic stress to therapy. Diabetes Care 31, S161\u2013S164 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-005-0032-1","volume":"447","author":"S Detlefsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Detlefsen, S., Sipos, B., Feyerabend, B. & Kl\u00f6ppel, G. Pancreatic fibrosis associated with age and ductal papillary hyperplasia. Virchows Archiv. 447, 800\u2013805 (2005).","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787846497","volume":"16","author":"M Gharaee-Kermani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gharaee-Kermani, M., Hu, B., Phan, S. H. & Gyetko, M. R. Recent advances in molecular targets and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on TGF\u03b2 signalling and the myofibroblast. Curr. Med. Chem. 16, 1400\u20131417 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2568","volume":"132","author":"CJ Scotton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scotton, C. J. & Chambers, R. C. Molecular targets in pulmonary fibrosis: the myofibroblast in focus. Chest 132, 1311\u20131321 (2007).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.03.010","volume":"41","author":"E Novo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Novo, E., Valfr\u00e8 di Bonzo, L., Cannito, S., Colombatto, S. & Parola, M. Hepatic myofibroblasts: A heterogeneous population of multifunctional cells in liver fibrogenesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41, 2089\u20132093 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1159\/000235677","volume":"55","author":"J Frith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frith, J., Day, C. P., Henderson, E., Burt, A. D. & Newton, J. L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in older people. Gerontology 55, 607\u2013613 (2009).","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.31","volume":"6","author":"F Rieder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rieder, F. & Fiocchi, C. Intestinal fibrosis in IBD\u2014a dynamic, multifactorial process. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 6, 228\u2013235 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20545","volume":"14","author":"RD Johnston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnston, R. D. & Logan, R. F. A. What is the peak age for onset of IBD? Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 14 (Suppl. 2), S4\u2013S5 (2008).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.10.008","volume":"23","author":"MJ Goldacre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldacre, M. J. Demography of aging and the epidemiology of gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 23, 793\u2013804 (2009).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.06.004","volume":"1792","author":"D Pohlers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pohlers, D. et al. TGF-\u03b2 and fibrosis in different organs \u2014 molecular pathway imprints. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1792, 746\u2013756 (2009).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700613","volume":"127","author":"B Hinz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hinz, B. Formation and Function of the Myofibroblast during Tissue Repair. J. Invest. Dermatol. 127, 526\u2013537 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","volume":"214","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wynn, T. A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. J. Pathol. 214, 199\u2013210 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070112","volume":"170","author":"B Hinz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hinz, B. et al. The myofibroblast. Am. J. Pathol. 170, 1807\u20131816 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.06.007","volume":"188","author":"J Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. Prostatic fibrosis is associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. J. Urol. 188, 1375\u20131381 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-012-0245-1","volume":"13","author":"B Rocco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rocco, B. et al. Current status of salvage robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer. Curr. Urol. Rep. 13, 195\u2013201 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Urol. Rep."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000225412.24750.4c","volume":"29","author":"ED Crawford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crawford, E. D. & Kavanagh, B. D. The role of alpha-blockers in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms in prostate cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 29, 517\u2013523 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05031","volume":"27","author":"N Rosenzweig-Bublil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenzweig-Bublil, N. & Abramovici, A. Stromal fibrosis reaction in rat prostates induced by alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation. J. Androl. 27, 276\u2013284 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.09.017","volume":"91","author":"FK Delella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delella, F. K., Lacorte, L. M., Almeida, F. L., Pai, M. D. & Felisbino, S. L. Fibrosis-related gene expression in the prostate is modulated by doxazosin treatment. Life Sci. 91, 1281\u20131287 (2012).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02989642","volume":"14","author":"P Guinan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Guinan, P. et al. The effect of androgen deprivation on malignant and benign prostate tissue. Med. Oncol. 14, 145\u2013152 (1997).","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR62","first-page":"337","volume":"109","author":"SL Roznovanu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roznovanu, S. L., Radulescu, D., Novac, C. & Stolnicu, S. The morphologic changes induced by hormone and radiation therapy on prostate carcinoma. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi. 109, 337\u2013342 (2005).","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi."},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-0282","volume":"152","author":"M Welsh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Welsh, M. et al. Smooth muscle cell-specific knockout of androgen receptor: a new model for prostatic disease. Endocrinology 152, 3541\u20133551 (2011).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFnrurol2013149_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2807","volume":"18","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wynn, T. A. & Ramalingam, T. R. Mechanisms of fibrosis: therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease. Nat. Med. 18, 1028\u20131040 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrurol.2013.149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrurol.2013.149","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrurol.2013.149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:55:20Z","timestamp":1684472120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrurol.2013.149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["BFnrurol2013149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2013.149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4812","1759-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4812","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]]}}}