{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T02:17:41Z","timestamp":1792721861324,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3019,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obesity Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>\n                    : To demonstrate that human overeating is not just a passive response to salient environmental triggers and powerful physiological drives; it is also about making choices. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been strongly implicated in the neural circuitry necessary for making advantageous decisions when various options for action are available. Decision\u2010making deficits have been found in patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions and in those with substance dependence\u2014impairments that reflect an inability to advantageously assess future consequences. That is, they choose immediate rewards in the face of future long\u2010term negative consequences.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Research Methods and Procedures<\/jats:italic>\n                    : We extended this research to the study of overeating and overweight, testing a regression model that predicted that poor decision making (as assessed by a validated computerized gambling task) and a tendency to overeat under stress would correlate with higher BMI in a group of healthy adult women (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 41) representing a broad range of body weights.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : We found statistically significant main effects for both independent variables in the predicted direction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05;\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.35). Indeed, the decision\u2010making impairments across the 100 trials of the computer task were greater in those with high BMI than in previous studies with drug addicts.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>\n                    : Findings suggested that cortical and subcortical processes, which regulate one's ability to inhibit short\u2010term rewards when the long\u2010term consequences are deleterious, may also influence eating behaviors in a culture dominated by so many, and such varied, sources of palatable and calorically dense sources of energy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,21]],"date-time":"2008-04-21T05:12:32Z","timestamp":1208754752000},"page":"929-935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Decision\u2010Making Deficits and Overeating: A Risk Model for Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Levitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierandrea","family":"Muglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Bewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adults: United States, 1999","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Centre for Health Statistics","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.12.3830S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.299.5608.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.21.2.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(01)00449-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91205-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00751-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00307-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00757-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Drugs of abuse: biochemical surrogates of specific aspects of natural rewards?","volume":"59","author":"Chiara G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00063-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00758-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2002.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.3.440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00739.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"First major drop in food product introductions in over 20 years","volume":"20","author":"Gallo A. E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)00948-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain","author":"Damasio A. R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Characterization of the decision\u2010making defect of subjects with ventromedial frontal lobe damage","volume":"24","author":"Anderson S. W.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Abstr Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00136-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(99)00158-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810350062010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Version IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Obesity: Prevention and Management of a Global Epidemic","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107385849500100104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2003.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.32356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00993-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00991-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.3.829S","article-title":"Sugar and fat: from genes to culture","volume":"133","author":"Drewnowski A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Obesity Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Foby.2004.113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/oby.2004.113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T19:38:26Z","timestamp":1698694706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/oby.2004.113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/oby.2004.113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2004.113","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-7323","1550-8528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-7323","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-8528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}}}