{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:33:33Z","timestamp":1792708413061,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3536,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obesity Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> To validate the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a new in vitro model for the study of human adipogenesis, to develop the optimal protocol for the differentiation of hMSCs into adipocytes, and to describe effect of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase on hMSC differentiation into adipocytes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Research Methods and Procedures:<\/jats:italic> hMSCs, obtained commercially, were differentiated by exposure to insulin, dexamethasone, indomethacin, and 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine three times for 3 days each. Various differentiation conditions were examined to optimize differentiation as measured by Oil Red O staining. The gene expression during adipogenic conversion was assessed by reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction, real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> hMSCs differentiated into adipocytes to a different extent depending on the experimental conditions. We have found that differentiation medium based on medium 199 and containing 170 nM insulin, 0.5 mM 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine, 0.2 mM indomethacin, 1 \u03bcM dexamethasone, and 5% fetal bovine serum was optimal. However, the replacement of fetal bovine serum with rabbit serum (15%) led to further enhancement of differentiation. Inhibition of mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase activation also facilitated adipogenic conversion of hMSCs. The pattern of genes expressed during hMSC differentiation into adipocytes (adipsin, peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010\u03b3, CCAAT\/enhancer\u2010binding protein\u2010\u03b2, GLUT4, and leptin) was similar to that observed in other in vitro adipocyte models.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Discussion:<\/jats:italic> hMSCs are renewable sources of noncommitted precursors that are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes under the proper hormonal and pharmacological stimuli. Thus, hMSCs represent a new model for the study of human adipogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T13:26:07Z","timestamp":1208525167000},"page":"65-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":238,"title":["Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an in Vitro Model for Human Adipogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lenka","family":"Janderov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela N.","family":"Murrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall L.","family":"Mynatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Obesity","author":"Ailhaud G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.270.4.C1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Regional variation of adipose differentiation in cultured stromal\u2010vascular cells from the abdominal and femoral adipose tissue of obese women","volume":"15","author":"Hauner H.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199910)181:1<67::AID-JCP7>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.19-5-408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0250169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning","author":"Sambrook J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00316069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385810a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"239","article-title":"Cultures of human adipose precursor cells","volume":"155","author":"Hauner H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011729200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.4.507"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.22.8879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.5.2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90531-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.1.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.8.2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.2.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.8.2542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.11.1293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00229-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.13.9645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS200194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/79111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0102.101442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.1998.4.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)64042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6068","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.6068","article-title":"Mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase activation is not necessary for, but antagonizes, 3T3\u2013L1 adipocytic differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Font d. M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)76555-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106611200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.44.28545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.16.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200103)44:3<595::AID-ANR108>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103779200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma activation by thiazolidinediones induces adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"50","author":"Gimble J. M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4644(20010401)81:1<23::AID-JCB1021>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119870"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00124.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","first-page":"1070","article-title":"Evidence for a common mechanism of action for fatty acids and thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents on gene expression in preadipose cells","volume":"46","author":"Ibrahimi A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80211-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/47254"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.20.1.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5295.2100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(199702)64:2<295::AID-JCB12>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(199702)64:2<278::AID-JCB11>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.7.1161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2001.74"}],"container-title":["Obesity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Foby.2003.11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/oby.2003.11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T06:51:24Z","timestamp":1698735084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/oby.2003.11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/oby.2003.11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2003.11","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-7323","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-8528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}