{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:53:10Z","timestamp":1782445990867,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr &amp; Diabetes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The region of enteral nutrient exposure may be an important determinant of postprandial incretin hormone secretion and blood glucose homoeostasis. We compared responses of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucagon, and blood glucose to a standardised glucose infusion into the proximal jejunum and duodenum in healthy humans. Ten healthy males were evaluated during a standardised glucose infusion (2\u2009kcal\u2009min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> over 120\u2009min) into the proximal jejunum (50\u2009cm post pylorus) and were compared with another 10 healthy males matched for ethnicity, age and body mass index who received an identical glucose infusion into the duodenum (12\u2009cm post pylorus). Blood was sampled frequently for measurements of blood glucose and plasma hormones. Plasma GLP-1, GIP and insulin responses, as well as the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulinogenic index 1 (IGI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) were greater (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05 for each) after intrajejunal (i.j.) than intraduodenal glucose infusion, without a significant difference in blood glucose or plasma glucagon. Pooled analyses revealed direct relationships between IGI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and the responses of GLP-1 and GIP (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.48 and 0.56, respectively, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05 each), and between glucagon and GLP-1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.70, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). In conclusion, i.j. glucose elicits greater incretin hormone and insulin secretion than intraduodenal glucose in healthy humans, suggesting regional specificity of the gut\u2013incretin axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T14:22:43Z","timestamp":1431958963000},"page":"e156-e156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative effect of intraduodenal and intrajejunal glucose infusion on the gut\u2013incretin axis response in healthy males"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S S","family":"Thazhath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C S","family":"Marathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Bound","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K L","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C K","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnutd20156_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2851","volume":"93","author":"B Laferrere","year":"2008","unstructured":"Laferrere B, Teixeira J, McGinty J, Tran H, Egger JR, Colarusso A et al. Effect of weight loss by gastric bypass surgery versus hypocaloric diet on glucose and incretin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 2479\u20132485.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFnutd20156_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1549","volume":"30","author":"B Laferrere","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laferrere B, Heshka S, Wang K, Khan Y, McGinty J, Teixeira J et al. Incretin levels and effect are markedly enhanced 1 month after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1709\u20131716.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"BFnutd20156_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-0921-3","volume":"23","author":"C de Jonge","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Jonge C, Rensen SS, Verdam FJ, Vincent RP, Bloom SR, Buurman WA et al. 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TW has received research funding from AstraZeneca. CKR has received research funding from Merck, Eli Lilly and Novartis. MH has participated in the advisory boards and\/or symposia for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca, and has received honoraria for his activity. KLJ\u2019s salary is provided by an NHMRC Senior Career Development Award (627011). The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}