{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1768286091433,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T16:08:02Z","timestamp":1405526882000},"page":"378-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and local safety profile of propranolol eye drops in rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Letizia","family":"Padrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Isacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Rita","family":"Bilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Masini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Della Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Calvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ceccantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo la","family":"Marca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.009","volume":"84","author":"C Gilbert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilbert C . Retinopathy of prematurity: a global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control. Early Hum Dev 2008;84:77\u201382.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.1016","volume":"112","author":"A Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m A, Engstr\u00f6m E, H\u00e5rd AL, et al. Postnatal serum insulin-like growth factor I deficiency is associated with retinopathy of prematurity and other complications of premature birth. Pediatrics 2003;112:1016\u201320.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2008.05.001","volume":"27","author":"JS Penn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Penn JS, Madan A, Caldwell RB, Bartoli M, Caldwell RW, Hartnett ME . Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008;27:331\u201371.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140419009","volume":"114","author":"EA Pierce","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pierce EA, Foley ED, Smith LE . Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by oxygen in a model of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:1219\u201328.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0708819","volume":"358","author":"C L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze","year":"2008","unstructured":"L\u00e9aut\u00e9-Labr\u00e8ze C, Dumas de la Roque E, Hubiche T, Boralevi F, Thambo JB, Ta\u00efeb A . Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2649\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.09.008","volume":"47","author":"Y Ji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ji Y, Li K, Xiao X, Zheng S, Xu T, Chen S . Effects of propranolol on the proliferation and apoptosis of hemangioma-derived endothelial cells. J Pediatr Surg 2012;47:2216\u201323.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-007-9066-0","volume":"10","author":"J Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen J, Smith LE . Retinopathy of prematurity. Angiogenesis 2007;10:133\u201340.","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5536","volume":"52","author":"C Ristori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ristori C, Filippi L, Dal Monte M, et al. Role of the adrenergic system in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy: antiangiogenic effects of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:155\u201370.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07530.x","volume":"119","author":"D Martini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martini D, Monte MD, Ristori C, et al. Antiangiogenic effects of \u03b22 -adrenergic receptor blockade in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Neurochem 2011;119:1317\u201329.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-9408","volume":"53","author":"M Dal Monte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dal Monte M, Martini D, Latina V, Pavan B, Filippi L, Bagnoli P . Beta-adrenoreceptor agonism influences retinal responses to hypoxia in a model of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2181\u201392.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.049","volume":"163","author":"L Filippi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Bagnoli P, et al. Oral propranolol for retinopathy of prematurity: risks, safety concerns, and perspectives. J Pediatr 2013;163:1570\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303951","volume":"98","author":"IR Makhoul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Makhoul IR, Peleg O, Miller B, et al. Oral propranolol versus placebo for retinopathy of prematurity: a pilot, randomised, double-blind prospective study. Arch Dis Child 2013;98:565\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0055","volume":"27","author":"J Hao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hao J, Yang MB, Liu H, Li SK . Distribution of propranolol in periocular tissues: a comparison of topical and systemic administration. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;27:453\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.03.013","volume":"111","author":"M Dal Monte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dal Monte M, Casini G, la Marca G, Isacchi B, Filippi L, Bagnoli P . Eye drop propranolol administration promotes the recovery of oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Exp Eye Res 2013;111:27\u201335.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1324-2","volume":"170","author":"C Schiestl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schiestl C, Neuhaus K, Zoller S, et al. Efficacy and safety of propranolol as first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas. Eur J Pediatr 2011;170:493\u2013501.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25589","volume":"128","author":"SY Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park SY, Kang JH, Jeong KJ, et al. Norepinephrine induces VEGF expression and angiogenesis by a hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 protein-dependent mechanism. Int J Cancer 2011;128:2306\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.09.048","volume":"553","author":"Y Seya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seya Y, Fukuda T, Isobe K, Kawakami Y, Takekoshi K . Effect of norepinephrine on RhoA, MAP kinase, proliferation and VEGF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2006;553:54\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGEN.0000029411.76494.33","volume":"6","author":"J Weil","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weil J, Benndorf R, Fredersdorf S, Griese DP, Eschenhagen T . Norepinephrine upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor in rat cardiac myocytes by a paracrine mechanism. Angiogenesis 2003;6:303\u20139.","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01495-9","volume":"53","author":"S Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es S, Moura D . Vascular adrenoceptors: an update. Pharmacol Rev 2001;53:319\u201356.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000191541.06788.bb","volume":"97","author":"G Iaccarino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iaccarino G, Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, et al. Ischemic neoangiogenesis enhanced by beta2-adrenergic receptor overexpression: a novel role for the endothelial adrenergic system. Circ Res 2005;97:1182\u20139.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1476","volume":"131","author":"JA Lavine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavine JA, Sang Y, Wang S, Ip MS, Sheibani N . Attenuation of choroidal neovascularization by \u03b2(2)-adrenoreceptor antagonism. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013;131:376\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-10-83","volume":"10","author":"L Filippi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Fiorini P, et al. Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol in newborns with Retinopathy of Prematurity (PROP-ROP): ISRCTN18523491. BMC Pediatr 2010;10:83.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e484","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0803","volume":"123","author":"V Praveen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Praveen V, Vidavalur R, Rosenkrantz TS, Hussain N . Infantile hemangiomas and retinopathy of prematurity: possible association. Pediatrics 2009;123:e484\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.755169","volume":"26","author":"L Filippi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Fiorini P, et al. Propranolol concentrations after oral administration in term and preterm neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013;26:833\u201340.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.56.10.770","volume":"56","author":"J Vale","year":"1972","unstructured":"Vale J, Gibbs AC, Phillips CI . Topical propranolol and ocular tension in the human. Br J Ophthalmol 1972;56:770\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1990.6.329","volume":"6","author":"RL Shih","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shih RL, Lee VH . Rate limiting barrier to the penetration of ocular hypotensive beta blockers across the corneal epithelium in the pigmented rabbit. J Ocul Pharmacol 1990;6:329\u201336.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.11.006","volume":"80","author":"J Mains","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mains J, Tan LE, Wilson C, Urquhart A . A pharmacokinetic study of a combination of beta adrenoreceptor antagonists - in the isolated perfused ovine eye. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012;80:393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.161570","volume":"332","author":"RS Kadam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kadam RS, Kompella UB . Influence of lipophilicity on drug partitioning into sclera, choroid-retinal pigment epithelium, retina, trabecular meshwork, and optic nerve. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010;332:1107\u201320.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75953-7","volume":"85","author":"TF Patton","year":"1978","unstructured":"Patton TF, Francoeur M . Ocular bioavailability and systemic loss of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:225\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020030114010","volume":"98","author":"RR File","year":"1980","unstructured":"File RR, Patton TF . Topically applied pilocarpine. Human pupillary response as a function of drop size. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:112\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(82)90081-9","volume":"26","author":"JW Shell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shell JW . Pharmacokinetics of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. Surv Ophthalmol 1982;26:207\u201318.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00119.x","volume":"75","author":"O Elibol","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elibol O, Al\u00e7elik T, Y\u00fcksel N, Caglar Y . The influence of drop size of cyclopentolate, phenylephrine and tropicamide on pupil dilatation and systemic side effects in infants. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997;75:178\u201380.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.85540","volume":"2","author":"S Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar S, Karki R, Meena M, Prakash T, Rajeswari T, Goli D . Reduction in drop size of ophthalmic topical drop preparations and the impact of treatment. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011;2:192\u20134.","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9342-0","volume":"24","author":"L Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pitk\u00e4nen L, Ranta VP, Moilanen H, Urtti A . Binding of betaxolol, metoprolol and oligonucleotides to synthetic and bovine ocular melanin, and prediction of drug binding to melanin in human choroid-retinal pigment epithelium. Pharm Res 2007;24:2063\u201370.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6233","volume":"52","author":"RS Kadam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kadam RS, Cheruvu NP, Edelhauser HF, Kompella UB . Sclera-choroid-RPE transport of eight \u03b2-blockers in human, bovine, porcine, rabbit, and rat models. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:5387\u201399.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010312004","volume":"97","author":"TJ Zimmerman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zimmerman TJ, Kass MA, Yablonski ME, Becker B . Timolol maleate: efficacy and safety. Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:656\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(88)33123-4","volume":"95","author":"DA Long","year":"1988","unstructured":"Long DA, Johns GE, Mullen RS, et al. Levobunolol and betaxolol. A double-masked controlled comparison of efficacy and safety in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Ophthalmology 1988;95:735\u201341.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR38","unstructured":"The Italian Medicines Agency. Safety and Efficacy of Propranolol Eye Drops in Treating Retinopathy of Premature (DROP-PROP), 2013. ( http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02014454 )."},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.294","volume":"129","author":"JF Arevalo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arevalo JF, Arias JD, Serrano MA . Oral propranolol for exudative retinal detachment in diffuse choroidal hemangioma. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129:1373\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2011.40","volume":"129","author":"TG Missoi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Missoi TG, Lueder GT, Gilbertson K, Bayliss SJ . Oral propranolol for treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129:899\u2013903.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR41","unstructured":"University of Wisconsin, Madison. Propranolol for Diabetic Retinopathy. 2012. ( http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01535495 )."},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182695ba0","volume":"33","author":"JA Montero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Montero JA, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Sanchis-Merino E, Perez-Martin S . Systemic beta-blockers may reduce the need for repeated intravitreal injections in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration treated by bevacizumab. Retina 2013;33:508\u201312.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR43","unstructured":"Council of Europe. Microbiological examination of non-sterile products (total viable aerobic count). In: Council of Europe, eds. European Pharmacopoeia 5th edn. Strasbourg: Council of Europe,2005 20612:154\u20136."},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(01)00211-9","volume":"45","author":"KR Wilhelmus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wilhelmus KR . The Draize eye test. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;45:493\u2013515.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFpr2014108_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.01.034","volume":"78\u201379","author":"ML Della Bona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Della Bona ML, Malvagia S, Villanelli F, et al. A rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method for measuring propranolol on dried blood spots. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013;78\u201379:34\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2014108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2014108","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2014108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T20:52:48Z","timestamp":1746305568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/pr2014108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["BFpr2014108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2014.108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3998","1530-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3998","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}