{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:00:53Z","timestamp":1791338453746,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3293,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obesity Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>: To examine the relation of leptin to insulin resistance, as measured by euglycemic insulin clamp, and insulin resistance syndrome factors in thin and heavy children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Research Methods and Procedures<\/jats:italic>: Anthropometrics, insulin, blood pressure, and leptin were measured in 342 11\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010old children (189 boys, 153 girls, 272 white, 70 black). Insulin sensitivity (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>) was determined by milligrams glucose uptake per kilogram per minute and expressed as <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\/lean body mass (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>lbm<\/jats:sub>). Children were divided by median BMI (boys = 20.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; girls = 21.4 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) into below\u2010median (thin) and above\u2010median (heavy) groups. Correlation coefficients between log\u2010leptin and components of insulin resistance syndrome were adjusted for Tanner stage, gender, and race.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: BMI was related to leptin in boys (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and girls (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Leptin was higher in girls than boys (32.6 vs. 12.3 ng\/mL, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). Leptin levels increased in girls and decreased in boys during puberty, paralleling the changes in body fat. Leptin was significantly correlated with insulin, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>lbm<\/jats:sub>, triglycerides, and blood pressure in heavy children and only with insulin in thin children. After adjustment for body fat, the correlations remained significant for insulin and <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>lbm<\/jats:sub> in heavy children and with insulin in thin children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: Significant associations were found between leptin and insulin resistance in children, and these associations were attenuated by adjustment for adiposity. These findings at age 13 likely have long\u2010term consequences in the development of the obesity\u2010insulin resistance\u2010related cardiovascular risk profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T14:27:20Z","timestamp":1208528840000},"page":"1124-1130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Relation of Leptin to Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Steinberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Ping","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Sinaiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604113341504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.46.10.1594","article-title":"Risk variable clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome.The Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"46","author":"Meigs J. 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