{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:00:05Z","timestamp":1761058805007,"version":"3.34.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2836,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obesity Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>: To prospectively evaluate whether childbearing leads to development of overweight in women and to evaluate the role of other known risk factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Research Methods and Procedures<\/jats:italic>: A prospective, multicenter observational study, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study from 1986 to 1996, examined subjects at baseline and in follow\u2010up years 2, 5, 7, and 10. Included were 998 (328 black and 670 white) nulliparous women, age 18\u201030 years, who were not overweight at baseline. Relative odds for incident overweight (BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) associated with parity change (0, 1, or 2+) and risk factors were estimated using discrete\u2010time survival models adjusted for baseline and time\u2010dependent covariates.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Parity change\u2010association with development of overweight depended on smoking habit (interaction,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). In multivariate adjusted models, 1 and 2+ births vs. 0, respectively, were associated with increased risk for development of overweight among never smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.80, 3.93, and 2.10, 95% CI: 1.24, 3.56] and decreased risk among current smokers (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.96, and 0.36, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.65). Risk was increased for black vs. white race (OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 2.59, 4.69), frequent weight cycling (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.04), and high school education or less (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.26) and was decreased for highest physical activity quartile (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.90).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Discussion<\/jats:italic>: Childbearing contributes to development of overweight in nonsmokers but not in smokers, where development of overweight is less likely in women who bear children. Race, education, and behaviors are important factors in development of overweight in young women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,21]],"date-time":"2008-04-21T09:50:47Z","timestamp":1208771447000},"page":"2041-2053","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Development of Overweight Associated with Childbearing Depends on Smoking Habit: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Erica P.","family":"Gunderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles P.","family":"Quesenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai\u2010Lin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Sternfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia Smith","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. 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