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In contrast, recent studies have suggested that there could be some potential benefits for reducing carbohydrate intake in favor of increased fat. It has also been suggested that low-carbohydrate diets be recommended for people with type 2 diabetes. However, whether such diets can improve glycemic control will likely depend on their ability to improve \u03b2-cell function, which has not been studied. The objective of the study was to assess whether a low-carbohydrate and therefore high-fat diet (LCHFD) is beneficial for improving the endogenous insulin secretory response to glucose in prediabetic New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NZO mice were maintained on either standard rodent chow or an LCHFD from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Body weight, food intake and blood glucose were assessed weekly. Blood glucose and insulin levels were also assessed after fasting and re-feeding and during an oral glucose tolerance test. The capacity of pancreatic \u03b2-cells to secrete insulin was assessed <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with an intravenous glucose tolerance test. \u03b2-Cell mass was assessed in histological sections of pancreata collected at the end of the study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In NZO mice, an LCHFD reduced plasma triglycerides (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001) but increased weight gain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001), adipose tissue mass (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0015), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.044) and exacerbated glucose intolerance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.013). Although fasting insulin levels tended to be higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.08), insulin secretory function in LCHFD-fed mice was not improved (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.93) nor was \u03b2-cell mass (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.75).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An LCHFD is unlikely to be of benefit for preventing the decline in \u03b2-cell function associated with the progression of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2016.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T15:20:54Z","timestamp":1455549654000},"page":"e194-e194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A low-carbohydrate high-fat diet increases weight gain and does not improve glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or \u03b2-cell mass in NZO mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"B J","family":"Lamont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Andrikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFnutd20162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022207","volume":"348","author":"GD Foster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS et al. 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