{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:21:50Z","timestamp":1790882510333,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2075,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> To investigate the effects of weight loss diets on mood, food cravings, and other self\u2010reported symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Research Methods and Procedures:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> Mood and other symptoms were evaluated by participant self\u2010report using the Atkins Health Indicator Test (AHIT) in individuals undergoing weight loss following either a low\u2010carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) or a low\u2010fat diet (LFD). Participants were 119 overweight community volunteers randomized to an LCKD or an LFD. An additional 51 participants who had completed an earlier trial contributed data for the psychometric analyses but were not included in the prospective analyses. Self\u2010reported symptom levels on seven scales factor\u2010analytically derived from the AHIT (negative affect, fatigue, somatic symptoms, physical effects of hunger, insomnia, hunger, and stomach problems) were acquired during 12 visits.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> After adjusting for the change in BMI over the course of the trial, participants experienced significant improvements in most symptoms regardless of diet. Diet group \u00d7 visit interactions were observed for negative affect [<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(9,803) = 2.30, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.015] and hunger [<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(9,803) = 3.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0002]. Examination of means indicated that the LCKD group reported less negative affect and hunger, compared with the LFD group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold><jats:italic>Discussion:<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> Regardless of diet, participants experienced significant improvement in a broad range of symptoms. Symptoms of negative affect and hunger improved to a greater degree in patients following an LCKD compared with those following an LFD. Whether these symptom changes explain the greater short\u2010term weight loss generally experienced by LCKD followers deserves further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]],"date-time":"2008-07-15T12:18:07Z","timestamp":1216124287000},"page":"182-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The Effects of a Low\u2010Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and a Low\u2010Fat Diet on Mood, Hunger, and Other Self\u2010Reported Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"F. Joseph","family":"McClernon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William S.","family":"Yancy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline A.","family":"Eberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1381\/096089204322917864"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1.1999.8.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802272"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00269-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1999.tb06385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00787.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"500","volume-title":"Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Comprehensive Handbook","author":"Foster G. 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