{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:06:07Z","timestamp":1790870767061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1924,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> Excess abdominal adiposity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Computed tomography can be used to examine the visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) components of abdominal adiposity, but it is unresolved whether single\u2010slice or multi\u2010slice protocols are needed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Research Method and Procedures:<\/jats:italic> Nine computed tomography scans were obtained in the lumbar spine region of 24 adults. The nine slices were obtained at three intervertebral positions (L2\u2013L3, L3\u2013L4, and L4\u2013L5) and at 7 mm above and below these locations. Intra\u2010site and inter\u2010site differences in SAT, VAT, total adipose tissue, and the VAT\/SAT ratio were examined using ANOVA and confidence intervals for pairwise differences between means.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Intervertebral SAT values increased from 103.1 \u00b1 50.9 (standard deviation) cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at L2\u2013L3 to 153.3 \u00b1 68.8 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> at L4\u2013L5, whereas the corresponding VAT values decreased from 164.3 \u00b1 125.4 to 126.0 \u00b1 82.7 cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The VAT\/SAT ratio was not constant, decreasing from 1.8 \u00b1 1.4 to 0.9 \u00b1 0.7. Repeated\u2010measures ANOVA indicated significant inter\u2010 and intra\u2010site differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.02) for SAT, VAT, and the VAT\/SAT ratio at L3\u2212L4 and L4\u2212L5 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Discussion:<\/jats:italic> These differences show the limitation of using a single\u2010slice assessment of abdominal fat distribution, both for a subject and between subjects. Furthermore, the sizeable differences in the intra\u2010site scans indicate that precise repositioning is needed for longitudinal studies. In summary, our findings suggest that a multi\u2010site imaging protocol may provide a more complete assessment of abdominal fat stores and distribution than use of a single site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,17]],"date-time":"2008-07-17T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1216314191000},"page":"1441-1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity Measurements in Adults: Influence of Measurement Site"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Grund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fehmida","family":"Visnegarwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Thackeray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Chesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"El\u2010Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Strategies for Management of Anti\u2010Retroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr043743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.3.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200203000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460310001599590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408963639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.4.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Adipose tissue volume determinations in women by computed tomography: technical considerations","volume":"10","author":"Kvist H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Obes."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Adipose tissue volume determination in males by computed tomography and 40K","volume":"12","author":"Kvist H.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Obes."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.2.9456958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.5.975","article-title":"Sex differences in visceral adipose tissue volume among African Americans","volume":"76","author":"Sumner A. 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