{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:32:42Z","timestamp":1785166362411,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1436,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>CM3, a highly cross\u2010linked cellulose in capsule form, expands in the stomach to a size several fold of its original volume. It is purported to induce a prolonged feeling of satiation and a delay in gastric emptying, thus promoting weight loss. We examined whether CM3 delays gastric emptying (using the stable isotope <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010octanoic breath test) and whether it influences subjective feelings of appetite sensations (using visual analog scales, VASs). We performed a double\u2010blind randomized placebo\u2010controlled crossover trial in 19 moderately obese but otherwise healthy subjects (mean age 55 \u00b1 9 years, BMI 31.1 \u00b1 4.6 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). The subjects were treated with six capsules of CM3 or matching placebo 30 min before a standardized solid meal. Breath collection and VASs were performed over 4 h every 15 min and 30 min, respectively. Half\u2010excretion time of <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in breath, indicating gastric emptying half time, was the primary outcome parameter. The study was powered to detect a change in gastric emptying of 20\u201330 min. Mean <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> half\u2010excretion time changed from 2.3 \u00b1 0.4 to 2.4 \u00b1 0.33 h (mean difference +6 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) \u22123 to +15 min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.17). Appetite sensations (hunger, satiation, fullness, prospective food consumption, desire to eat something sweet, salty, savory, or fatty) changed over time during the course of the postprandial phase but were not influenced by CM3 (repeated measures ANOVA). In obese subjects, acute administration of the weight\u2010loss supplement CM3 does not delay gastric emptying and does not influence subjective appetite sensations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,19]],"date-time":"2008-08-19T08:42:36Z","timestamp":1219135356000},"page":"2272-2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of a Cellulose\u2010containing Weight\u2010loss Supplement on Gastric Emptying and Sensory Functions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Heiner K.","family":"Berthold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Unverdorben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Unverdorben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Gouni\u2010Berthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"i","article-title":"Report of a WHO consultation","volume":"894","author":"Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services","volume":"54","author":"Katz DL","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.6.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-7-200504050-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"CD004094","article-title":"Long\u2010term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight","author":"Padwal R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39385.413113.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61721-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Adipositastherapie\u2014Plazebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie zur Wirksamkeit von CM3","volume":"11","author":"Krakamp B","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kassenarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90640-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601768"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500001719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.10.1716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000170759.55867.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000077391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1591-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67483-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss","volume":"16","author":"Goldstein DJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90141-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Gastric emptying of solids in morbid obesity","volume":"20","author":"Tosetti C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the gastrointestinal responses to fatty meals in obese people","volume":"17","author":"French SJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909093095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-8902.2004.0344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00285-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90228-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.18.2284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07001.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effects of a moderate dietary fibre supplement on hunger rating, energy input and faecal energy output in young, healthy volunteers. A randomized, double\u2010blind, cross\u2010over trial","volume":"11","author":"Rigaud D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","first-page":"763","article-title":"Overweight treated with energy restriction and a dietary fibre supplement: a 6\u2010month randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Rigaud D","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.10.3141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507868528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Stomach distension in extremely obese and in normal subjects","volume":"151","author":"Granstrom L","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.2008.S28"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.092_c.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","unstructured":"Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM).Adverse effects of CM3 [Nebenwirkungen von CM3]. Press release 18\/01 of 27 September Bonn Germany <http:www.bfarm.decln_029nn_1043408DEPressemitteil2001pm18\u20102001.html> (2001)."}],"container-title":["Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Foby.2008.355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1038%2Foby.2008.355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1038\/oby.2008.355","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T16:57:12Z","timestamp":1697561832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1038\/oby.2008.355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1038\/oby.2008.355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2008.355","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-7381","1930-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1930-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1930-739X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-09-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}