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A cross\u2010sectional (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 537) and a longitudinal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 283; 6\u2010year follow\u2010up period) analysis was performed for nine risk factors for overweight and obesity assessed in adult participants (aged 18\u201364 years) of the Quebec Family Study (QFS). The main outcome measure was overweight\/obesity, defined as a BMI \u226525 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, short sleep duration, high disinhibition eating behavior, low dietary calcium intake, high susceptibility to hunger behavior, nonparticipation in high\u2010intensity physical exercise, high dietary restraint behavior, nonconsumption of multivitamin and dietary supplements, high dietary lipid intake, and high alcohol intake were all significantly associated with overweight and obesity in the cross\u2010sectional sample. The analysis of covariance adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, and all other risk factors revealed that only individuals characterized by short sleep duration, high disinhibition eating behavior, and low dietary calcium intake had significantly higher BMI compared to the reference category in both sexes. Over the 6\u2010year follow\u2010up period, short\u2010duration sleepers, low calcium consumers, and those with a high disinhibition and restraint eating behavior score were significantly more likely to gain weight and develop obesity. These results show that excess body weight or weight gain results from a number of obesogenic behaviors that have received considerable attention over the past decade. They also indicate that the four factors, which have the best predictive potential of variations in BMI, be it in a cross\u2010sectional or a longitudinal analytical design, do not have a \u201ccaloric value\u201d <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,9]],"date-time":"2009-04-09T14:24:54Z","timestamp":1239287094000},"page":"1964-1970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Risk Factors for Adult Overweight and Obesity in the Quebec Family Study: Have We Been Barking Up the Wrong 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