{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:02:27Z","timestamp":1789560147171,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,6]],"date-time":"2012-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Women gain visceral fat during pregnancy. Studies examining the impact of breastfeeding on maternal body composition are inconclusive. We examined the extent to which breastfeeding was associated with visceral adiposity in a sample of US women. This was a cross\u2010sectional analysis of 351 women aged 45\u201358 years, who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease and had not used oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy in the 3 months prior to enrollment in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)\u2010Heart Study (2001\u20132003). History of breastfeeding was self\u2010reported. Computed tomography was used to assess abdominal adiposity. Among premenopausal\/early\u2010peri\u2010menopausal mothers, those who never breastfed had 28% greater visceral adiposity (95% confidence interval (CI): 11\u201349, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), 4.7% greater waist\u2010hip ratio (95% CI: 1.9\u20137.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and 6.49 cm greater waist circumference (95% CI: 3.71\u20139.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) than mothers who breastfed all of their children for \u22653 months in models adjusting for study site; age; parity; years since last birth; socioeconomic, lifestyle, and family history variables; early adult BMI; and current BMI. In comparison to women who were nulliparous, mothers who breastfed all of their children for \u22653 months had similar amounts of visceral fat (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). In contrast, premenopausal\/early\u2010peri\u2010menopausal mothers who had never breastfed had significantly greater visceral adiposity (42% (95% CI: 17\u201370), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), waist circumference (6.15 cm (95% CI: 2.75\u20139.56), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and waist\u2010hip ratio (3.7% (95% CI: 0.69\u20136.8), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) than nulliparous women. No significant relationships were observed among late peri\u2010menopausal\/postmenopausal women. In conclusion, until menopause, mothers who did not breastfeed all of their children for \u22653 months exhibit significantly greater amounts of metabolically active visceral fat than mothers who had breastfed all of their children for \u22653 months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,30]],"date-time":"2011-06-30T12:38:09Z","timestamp":1309437489000},"page":"2205-2213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Breastfeeding and Subsequent Maternal Visceral Adiposity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Candace K.","family":"McClure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor B.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly 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