{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:59:40Z","timestamp":1791251980077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]],"date-time":"2012-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]],"date-time":"2012-03-06T00:18:33Z","timestamp":1330993113000},"page":"393-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Androgen receptor is overexpressed in boys with severe hypospadias, and ZEB1 regulates androgen receptor expression in human foreskin cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory E.","family":"Tasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald R.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S.","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFpr201149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107297","volume":"107","author":"LJ Paulozzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paulozzi LJ . International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Environ Health Perspect 1999;107:297\u2013302.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1191\/074823399678846664","volume":"15","author":"LE Gray Jr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gray LE Jr, Wolf C, Lambright C, et al. Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p\u2032-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicol Ind Health 1999;15:94\u2013118.","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5105","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0293","volume":"89","author":"EL Aschim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aschim EL, Nordenskj\u00f6ld A, Giwercman A, et al. Linkage between cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and GGN repeat length in the androgen receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5105\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08152-7","volume":"359","author":"H Klip","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klip H, Verloop J, van Gool JD, Koster ME, Burger CW, van Leeuwen FE; OMEGA Project Group. Hypospadias in sons of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;359:1102\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0304-z","volume":"166","author":"MM Brouwers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brouwers MM, Feitz WF, Roelofs LA, Kiemeney LA, de Gier RP, Roeleveld N . Risk factors for hypospadias. Eur J Pediatr 2007;166:671\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR6","first-page":"187","volume":"63","author":"L Garavelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garavelli L, Cerruti-Mainardi P, Virdis R, et al. Genitourinary anomalies in Mowat-Wilson syndrome with deletion\/mutation in the zinc finger homeo box 1B gene (ZFHX1B). Report of three Italian cases with hypospadias and review. Horm Res 2005;63:187\u201392.","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.014","volume":"177","author":"Z Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu BC, Lin GT, et al. Up-regulation of estrogen responsive genes in hypospadias: microarray analysis. J Urol 2007;177:1939\u201346.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.066","volume":"185","author":"L Qiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qiao L, Tasian GE, Zhang H, Cunha GR, Baskin L . ZEB1 is estrogen responsive in vitro in human foreskin cells and is over expressed in penile skin in patients with severe hypospadias. J Urol 2011;185:1888\u201393.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvp192","volume":"147","author":"C Ozaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozaki C, Obata S, Yamanaka H, Tominaga S, Suzuki ST . The extracellular domains of E- and N-cadherin determine the scattered punctate localization in epithelial cells and the cytoplasmic domains modulate the localization. J Biochem 2010;147:415\u201325.","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80102-2","volume":"7","author":"M Takeichi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Takeichi M . Morphogenetic roles of classic cadherins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995;7:619\u201327.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-10-1076","volume":"20","author":"JM Drake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drake JM, Strohbehn G, Bair TB, Moreland JG, Henry MD . ZEB1 enhances transendothelial migration and represses the epithelial phenotype of prostate cancer cells. Mol Biol Cell 2009;20:2207\u201317.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181bc9419","volume":"4","author":"M Kakihana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kakihana M, Ohira T, Chan D, et al. Induction of E-cadherin in lung cancer and interaction with growth suppression by histone deacetylase inhibition. J Thorac Oncol 2009;4:1455\u201365.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-009-0623-7","volume":"123","author":"TR Graham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Graham TR, Yacoub R, Taliaferro-Smith L, et al. Reciprocal regulation of ZEB1 and AR in triple negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010;123:139\u201347.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"BFpr201149_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.079","volume":"184","author":"JH Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang JH, Menshenina J, Cunha GR, Place N, Baskin LS . Morphology of mouse external genitalia: implications for a role of estrogen in sexual dimorphism of the mouse genital tubercle. J Urol 2010;184(4 Suppl):1604\u20139.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20799","volume":"235","author":"T Miyoshi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyoshi T, Maruhashi M, Van De Putte T, Kondoh H, Huylebroeck D, Higashi Y . Complementary expression pattern of Zfhx1 genes Sip1 and deltaEF1 in the mouse embryo and their genetic interaction revealed by compound mutants. Dev Dyn 2006;235:1941\u201352.","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.988","volume":"16","author":"KA Thayer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thayer KA, Ruhlen RL, Howdeshell KL, et al. Altered prostate growth and daily sperm production in male mice exposed prenatally to subclinical doses of 17alpha-ethinyl oestradiol. Hum Reprod 2001;16:988\u201396.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00436.x","volume":"85","author":"K North","year":"2000","unstructured":"North K, Golding J . A maternal vegetarian diet in pregnancy is associated with hypospadias. The ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. BJU Int 2000;85:107\u201313.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.03.078","volume":"176","author":"E Willingham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Willingham E, Agras K, de Souza AE Jr, et al. Steroid receptors and mammalian penile development: an unexpected role for progesterone receptor? J Urol 2006;176:728\u201333.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2001.tb02186.x","volume":"22","author":"C McKinnell","year":"2001","unstructured":"McKinnell C, Atanassova N, Williams K, et al. Suppression of androgen action and the induction of gross abnormalities of the reproductive tract in male rats treated neonatally with diethylstilbestrol. J Androl 2001;22:323\u201338.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.3.7867585","volume":"136","author":"GS Prins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Prins GS, Birch L . The developmental pattern of androgen receptor expression in rat prostate lobes is altered after neonatal exposure to estrogen. Endocrinology 1995;136:1303\u201314.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.011091227","volume":"109","author":"K Williams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Williams K, Fisher JS, Turner KJ, McKinnell C, Saunders PT, Sharpe RM . Relationship between expression of sex steroid receptors and structure of the seminal vesicles after neonatal treatment of rats with potent or weak estrogens. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:1227\u201335.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"BFpr201149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00613-6","volume":"176","author":"K Agras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agras K, Willingham E, Liu B, Baskin LS . Ontogeny of androgen receptor and disruption of its mRNA expression by exogenous estrogens during morphogenesis of the genital tubercle. J Urol 2006;176(4 Pt 2):1883\u20138.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.111","volume":"177","author":"K Agras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Agras K, Willingham E, Shiroyanagi Y, Minasi P, Baskin LS . Estrogen receptor-alpha and beta are differentially distributed, expressed and activated in the fetal genital tubercle. J Urol 2007;177:2386\u201392.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.110","volume":"178","author":"K Agras","year":"2007","unstructured":"Agras K, Shiroyanagi Y, Baskin LS . Progesterone receptors in the developing genital tubercle: implications for the endocrine disruptor hypothesis as the etiology of hypospadias. J Urol 2007;178:722\u20137.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"BFpr201149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000084595.73653.da","volume":"170","author":"S Yucel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yucel S, Cavalcanti AG, Wang Z, Baskin LS . The impact of prenatal androgens on vaginal and urogenital sinus development in the female mouse. J Urol 2003;170(4 Pt 1):1432\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2310\/6650.2006.06012","volume":"54","author":"SD Blaschko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blaschko SD, Willingham EJ, Baskin LS . Embryonic exposure to low-dose 17beta-estradiol decreases fetal mass sex specifically in male mice and does not cause hypospadias. J Investig Med 2006;54:490\u20135.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"BFpr201149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000139911.56346.1b","volume":"172","author":"S Yucel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yucel S, Desouza A, Baskin LS . In utero prednisone exposure affects genital development. J Urol 2004;172(4 Pt 2):1725\u201330; discussion 1730.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-5-4","volume":"5","author":"J Buckley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buckley J, Willingham E, Agras K, Baskin LS . Embryonic exposure to the fungicide vinclozolin causes virilization of females and alteration of progesterone receptor expression in vivo: an experimental study in mice. Environ Health 2006;5:4.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"BFpr201149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.190","volume":"178","author":"MH Hsieh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsieh MH, Grantham EC, Liu B, Macapagal R, Willingham E, Baskin LS . In utero exposure to benzophenone-2 causes hypospadias through an estrogen receptor dependent mechanism. J Urol 2007;178(4 Pt 2):1637\u201342.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.05.004","volume":"70","author":"ML Vilela","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vilela ML, Willingham E, Buckley J, et al. Endocrine disruptors and hypospadias: role of genistein and the fungicide vinclozolin. Urology 2007;70:618\u201321.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00188-6","volume":"175","author":"E Willingham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Willingham E, Agras K, Vilela M, Baskin LS . Loratadine exerts estrogen-like effects and disrupts penile development in the mouse. J Urol 2006;175:723\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00085-9","volume":"94","author":"KS Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim KS, Torres CR Jr, Yucel S, Raimondo K, Cunha GR, Baskin LS . Induction of hypospadias in a murine model by maternal exposure to synthetic estrogens. Environ Res 2004;94:267\u201375.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-008-9860-z","volume":"318","author":"EM Hurt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hurt EM, Saykally JN, Anose BM, Kalli KR, Sanders MM . Expression of the ZEB1 (deltaEF1) transcription factor in human: additional insights. Mol Cell Biochem 2008;318:89\u201399.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2350\/06-04-0079.1","volume":"10","author":"B Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu B, Lin G, Willingham E, et al. Estradiol upregulates activating transcription factor 3, a candidate gene in the etiology of hypospadias. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007;10:446\u201354.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin SA, Benes V, Garson JA, et al. The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin Chem 2009;55:611\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"BFpr201149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD . Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 2001;25:402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr201149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr201149","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr201149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T03:37:19Z","timestamp":1713670639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr201149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["BFpr201149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2011.49","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}