{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:24:23Z","timestamp":1790385863203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T12:01:33Z","timestamp":1350907293000},"page":"3-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Relevance of brown adipose tissue in infancy and adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Vicente","family":"Gilsanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houchun H.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Kajimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR1","unstructured":"Gessner K . Conradi Gesneri medici Tiguine Historiae Animalium Lib I de Quadripedibus uiuparis. History of Animals, Book 1 of Four-Legged Uniparous. Zurich, Switzerland: Froschaver 1551;842."},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR2","first-page":"113","volume":"4","author":"RE Smith","year":"1961","unstructured":"Smith RE . Thermogenic activity of the hibernating gland in the cold-acclimated rat. Physiologist 1961;4:113.","journal-title":"Physiologist"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR3","unstructured":"Lucas L, Rappeport, A, Jack A . Obesity: an even heftier problem. Financial Times, 27 October 2011."},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.09.035","volume":"160","author":"V Gilsanz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gilsanz V, Smith ML, Goodarzian F, Kim M, Wren TA, Hu HH . Changes in brown adipose tissue in boys and girls during childhood and puberty. J Pediatr 2012;160:604\u2013609.e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780","volume":"360","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1509\u201317.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0530","volume":"58","author":"M Saito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, et al. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 2009;58:1526\u201331.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","volume":"84","author":"B Cannon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J . Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev 2004;84:277\u2013359.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808718","volume":"360","author":"WD van Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1500\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E601","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00298.2010","volume":"299","author":"P Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee P, Greenfield JR, Ho KK, Fulham MJ . A critical appraisal of the prevalence and metabolic significance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;299:E601\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949","volume":"360","author":"KA Virtanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, et al. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1518\u201325.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-133546","volume":"23","author":"MC Zingaretti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zingaretti MC, Crosta F, Vitali A, et al. The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue. FASEB J 2009;23:3113\u201320.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8802508","volume":"88","author":"M Klingenspor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klingenspor M . Cold-induced recruitment of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Exp Physiol 2003;88:141\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60433","volume":"122","author":"V Ouellet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ouellet V, Labb\u00e9 SM, Blondin DP, et al. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J Clin Invest 2012;122:545\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stillway LW . Bioenergetics and oxidative metabolism. In Baynes JW, Dominiczak MH, eds. Medical Biochemistry. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby, 2008:106.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05371-6.00009-7"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200106000-00014","volume":"25","author":"MA Furlong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furlong MA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M . The morphologic spectrum of hibernoma: a clinicopathologic study of 170 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:809\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000331810","volume":"223","author":"H Ichimiya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ichimiya H, Arakawa S, Sato T, et al. Involvement of brown adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Dermatology (Basel) 2011;223:207\u201310.","journal-title":"Dermatology (Basel)"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR17","first-page":"369","volume":"21","author":"S Hatai","year":"1902","unstructured":"Hatai S. 1902 Anatomischer Anzeiger. [Annals of Anatomy [online]], 1902;21:369.","journal-title":"Annals of Anatomy [online]]"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.11.020","volume":"158","author":"V Gilsanz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gilsanz V, Chung SA, Jackson H, Dorey FJ, Hu HH . Functional brown adipose tissue is related to muscle volume in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2011;158:722\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1505-8","volume":"35","author":"MJ Gelfand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gelfand MJ, O\u2019hara SM, Curtwright LA, Maclean JR . Pre-medication to block [(18)F]FDG uptake in the brown adipose tissue of pediatric and adolescent patients. Pediatr Radiol 2005;35:984\u201390.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.06.028","volume":"159","author":"LA Drubach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drubach LA, Palmer EL 3rd, Connolly LP, Baker A, Zurakowski D, Cypess AM . Pediatric brown adipose tissue: detection, epidemiology, and differences from adults. J Pediatr 2011;159:939\u201344.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0983-y","volume":"36","author":"KA Zukotynski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zukotynski KA, Fahey FH, Laffin S, et al. Constant ambient temperature of 24\u00b0C significantly reduces FDG uptake by brown adipose tissue in children scanned during the winter. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;36:602\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.4.1831127","volume":"183","author":"MT Truong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Truong MT, Erasmus JJ, Munden RF, et al. Focal FDG uptake in mediastinal brown fat mimicking malignancy: a potential pitfall resolved on PET\/CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:1127\u201332.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-005-0030-3","volume":"8","author":"CA Garcia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garcia CA, Van Nostrand D, Atkins F, et al. Reduction of brown fat 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose uptake by controlling environmental temperature prior to positron emission tomography scan. Mol Imaging Biol 2006;8:24\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0487","volume":"96","author":"P Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee P, Zhao JT, Swarbrick MM, et al. High prevalence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2450\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"BFpr2012141_CR25","first-page":"35","volume":"112","author":"JM Heaton","year":"1972","unstructured":"Heaton JM . The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 1972;112(Pt 1):35\u20139.","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0833","volume":"58","author":"IT Au-Yong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Au-Yong IT, Thorn N, Ganatra R, Perkins AC, Symonds ME . Brown adipose tissue and seasonal variation in humans. Diabetes 2009;58:2583\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7488","volume":"198","author":"V Gilsanz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gilsanz V, Hu HH, Smith ML, et al. The depiction of brown adipose tissue is related to disease status in pediatric patients with lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012;198:909\u201313.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.030650","volume":"95","author":"JS Chalfant","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chalfant JS, Smith ML, Hu HH, et al. Inverse association between brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue accumulation in successfully treated pediatric malignancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1144\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.009","volume":"11","author":"LP Kozak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kozak LP . Brown fat and the myth of diet-induced thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2010;11:263\u20137.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5661","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030672","volume":"88","author":"N Nagai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nagai N, Sakane N, Ueno LM, Hamada T, Moritani T . The -3826 A --&gt;G variant of the uncoupling protein-1 gene diminishes postprandial thermogenesis after a high fat meal in healthy boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5661\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.2.499","volume":"15","author":"K Warzocha","year":"1997","unstructured":"Warzocha K, Salles G, Bienvenu J, et al. Tumor necrosis factor ligand-receptor system can predict treatment outcome in lymphoma patients. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:499\u2013508.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400292","volume":"4","author":"E Nisoli","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nisoli E, Briscini L, Tonello C, De Giuli-Morghen C, Carruba MO . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis in rat brown adipocytes. Cell Death Differ 1997;4:771\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36213","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.030874","volume":"284","author":"T Romanatto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romanatto T, Roman EA, Arruda AP, et al. Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis. J Biol Chem 2009;284:36213\u201322.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-006-0066-x","volume":"33","author":"C Rousseau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rousseau C, Bourbouloux E, Campion L, et al. Brown fat in breast cancer patients: analysis of serial (18)F-FDG PET\/CT scans. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006;33:785\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.12.014","volume":"9","author":"HM Feldmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feldmann HM, Golozoubova V, Cannon B, Nedergaard J . UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. Cell Metab 2009;9:203\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665109990255","volume":"68","author":"B Cannon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J . Thermogenesis challenges the adipostat hypothesis for body-weight control. Proc Nutr Soc 2009;68:401\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00474-3","volume":"106","author":"A Cederberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cederberg A, Gr\u00f8nning LM, Ahr\u00e9n B, Task\u00e9n K, Carlsson P, Enerb\u00e4ck S . FOXC2 is a winged helix gene that counteracts obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and diet-induced insulin resistance. Cell 2001;106:563\u201373.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.1.8536614","volume":"137","author":"A Hamann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hamann A, Flier JS, Lowell BB . Decreased brown fat markedly enhances susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Endocrinology 1996;137:21\u20139.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR39","first-page":"170","volume":"44","author":"C Cohade","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohade C, Osman M, Pannu HK, Wahl RL . Uptake in supraclavicular area fat (\u201cUSA-Fat\u201d): description on 18F-FDG PET\/CT. J Nucl Med 2003;44:170\u20136.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-200411000-00007","volume":"25","author":"MG Sturkenboom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sturkenboom MG, Franssen EJ, Berkhof J, Hoekstra OS . Physiological uptake of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in the neck and upper chest region: are there predictive characteristics? Nucl Med Commun 2004;25:1109\u201311.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.105","volume":"19","author":"T Yoneshiro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Matsushita M, et al. Brown adipose tissue, whole-body energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in healthy adult men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:13\u20136.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2391","volume":"9","author":"A Guilherme","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guilherme A, Virbasius JV, Puri V, Czech MP . Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008;9:367\u201377.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2191","volume":"93","author":"A Cartier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cartier A, Lemieux I, Alm\u00e9ras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Despr\u00e9s JP . Visceral obesity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis: contributions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1931\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.08.018","volume":"134","author":"SR Farmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farmer SR . Brown fat and skeletal muscle: unlikely cousins? Cell 2008;134:726\u20137.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.005","volume":"11","author":"S Kajimura","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kajimura S, Seale P, Spiegelman BM . Transcriptional control of brown fat development. Cell Metab 2010;11:257\u201362.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07182","volume":"454","author":"P Seale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, et al. PRDM16 controls a brown fat\/skeletal muscle switch. Nature 2008;454:961\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2469","volume":"217","author":"AI Caplan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Caplan AI . Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight. J Pathol 2009;217:318\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10777","volume":"481","author":"P Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bostr\u00f6m P, Wu J, Jedrychowski MP, et al. A PGC1-a-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 2012;481:463\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1159\/000110448","volume":"20","author":"S Rodriguez-Cuenca","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Monjo M, Frontera M, Gianotti M, Proenza AM, Roca P . Sex steroid receptor expression profile in brown adipose tissue. Effects of hormonal status. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007;20:877\u201386.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-825905","volume":"36","author":"C Hioki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hioki C, Yoshida T, Kogure A, et al. Effects of growth hormone (GH) on mRNA levels of uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 in brown and white adipose tissues and skeletal muscle in obese mice. Horm Metab Res 2004;36:607\u201313.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0710291","volume":"71","author":"ME Lean","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lean ME, James WP, Jennings G, Trayhurn P . Brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein content in human infants, children and adults. Clin Sci 1986;71:291\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E584","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2246","volume":"97","author":"MA Bredella","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bredella MA, Fazeli PK, Freedman LM, et al. Young women with cold-activated brown adipose tissue have higher bone mineral density and lower Pref-1 than women without brown adipose tissue: a study in women with anorexia nervosa, women recovered from anorexia nervosa, and normal-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E584\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1589","volume":"97","author":"S Ponrartana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ponrartana S, Aggabao PC, Hu HH, Aldrovandi GM, Wren TA, Gilsanz V . Brown adipose tissue and its relationship to bone structure in pediatric patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:2693\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09264","volume":"466","author":"E Calo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calo E, Quintero-Estades JA, Danielian PS, Nedelcu S, Berman SD, Lees JA . Rb regulates fate choice and lineage commitment in vivo. Nature 2010;466:1110\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00327-6","volume":"8","author":"DM Thomas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thomas DM, Carty SA, Piscopo DM, et al. The retinoblastoma protein acts as a transcriptional coactivator required for osteogenic differentiation. Mol Cell 2001;8:303\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060692","volume":"170","author":"E Olmsted-Davis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olmsted-Davis E, Gannon FH, Ozen M, et al. Hypoxic adipocytes pattern early heterotopic bone formation. Am J Pathol 2007;170:620\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0514","volume":"201","author":"S Zanotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanotti S, Stadmeyer L, Smerdel-Ramoya A, Durant D, Canalis E . Misexpression of CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein beta causes osteopenia. J Endocrinol 2009;201:263\u201374.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.08.017","volume":"49","author":"RL Seger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seger RL, Cross RA, Rosen CJ, et al. Investigating the mechanism for maintaining eucalcemia despite immobility and anuria in the hibernating American black bear (Ursus americanus). Bone 2011;49:1205\u201312.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8602260","volume":"86","author":"S Egginton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Egginton S, Fairney J, Bratcher J . Differential effects of cold exposure on muscle fibre composition and capillary supply in hibernator and non-hibernator rodents. Exp Physiol 2001;86:629\u201339.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.004","volume":"11","author":"A Frontini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frontini A, Cinti S . Distribution and development of brown adipocytes in the murine and human adipose organ. Cell Metab 2010;11:253\u20136.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2010.566","volume":"27","author":"PA Svensson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Svensson PA, Jern\u00e5s M, Sj\u00f6holm K, et al. Gene expression in human brown adipose tissue. Int J Mol Med 2011;27:227\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1159\/000335810","volume":"28","author":"A Hernandez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hernandez A, de Mena RM, Martin E, Obregon MJ . Differences in the response of UCP1 mRNA to hormonal stimulation between rat and mouse primary cultures of brown adipocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011;28:969\u201380.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1349","volume":"152","author":"P Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee P, Swarbrick MM, Zhao JT, Ho KK . Inducible brown adipogenesis of supraclavicular fat in adult humans. Endocrinology 2011;152:3597\u2013602.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21752","volume":"114","author":"L Wilson-Fritch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson-Fritch L, Nicoloro S, Chouinard M, et al. Mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissue associated with obesity and treatment with rosiglitazone. J Clin Invest 2004;114:1281\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4714","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01899-08","volume":"29","author":"C Vernochet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vernochet C, Peres SB, Davis KE, et al. C\/EBPalpha and the corepressors CtBP1 and CtBP2 regulate repression of select visceral white adipose genes during induction of the brown phenotype in white adipocytes by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. Mol Cell Biol 2009;29:4714\u201328.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.053942","volume":"285","author":"N Petrovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petrovic N, Walden TB, Shabalina IG, Timmons JA, Cannon B, Nedergaard J . Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2010;285:7153\u201364.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.019","volume":"15","author":"H Ohno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ohno H, Shinoda K, Spiegelman BM, Kajimura S . PPAR\u03b3 agonists induce a white-to-brown fat conversion through stabilization of PRDM16 protein. Cell Metab 2012;15:395\u2013404.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049452","volume":"7","author":"LZ Sharp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharp LZ, Shinoda K, Ohno H, et al. Human BAT possesses molecular signatures that resemble beige\/brite cells. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e49452.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.02.027","volume":"58","author":"E Atlantis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Atlantis E, Martin SA, Haren MT, Taylor AW, Wittert GA . Inverse associations between muscle mass, strength, and the metabolic syndrome. Metab Clin Exp 2009;58:1013\u201322.","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091780311","volume":"178","author":"RJ Merklin","year":"1974","unstructured":"Merklin RJ . Growth and distribution of human fetal brown fat. Anat Rec 1974;178:637\u201345.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.2.2.161","volume":"2","author":"WH Oddy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oddy WH . Long-term health outcomes and mechanisms associated with breastfeeding. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2002;2:161\u201377.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327505","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2009-327505","volume":"2009","author":"F Savino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Savino F, Liguori SA, Fissore MF, Oggero R . Breast milk hormones and their protective effect on obesity. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2009;2009:327505.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00298-6","volume":"1584","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Matheny M, Zolotukhin S, Tumer N, Scarpace PJ . Regulation of adiponectin and leptin gene expression in white and brown adipose tissues: influence of beta3-adrenergic agonists, retinoic acid, leptin and fasting. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002;1584:115\u201322.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01318.x","volume":"13","author":"P Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee P, Ho KK, Lee P, Greenfield JR, Ho KK, Greenfield JR . Hot fat in a cool man: infrared thermography and brown adipose tissue. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:92\u20133.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1972.tb15952.x","volume":"61","author":"E Rylander","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rylander E . Age dependent reactions of rectal and skin temperatures of infants during exposure to cold. Acta Paediatr Scand 1972;61:597\u2013605.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.04.056","volume":"161","author":"ME Symonds","year":"2012","unstructured":"Symonds ME, Henderson K, Elvidge L, et al. Thermal imaging to assess age-related changes of skin temperature within the supraclavicular region co-locating with brown adipose tissue in healthy children. J Pediatr 2012;161:892\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23531","volume":"35","author":"HH Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu HH, Tovar JP, Pavlova Z, Smith ML, Gilsanz V . Unequivocal identification of brown adipose tissue in a human infant. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012;35:938\u201342.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR78","unstructured":"Hu HH, Perkins TG, Chia JM, Gilsanz V . Characterization of human brown adipose tissue of chemical-shift water-fat magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Roentgen, in press."},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-0873","volume":"55","author":"S Zvonic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zvonic S, Ptitsyn AA, Conrad SA, et al. Characterization of peripheral circadian clocks in adipose tissues. Diabetes 2006;55:962\u201370.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.78","volume":"20","author":"DR van der Veen","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Veen DR, Shao J, Chapman S, Leevy WM, Duffield GE . A diurnal rhythm in glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue revealed by in vivo PET-FDG imaging. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012;20:1527\u20139.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"BFpr2012141_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00183.2007","volume":"32","author":"M Jastroch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jastroch M, Withers KW, Taudien S, et al. Marsupial uncoupling protein 1 sheds light on the evolution of mammalian nonshivering thermogenesis. Physiol Genomics 2008;32:161\u20139.","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2012141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2012141","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2012141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:56:08Z","timestamp":1684457768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2012141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BFpr2012141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2012.141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}