{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T10:58:35Z","timestamp":1771844315107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]],"date-time":"2009-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]],"date-time":"2009-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2009.27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]],"date-time":"2009-08-18T10:19:01Z","timestamp":1250590741000},"page":"316-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["PDE5 inhibitors for LUTS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Mouli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K T","family":"McVary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.02.018","volume":"49","author":"CR Chapple","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chapple CR, Roehrborn CG . A shifted paradigm for the further understanding, evaluation, and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men: focus on the bladder. Eur Urol 2006; 49: 651\u2013659.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.12.008","volume":"40","author":"G Untergasser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Untergasser G, Madersbacher S, Berger P . Benign prostatic hyperplasia: age-related tissue-remodeling. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40: 121\u2013128.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR3","first-page":"S122","volume":"12","author":"KT McVary","year":"2006","unstructured":"McVary KT . BPH: epidemiology and comorbidities. Am J Manag Care 2006; 12: S122\u2013S128.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990170308","volume":"17","author":"HA Guess","year":"1990","unstructured":"Guess HA, Arrighi HM, Metter EJ, Fozard JL . Cumulative prevalence of prostatism matches the autopsy prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 1990; 17: 241\u2013246.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35405-8","volume":"150","author":"CG Chute","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chute CG, Panser LA, Girman CJ, Oesterling JE, Guess HA, Jacobsen SJ et al. The prevalence of prostatism: a population-based survey of urinary symptoms. J Urol 1993; 150: 85\u201389.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)34871-1","volume":"151","author":"HA Feldman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB . Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 1994; 151: 54\u201361.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00717-6","volume":"51","author":"CJ Girman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Girman CJ, Jacobsen SJ, Tsukamoto T, Richard F, Garraway WM, Sagnier PP et al. Health-related quality of life associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in four countries. Urology 1998; 51: 428\u2013436.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200220020-00004","volume":"20","author":"JF Guest","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guest JF, Das Gupta R . Health-related quality of life in a UK-health-related quality of life in a UK-based population of men with erectile dysfunction. Pharmacoeconomics 2002; 20: 109\u2013117.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1159\/000474467","volume":"31","author":"F Calais Da Silva","year":"1997","unstructured":"Calais Da Silva F, Marquis P, Deschaseaux P, Gineste JL, Cauquil J, Patrick DL . Relative importance of sexuality and quality of life in patients with prostatic symptoms. Results of an international study. Eur Urol 1997; 31: 272\u2013280.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00747-0","volume":"56","author":"RS Kirby","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirby RS . The natural history of benign prostatic hyper-plasia: what have we learned in the last decade? Urology 2000; 56: 3\u20136.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00302-0","volume":"48","author":"B Lukacs","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lukacs B, Lepl\u00e8ge A, Thibault P, Jardin A . Prospective study of men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with alfuzosin by general practitioners: 1-year results. Urology 1996; 48: 731\u2013740.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65986-1","volume":"166","author":"A Martin-Morales","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin-Morales A, Sanchez-Cruz JJ, Saenz de Tejada I, Rodriguez-Vela L, Jimenez-Cruz JF, Burgos-Rodriguez R . Prevalence and independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction in Spain: results of the Epidemiologia de la Disfuncion Erectil Masculina Study. J Urol 2001; 166: 569\u2013575.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(03)00358-0","volume":"44","author":"MH Braun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braun MH, Sommer F, Haupt G, Mathers MJ, Reifenrath B, Engelmann UH . Lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction: co-morbidity or typical \u2018aging male\u2019 symptoms? Results of the \u2018Cologne Male Survey\u2019. Eur Urol 2003; 44: 588\u2013594.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2003.08.015","volume":"44","author":"R Rosen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosen R, Altwein J, Boyle P, Kirby RS, Lukacs B, Meuleman E et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the multinational survey of the aging male (MSAM-7). Eur Urol 2003; 44: 637\u2013649.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000075362.08363.a4","volume":"170","author":"KE Andersson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersson KE . Erectile physiological and pathophysiological pathways involved in erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2003; 170: S6\u201314.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(200009)184:3<409::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"184","author":"JA Carvajal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, Weiner CP . Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation. J Cell Physiol 2000; 184: 409\u2013420.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.08.062","volume":"55","author":"TS Kohler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kohler TS, McVary KT . The relationship between erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms and the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Eur Urol 2009; 55: 38\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"BFpcan200927_CR18","first-page":"43","volume":"175","author":"KE Andersson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Andersson KE, Persson K . Nitric oxide synthase and the lower urinary tract: possible implications for physiology and pathophysiology. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1995; 175 (Suppl): 43\u201353.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-005-0019-1","volume":"23","author":"P Hedlund","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hedlund P . Nitric oxide\/cGMP-mediated eVects in the out-Xow region of the lower urinary tract\u2014is there a basis for pharmacological targeting of cGMP? World J Urol 2005; 23: 362\u2013367.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20485","volume":"26","author":"KE Andersson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersson KE . LUTS treatment: future treatment options. Neurourol Urodyn 2007; 26: 928\u2013933.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80012-0","volume":"45","author":"AL Burnett","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burnett AL, Maguire MP, Chamness SL, Ricker DD, Takeda M, Lepor H et al. Characterization and localization of nitric oxide synthase in the human prostate. Urology 1995; 45: 435\u2013439.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"BFpcan200927_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(18)38543-4","volume":"171","author":"K Richter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Richter K, Heuer O, ckert S, Stief CG, Jonas U, Wolf G . Immunocytochemical distribution of nitric oxide synthases in the human prostate. J Urol 2004; 171 (Suppl 4): 347 (abstract).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19970915)33:1<1::AID-PROS1>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"33","author":"W Bloch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bloch W, Klotz T, Loch C, Schmidt G, Engelmann U, Addicks K . Distribution of nitric oxide synthase implies a regulation of circulation, smooth muscle tone, and secretory function in the human prostate by nitric oxide. Prostate 1997; 33: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199910)189:2<224::AID-PATH422>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"189","author":"R Gradini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gradini R, Realacci M, Ginepri A, Naso G, Santangelo C, Cela O et al. Nitric oxide synthases in normal and benign hyperplastic human prostate: immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. J Pathol 1999; 189: 224\u2013229.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10087","volume":"51","author":"J Luo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Luo J, Dunn T, Ewing C, Sauvageot J, Chen Y, Trent J et al. Gene expression signature of benign prostatic hyperplasia revealed by cDNA microarray analysis. Prostate 2002; 51: 189\u2013200.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.12.050","volume":"49","author":"S Uckert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uckert S, Oelke M, Stief CG, Andersson KE, Jonas U, Hedlund P . Immunohistochemical distribution of cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes in the human prostate. Eur Urol 2006; 49: 740\u2013745.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/35.1.3025290","volume":"35","author":"DJ Morley","year":"1987","unstructured":"Morley DJ, Hawley DM, Ulbright TM, Butler LG, Culp JS, Hodes ME . Distribution of phosphodiesterase in normal human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 1987; 35: 75\u201382.","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s003450100221","volume":"19","author":"MC Truss","year":"2001","unstructured":"Truss MC, Stief CG, Uckert S, Becker AJ, Wefer J, Schultheiss D et al. Phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction: from bench to bedside. World J Urol 2001; 19: 344\u2013350.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701328","volume":"121","author":"PA Longhurst","year":"1997","unstructured":"Longhurst PA, Briscoe JA, Rosenberg DJ, Leggett RE . The role of cyclic nucleotides in guinea-pig bladder contractility. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121: 1665\u20131672.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(18)34424-0","volume":"173","author":"PB Snyder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Snyder PB, Loughney K, Florio VA . Relaxation of bladder strips by inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) (abstract 159). J Urol 2005; 173: 43.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.04840.x","volume":"93","author":"JI Gillespie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gillespie JI . Phosphodiesterase-linked inhibition of nonmicturition activity in the isolated bladder. BJU Int 2004; 93: 1325\u20131332.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06217.x","volume":"98","author":"V Werkstrom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Werkstrom V, Svensson A, Andersson K-E, Hedlund P . Phosphodiesterase 5 in the female pig and human urethra: morphological and functional aspects. BJU Int 2006; 98: 414\u2013423.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(07)60042-6","volume":"6","author":"S Oger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oger S, Behr-Roussel D, Lecoz O, Lebret T, Denoux Y, Bernab\u00e9 J et al. Evaluation of relaxant effects of the combination of sildenafil and doxazosin in human prostate. Eur Urol Suppl 2007; 6: 33.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.11.037","volume":"177","author":"KT McVary","year":"2007","unstructured":"McVary KT, Roehrborn CG, Kaminetsky JC, Auerbach SM, Wachs B, Young JM et al. Tadalafil relieves lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2007; 177: 1401\u20131407.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80013-2","volume":"45","author":"M Takeda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Takeda M, Tang R, Shapiro E, Burnett AL, Lepor H . Effects of nitric oxide on human and canine prostates. Urology 1995; 45: 440\u2013446.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.12.002","volume":"67","author":"G Kedia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kedia G, ckert S, Scheller F, Chigogidze T, Managadze L, Jonas U et al. In vitro functional responses of isolated normal human prostatic tissue to compounds interacting with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. Urology 2006; 67: 1292\u20131297.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR37","first-page":"7","volume":"131","author":"G Kedia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kedia G, ckert S, Kedia M, Truss MC, Chigogidze T, Jonas U et al. In vitro effects of drugs interfering with the cAMP- and cGMP-pathway on the tension induced by endothelin-1 of isolated human prostate tissue. Georgian Med News 2006; 131: 7\u201313.","journal-title":"Georgian Med News"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.53.3.467","volume":"53","author":"JH Guh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guh JH, Hwang TL, Ko FN, Chueh SC, Lai MK, Teng CM . Antiproliferative effect in human prostatic smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide donor. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 53: 467\u2013474.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"BFpcan200927_CR39","first-page":"25","volume":"45","author":"S \u00dcckert","year":"2006","unstructured":"\u00dcckert S, Sormes M, Kedia G, Gratzke C, Stief CG, Scheller F et al. Effects of PDE inhibitors on the tension induced by norepinephrine and accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in isolated human prostate tissue. Urology 2006; 45 (Suppl 1): 25\u201326 (abstract).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"BFpcan200927_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(07)60045-1","volume":"6","author":"G Kedia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kedia G, Sormes M, ckert S, Scheller F, Jonas U . Contraction-relaxation studies on isolated human prostate tissue: the role of endothelin 1, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and cyclic nucleotides. Eur Urol 2007; 6 (Suppl 2): 34 (abstract).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(18)34424-0","volume":"173","author":"PB Snyder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Snyder PB, Loughney K, Florio VA . Relaxation of bladder strips by inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) (abstract 159). J Urol 2005; 173: 43.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2004.05186.x","volume":"94","author":"JI Gillespie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gillespie JI, Markerink-van Ittersum M, de Vente J . cGMP-generating cells in the bladder wall: identification of distinct networks of interstitial cells. BJU Int 2004; 94: 1114\u20131124.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-1151-3","volume":"321","author":"JI Gillespie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gillespie JI, Markerink-van Ittersum M, de Vente J . Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitric-oxide-induced changes in cGMP in the urothelial layer of the guinea pig bladder. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321: 341\u2013351.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-0146-4","volume":"325","author":"JI Gillespie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gillespie JI, Markerink-van Ittersum M, De Vente J . Endogenous nitric oxide\/cGMP signalling in the guinea pig bladder: evidence for distinct populations of sub-urothelial interstitial cells. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 325: 325\u2013332, 1489\u20131495.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","volume":"365","author":"RH Eckel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ . The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365: 1415\u20131428.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500221","volume":"1","author":"J Hammarsten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hammarsten J, Hogstedt B, Holthuis N, Mellstrom D . Components of the metabolic syndrome-risk factors for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 1998; 1: 157\u2013162.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/080370599438365","volume":"8","author":"J Hammarsten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hammarsten J, Hogstedt B . Clinical, anthropometric, metabolic and insulin profile of men with fast annual growth rates of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Blood Press 1999; 8: 29\u201336.","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00351-1","volume":"54","author":"JB Meigs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meigs JB, Mohr B, Barry MJ, Collins MM, McKinlay JB . Risk factors for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54: 935\u2013944.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod51.1.99","volume":"51","author":"KT McVary","year":"1994","unstructured":"McVary KT, Razzaq A, Lee C, Venegas MF, Rademaker A, McKenna KE . Growth of the rat prostate gland is facilitated by the autonomic nervous system. Biol Reprod 1994; 51: 99\u2013107.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2000.tb03276.x","volume":"21","author":"E Golomb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Golomb E, Rosenzweig N, Eilam R, Abramovici A . Spontaneous hyperplasia of the ventral lobe of the prostate in aging genetically hypertensive rats. J Androl 2000; 21: 58\u201364.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07069.x","volume":"100","author":"NU Rahman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rahman NU, Phonsombat S, Bochinski D, Carrion RE, Nunes L, Lue TF . An animal model to study lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction: the hyperlipidemic rat. BJU Int 2007; 100: 658\u2013663.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR52","first-page":"1366","volume":"275","author":"K Persson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Persson K, Pandita RK, Spitsbergen JM, Steers WD, Tuttle JB, Andersson KE . Spinal and peripheral mechanisms contributing to hyperactive voiding in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: 1366\u20131373.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64919-1","volume":"168","author":"TM Hale","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hale TM, Okabe H, Bushfield TL, Heaton JP, Adams MA . Recovery of erectile function after brief aggressive anti-hypertensive therapy. J Urol 2002; 168: 348\u2013354.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000173072.73702.64","volume":"174","author":"KT McVary","year":"2005","unstructured":"McVary KT, Rademaker A, Lloyd GL, Gann P . Autonomic nervous system overactivity in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2005; 174: 1327\u20131433.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08903.x","volume":"139","author":"F Holmquist","year":"1990","unstructured":"Holmquist F, Andersson KE, Hedlund H . Actions of endothelin on isolated corpus cavernosum from rabbit and man. Acta Physiol Scand 1990; 139: 113\u2013122.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37201-4","volume":"147","author":"KM Azadzoi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Azadzoi KM, Kim N, Brown ML, Goldstein I, Cohen RA, Saenz de Tejada I . Endothelium-derived nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase products modulate corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tone. J Urol 1992; 147: 220\u2013225.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.10.051","volume":"71","author":"S Uckert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uckert S, Sormes M, Kedia G, Scheller F, Knapp WH, Jonas U et al. Effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on tension induced by norepinephrine and accumulation of cyclic nucleotides in isolated human prostatic tissue. Urology 2008; 71: 526\u2013530.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00537.x","volume":"28","author":"GJ Ahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahn GJ, Yu JY, Choi SM, Kang KK, Ahn BO, Kwon JW et al. Chronic administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor improves erectile and endothelial function in a rat model of diabetes. Int J Androl 2005; 28: 260\u2013266.","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900814","volume":"14","author":"RW Rees","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rees RW, Ziessen T, Ralph DJ, Kell P, Moncada S, Cellek S . Human and rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle cells express Rho-kinase. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14: 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00177.x","volume":"522","author":"AP Somlyo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV . Signal transduction by G-proteins, Rho-kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non smooth muscle myosin II. J Physiol 2000; 522: 177\u2013185.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000085024.47406.6c","volume":"170","author":"RW Rees","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rees RW, Foxwell NA, Ralph DJ, Kell PD, Moncada S, Cellek S . Y-27632, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, inhibits proliferation and adrenergic contraction of prostatic smooth muscle cells. J Urol 2003; 170: 2517\u20132522.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"BFpcan200927_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(18)38545-8","volume":"171","author":"C Lindberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindberg C, Nishtman D, Malmqvist UP, Abrahamsson PA, Andersson KE, Hedlund P et al. Increased expression of RhoA in prostates of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Urol 2004; 171 (Suppl): 348, A1320.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F990","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00378.2002","volume":"285","author":"W Bing","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bing W, Chang S, Hypolite JA, DiSanto ME, Zderic SA, Rolf L et al. Obstruction-induced changes in urinary bladder smooth muscle contractility: a role for Rho kinase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 285: F990\u2013F997.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1124","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00717.2003","volume":"289","author":"S Chang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chang S, Hypolite JA, Zderic SA, Wein AJ, Chacko S, DiSanto ME . Increased corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tone associated with partial bladder outlet obstruction is mediated via Rho-kinase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 289: R1124\u2013R1130.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900947","volume":"15","author":"S Chang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chang S, Hypolite JA, Changolkar A, Wein AJ, Chacko S, DiSanto ME . Increased contractility of diabetic rabbit corpora smooth muscle in response to endothelin is mediated via Rho-kinase beta. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15: 53\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000059987.90200.44","volume":"92","author":"T Seko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seko T, Ito M, Kureishi Y, Okamoto R, Moriki N, Onishi K et al. Activation of RhoA and inhibition of myosin phosphatase as important components in hypertension in vascular smooth muscle. Circ Res 2003; 92: 411\u2013418.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2005.tb01084.x","volume":"26","author":"M Rajasekaran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rajasekaran M, White S, Baquir A, Wilkes N . Rho-kinase inhibition improves erectile function in aging male Brown-Norway rats. J Androl 2005; 26: 182\u2013188.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1998.0820s1026.x","volume":"82","author":"T Tarcan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tarcan T, Azadzoi KM, Siroky MB, Goldstein I, Krane RJ . Age related erectile and voiding dysfunction: the role of arterial insufficiency. Brit J Urol 1998; 82: 26\u201333.","journal-title":"Brit J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.01.031","volume":"50","author":"A Ponholzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ponholzer A, Temml C, Wehrberger C, Marszalek M, Maderbacher S . The association between LUTS and vascular risk factors in both sexes. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 581\u2013586.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68995-1","volume":"161","author":"KM Azadzoi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Azadzoi KM, Tarcan T, Siroky MB, Krane RJ . Atherosclerosis-induced chronic ischemia causes bladder fibrosis and noncompliance in the rabbit. J Urol 1999; 161: 1626\u20131635.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66595-0","volume":"165","author":"R Kozlowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kozlowski R, Kershen RT, Siroky MB, Krane RJ, Azadzoi KM . Chronic ischemia alters prostate structure and reactivity in rabbits. J Urol 2001; 165: 1019\u20131026.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000064923.29954.7e","volume":"170","author":"KM Azadzoi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azadzoi KM, Babayan RK, Kozlowski R, Siroky MB . Chronic ischemia increases prostatic smooth muscle contraction in the rabbit. J Urol 2003; 170: 659\u2013663.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.02.001","volume":"47","author":"K McVary","year":"2005","unstructured":"McVary K . Erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH. Eur Urol 2005; 47: 838\u2013845.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2002.03040.x","volume":"90","author":"K Sairam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sairam K, Kulinskaya E, McNicholas TA, Boustead GB, Hanbury DC . Sildenafil influences lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int 2002; 90: 836\u2013839.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00259.x","volume":"3","author":"JP Mulhall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulhall JP, Guhring P, Parker M, Hopps C . Assessment of the impact of sildenafil citrate on lower urinary tract symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 662\u2013667.","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR76","first-page":"681","volume":"10","author":"J Ying","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ying J, Yao D, Jiang Y, Ren X, Xu M . The positive effect of sildenafil on LUTS from BPH while treating ED. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2004; 10: 681\u2013683.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.01.033","volume":"51","author":"SA Kaplan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaplan SA, Gonzalez RR, Te AE . Combination of alfuzosin and sildenafil is superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2007; 51: 1717\u20131723.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR78","first-page":"100","volume":"88","author":"KT McVary","year":"2007","unstructured":"McVary KT, Monnig W, Camps JL, Young JM, Tseng LJ, van den Ende G . Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function andprostatic hyperplasia, low- and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma. BJU Int 2007; 88: 100\u2013103.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.01.075","volume":"53","author":"CG Stief","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stief CG, Porst H, Neuser D, Beneke M, Ulbrich E . A randomized, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of twice-daily vardenafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2008; 53: 1236\u20131244.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.06.079","volume":"180","author":"CG Roehrborn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roehrborn CG, McVary KT, Elion-Mboussa A, Viktrup L . Tadalafil administered once daily for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: a dose finding study. J Urol 2008; 180: 1228\u20131234.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01448-0","volume":"58","author":"RC Roehrborn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roehrborn RC . Efficacy and safety of once-daily alfuzosin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Urology 2001; 58: 953\u2013959.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.048","volume":"178","author":"M Gacci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gacci M, Del Populo G, Macchiarella A, Celso M, Vittori G, Lapini A et al. Vardenafil improves urodynamic parameters in men with spinal cord injury: results from a single dose, pilot study. J Urol 2007; 178: 2040\u20132043.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1079","volume":"148","author":"S Filippi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Filippi S, Morelli A, Sandner P, Fibbi B, Mancina R, Marini M et al. Characterization and functional role of androgen-dependent PDE5 activity in the bladder. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 1019\u20131029.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.05.004","volume":"81","author":"M Yono","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yono M, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Ueda S, Latifpour J . Effects of doxazosin on blood Xow and mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase in the spontaneously hypertensive rat genitourinary tract. Life Sci 2007; 81: 218\u2013222.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"BFpcan200927_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(18)38573-2","volume":"171","author":"GM Pinggera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pinggera GM, Schuster A, Frauscher F, Bartsch G, Strasser H . Sildenafil citrate causes a 3-fold increase in periurethral prostatic blood Xow. J Urol 2004; 171 (Suppl 4): 355 (abstract).","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.53.3.467","volume":"53","author":"JH Guh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guh JH, Hwang TL, Ko FN, Chueh SC, Lai MK, Teng CM . Antiproliferative effect in human prostatic smooth muscle cells by nitric oxide donor. Mol Pharmacol 1998; 53: 467\u2013547.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10077","volume":"51","author":"PI Adolfsson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adolfsson PI, Ahlstrand C, Varenhorst E, Svensson SP . Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates proliferation of cultured muscle cells from human BPH tissue: sildenafil and papaverine generate inhibition. Prostate 2002; 51: 50\u201358.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR88","first-page":"201","volume":"42","author":"CH Deng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deng CH, Chen HR, Qiu SP, Liu JZ, Zheng KL, Mei H . Effect of nitric oxide donor and alpha1-receptor antagonist on proliferation\/apoptosis of hyperplastic prostatic stromal cells in vitro. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2004; 42: 201\u2013204.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65621-2","volume":"166","author":"S Uckert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uckert S, Kuthe A, Jonas U, Stief CG . Characterization and functional relevance of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes of the human prostate. J Urol 2001; 166: 2484.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"BFpcan200927_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(09)61946-7","volume":"181","author":"Roger R Dmochowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dmochowski R, Roehrborn C, Kraus S, Klise S . Changes in bladder outlet obstruction index in men with signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with tadalafil. J Urol 2009; (suppl): 181: (abstract 1924).","journal-title":"The Journal of Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02158-1","volume":"61","author":"ED Moreira Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moreira Jr ED, Lbo CF, Diament A, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB . Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: results from a population-based cohort study in Brazil. Urology 2003; 61: 431\u2013436.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162042.90554.64","volume":"174","author":"R Shiri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shiri R, Hakkinen JT, Hakama M, Huhtala H, Auvinen A, Tammela TL et al. Effect of lower urinary tract symptoms on the incidence of erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2005; 174: 205\u2013209.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35874-3","volume":"150","author":"TC Chai","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chai TC, Belville WD, McGuire EJ, Nyquist L . Specificity of the American Urological Association Voiding Symptom Index: comparison of unselected and selected samples of both sexes. J Urol 1993; 150: 1710\u20131713.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpcan200927_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06501.x","volume":"98","author":"H Tinel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tinel H, Stelte-Ludwig B, H\u00fctter J, Sandner P . Pre-clinical evidence for the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int 2006; 98: 1259\u20131263.","journal-title":"BJU Int"}],"container-title":["Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pcan200927.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pcan200927","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pcan200927.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T22:57:50Z","timestamp":1710543470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pcan200927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["BFpcan200927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pcan.2009.27","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-7852","1476-5608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-7852","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}