{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T00:22:54Z","timestamp":1794010974092,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18fk0108047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18fk0108047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18fk0108046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18fk0108046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hosts have been fighting pathogens throughout the evolution of all infectious diseases.\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is one of the most common infectious agents in humans but causes only opportunistic infection in healthy individuals. Similar to antimicrobial immunity against other organisms, the immune response against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    activates innate immunity and in turn induces acquired immune responses. After activation of acquired immunity, host immune cells robustly produce the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), which activates a set of IFN-\u03b3-inducible proteins, including GTPases. IFN-inducible GTPases are essential for cell-autonomous immunity and are specialized for effective clearance and growth inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    by accumulating in parasitophorous vacuole membranes. Recent studies suggest that the cell-autonomous immune response plays a protective role in host defense against not only\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    but also various intracellular bacteria. Moreover, the negative regulatory mechanisms of such strong immune responses are also important for host survival after infection. In this review, we will discuss in detail recent advances in the understanding of host defenses against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the roles played by cell-autonomous immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0353-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]],"date-time":"2019-12-11T07:47:44Z","timestamp":1576050464000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Innate, adaptive, and cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Miwa","family":"Sasai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.07.002","volume":"14","author":"JC Howard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howard, J. C., Hunn, J. P. & Steinfeldt, T. The IRG protein-based resistance mechanism in mice and its relation to virulence in Toxoplasma gondii. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 14, 414\u2013421 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(99)80065-5","volume":"201","author":"W Bohne","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bohne, W., Holpert, M. & Gross, U. Stage differentiation of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Immunobiology 201, 248\u2013254 (1999).","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2013.774391","volume":"32","author":"M Sasai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sasai, M. & Yamamoto, M. Pathogen recognition receptors: ligands and signaling pathways by Toll-like receptors. Int. Rev. Immunol. 32, 116\u2013133 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxr034","volume":"23","author":"SR Quinn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quinn, S. R. & O'Neill, L. A. A trio of microRNAs that control Toll-like receptor signalling. Int. Immunol. 23, 421\u2013425 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090552","volume":"24","author":"B Beutler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beutler, B. et al. Genetic analysis of host resistance: Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity at large. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24, 353\u2013389 (2006).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.5997","volume":"168","author":"CA Scanga","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scanga, C. A. et al. Cutting edge: MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection and regulates parasite-induced IL-12 production by dendritic cells. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 168, 5997\u20136001 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.01.001","volume":"3","author":"F Plattner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Plattner, F. et al. Toxoplasma profilin is essential for host cell invasion and TLR11-dependent induction of an interleukin-12 response. Cell Host Microbe. 3, 77\u201387 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109893","volume":"308","author":"F Yarovinsky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yarovinsky, F. et al. TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein. Science (New York, NY) 308, 1626\u20131629 (2005).","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.016","volume":"38","author":"AA Koblansky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koblansky, A. A. et al. Recognition of profilin by Toll-like receptor 12 is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. Immunity 38, 119\u2013130 (2013).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/76957","volume":"1","author":"J Aliberti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aliberti, J. et al. CCR5 provides a signal for microbial induced production of IL-12 by CD8 alpha+ dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 1, 83\u201387 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:27:2-3:521","volume":"27","author":"A Sher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sher, A. et al. Induction and regulation of IL-12-dependent host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. Immunol. Res. 27, 521\u2013528 (2003).","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00180.x","volume":"201","author":"EY Denkers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Denkers, E. Y., Butcher, B. A., Del Rio, L. & Kim, L. Manipulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase\/nuclear factor-kappaB-signaling cascades during intracellular Toxoplasma gondii infection. Immunol. Rev. 201, 191\u2013205 (2004).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nishimura, M., Umeda, K., Suwa, M., Furuoka, H. & Nishikawa, Y. CCR5 is involved in interruption of pregnancy in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii during early pregnancy. Infect. immun. 85, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00257-17 (2017).","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00257-17"},{"key":"353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.12.003","volume":"13","author":"WA Andrade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrade, W. A. et al. Combined action of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors and TLR11\/TLR12 heterodimers imparts resistance to Toxoplasma gondii in mice. Cell Host Microbe. 13, 42\u201353 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1096","volume":"102","author":"H Golding","year":"2003","unstructured":"Golding, H. et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by a CCR5-binding cyclophilin from Toxoplasma gondii. Blood 102, 3280\u20133286 (2003).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0250-8","volume":"20","author":"A Safronova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Safronova, A. et al. Alarmin S100A11 initiates a chemokine response to the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Nat. Immunol. 20, 64\u201372 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3365","volume":"13","author":"H Spits","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spits, H. et al. Innate lymphoid cells\u2014a proposal for uniform nomenclature. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13, 145\u2013149 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3482","volume":"17","author":"H Spits","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spits, H., Bernink, J. H. & Lanier, L. NK cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells: partners in host defense. Nat. Immunol. 17, 758\u2013764 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3489","volume":"17","author":"CS Klose","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klose, C. S. & Artis, D. Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Nat. Immunol. 17, 765\u2013774 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.030","volume":"157","author":"CSN Klose","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klose, C. S. N. et al. Differentiation of type 1 ILCs from a common progenitor to all helper-like innate lymphoid cell lineages. Cell 157, 340\u2013356 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128335","volume":"10","author":"S Wagage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wagage, S. et al. The Group 3 innate lymphoid cell defect in aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficient mice is associated with T cell hyperactivation during intestinal infection. PLoS ONE 10, e0128335 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/323086a0","volume":"323","author":"R Philip","year":"1986","unstructured":"Philip, R. & Epstein, L. B. Tumour necrosis factor as immunomodulator and mediator of monocyte cytotoxicity induced by itself, gamma-interferon and interleukin-1. Nature 323, 86\u201389 (1986).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"353_CR23","first-page":"408","volume":"85","author":"M Deckert-Schluter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deckert-Schluter, M., Albrecht, S., Hof, H., Wiestler, O. D. & Schluter, D. Dynamics of the intracerebral and splenic cytokine mRNA production in Toxoplasma gondii-resistant and -susceptible congenic strains of mice. Immunology 85, 408\u2013418 (1995).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.10.4188-4196.1996","volume":"64","author":"CN Nagineni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nagineni, C. N., Pardhasaradhi, K., Martins, M. C., Detrick, B. & Hooks, J. J. Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 64, 4188\u20134196 (1996).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR25","first-page":"33","volume":"69","author":"HR Chang","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chang, H. R., Grau, G. E. & Pechere, J. C. Role of TNF and IL-1 in infections with Toxoplasma gondii. Immunology 69, 33\u201337 (1990).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.13.6115","volume":"90","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gazzinelli, R. T., Hieny, S., Wynn, T. A., Wolf, S. & Sher, A. Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon gamma by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T-cell-deficient hosts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6115\u20136119 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.7.2818-2824.1994","volume":"62","author":"CA Hunter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hunter, C. A., Subauste, C. S., Van Cleave, V. H. & Remington, J. S. Production of gamma interferon by natural killer cells from Toxoplasma gondii-infected SCID mice: regulation by interleukin-10, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Infect. Immun. 62, 2818\u20132824 (1994).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.05.011","volume":"42","author":"MH Askenase","year":"2015","unstructured":"Askenase, M. H. et al. Bone-marrow-resident NK cells prime monocytes for regulatory function during infection. Immunity 42, 1130\u20131142 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.6.2565","volume":"160","author":"T Scharton-Kersten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scharton-Kersten, T., Nakajima, H., Yap, G., Sher, A. & Leonard, W. J. Infection of mice lacking the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)) reveals an unexpected role for CD4+ T lymphocytes in early IFN-gamma-dependent resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 160, 2565\u20132569 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10711","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307868110","volume":"110","author":"CR Sturge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sturge, C. R. et al. TLR-independent neutrophil-derived IFN-gamma is important for host resistance to intracellular pathogens. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 10711\u201310716 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaam9304","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aam9304","volume":"2","author":"Takeshi Kawabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawabe, T. et al. Memory-phenotype CD4(+) T cells spontaneously generated under steady-state conditions exert innate TH1-like effector function. Sci. Immunol. 2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aam9304 (2017).","journal-title":"Science Immunology"},{"key":"353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1261","volume":"185","author":"TM Scharton-Kersten","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scharton-Kersten, T. M., Yap, G., Magram, J. & Sher, A. Inducible nitric oxide is essential for host control of persistent but not acute infection with the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1261\u20131273 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13955","volume":"94","author":"IA Khan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Khan, I. A., Schwartzman, J. D., Matsuura, T. & Kasper, L. H. A dichotomous role for nitric oxide during acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 13955\u201313960 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.6.3512","volume":"162","author":"D Schluter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schluter, D. et al. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase exacerbates chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in Toxoplasma gondii-susceptible C57BL\/6 mice but does not reactivate the latent disease in T. gondii-resistant BALB\/c mice. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 162, 3512\u20133518 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.3.845-849.1989","volume":"57","author":"HW Murray","year":"1989","unstructured":"Murray, H. W. et al. Role of tryptophan degradation in respiratory burst-independent antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon-stimulated human macrophages. Infect. Immun. 57, 845\u2013849 (1989).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260231","volume":"26","author":"W Daubener","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daubener, W. et al. Anti-parasitic effector mechanisms in human brain tumor cells: role of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 487\u2013492 (1996).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.908","volume":"81","author":"ER Pfefferkorn","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pfefferkorn, E. R. Interferon gamma blocks the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in human fibroblasts by inducing the host cells to degrade tryptophan. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 908\u2013912 (1984).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.6.2277-2284.1994","volume":"62","author":"SL Gupta","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gupta, S. L. et al. Antiparasitic and antiproliferative effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme expression in human fibroblasts. Infect. Immun. 62, 2277\u20132284 (1994).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80165-X","volume":"12","author":"A Zlotnik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zlotnik, A. & Yoshie, O. Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity 12, 121\u2013127 (2000).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131272","volume":"211","author":"JS Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma, J. S. et al. Selective and strain-specific NFAT4 activation by the Toxoplasma gondii polymorphic dense granule protein GRA6. J. Exp. Med. 211, 2013\u20132032 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080421","volume":"205","author":"DR Getts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Getts, D. R. et al. Ly6c+ \u201cinflammatory monocytes\u201d are microglial precursors recruited in a pathogenic manner in West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Exp. Med. 205, 2319\u20132337 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3767","volume":"18","author":"M Sasai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sasai, M. et al. Essential role for GABARAP autophagy proteins in interferon-inducible GTPase-mediated host defense. Nat. Immunol. 18, 899\u2013910 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402037","volume":"194","author":"A Biswas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biswas, A. et al. Ly6C(high) monocytes control cerebral toxoplasmosis. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 194, 3223\u20133235 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.10.001","volume":"31","author":"G Oldenhove","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oldenhove, G. et al. Decrease of Foxp3+ Treg cell number and acquisition of effector cell phenotype during lethal infection. Immunity 31, 772\u2013786 (2009).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1376","volume":"7","author":"JS Stumhofer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stumhofer, J. S. et al. Interleukin 27 negatively regulates the development of interleukin 17-producing T helper cells during chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. Nat. Immunol. 7, 937\u2013945 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112134","volume":"33","author":"H Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida, H. & Hunter, C. A. The immunobiology of interleukin-27. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 33, 417\u2013443 (2015).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.11.001","volume":"21","author":"R Sabat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sabat, R. IL-10 family of cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 21, 315\u2013324 (2010).","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"353_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.6.1792","volume":"148","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gazzinelli, R. T., Oswald, I. P., James, S. L. & Sher, A. IL-10 inhibits parasite killing and nitrogen oxide production by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 148, 1792\u20131796 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00353.x","volume":"16","author":"JM Burke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Burke, J. M., Roberts, C. W., Hunter, C. A., Murray, M. & Alexander, J. Temporal differences in the expression of mRNA for IL-10 and IFN-gamma in the brains and spleens of C57BL\/10 mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Parasite Immunol. 16, 305\u2013314 (1994).","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050024","volume":"86","author":"B Swierczynski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Swierczynski, B. et al. Inhibitory activity of anti-interleukin-4 and anti-interleukin-10 antibodies on Toxoplasma gondii proliferation in mouse peritoneal macrophages cocultured with splenocytes from infected mice. Parasitol. Res. 86, 151\u2013157 (2000).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"353_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.2.798","volume":"157","author":"RT Gazzinelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gazzinelli, R. T. et al. In the absence of endogenous IL-10, mice acutely infected with Toxoplasma gondii succumb to a lethal immune response dependent on CD4+ T cells and accompanied by overproduction of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 157, 798\u2013805 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.5.1675-1682.1997","volume":"65","author":"LE Neyer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Neyer, L. E. et al. Role of interleukin-10 in regulation of T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent mechanisms of resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immun. 65, 1675\u20131682 (1997).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR53","first-page":"91","volume":"7","author":"YI Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong, Y. I., Hong, S. H., Cho, S. H., Park, M. Y. & Lee, S. E. Induction of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells following Toxoplasma gondii infection is important to the cyst formation. Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 7, 91\u201397 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"353_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062175","volume":"204","author":"D Jankovic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jankovic, D. et al. Conventional T-bet(+)Foxp3(-) Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection. J. Exp. Med. 204, 273\u2013283 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1731","volume":"10","author":"MA Koch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koch, M. A. et al. The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation. Nat. Immunol. 10, 595\u2013602 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131548","volume":"211","author":"C Neumann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neumann, C. et al. Role of Blimp-1 in programing Th effector cells into IL-10 producers. J. Exp. Med. 211, 1807\u20131819 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14919","volume":"8","author":"DC Nascimento","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nascimento, D. C. et al. IL-33 contributes to sepsis-induced long-term immunosuppression by expanding the regulatory T cell population. Nat. Commun. 8, 14919 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"353_CR58","first-page":"95","volume":"195","author":"A Sher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sher, A., Denkers, E. Y. & Gazzinelli, R. T. Induction and regulation of host cell-mediated immunity by Toxoplasma gondii. Ciba Found. Symp. 195, 95\u2013104 (1995). discussion 104\u2013109.","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp."},{"key":"353_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1270","volume":"4","author":"GA Taylor","year":"2004","unstructured":"Taylor, G. A., Feng, C. G. & Sher, A. p47 GTPases: regulators of immunity to intracellular pathogens. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 100\u2013109 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6715","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.12.6715","volume":"161","author":"U Boehm","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boehm, U. et al. Two families of GTPases dominate the complex cellular response to IFN-gamma. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 161, 6715\u20136723 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2005-6-11-r92","volume":"6","author":"C Bekpen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bekpen, C. et al. The interferon-inducible p47 (IRG) GTPases in vertebrates: loss of the cell autonomous resistance mechanism in the human lineage. Genome Biol. 6, R92 (2005).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"353_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.58.4.477","volume":"58","author":"JM Sorace","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sorace, J. M., Johnson, R. J., Howard, D. L. & Drysdale, B. E. Identification of an endotoxin and IFN-inducible cDNA: possible identification of a novel protein family. J. Leukoc. Biol. 58, 477\u2013484 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20399","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.34.20399","volume":"271","author":"GA Taylor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taylor, G. A. et al. Identification of a novel GTPase, the inducibly expressed GTPase, that accumulates in response to interferon gamma. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20399\u201320405 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"353_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10639","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.16.10639","volume":"272","author":"GA Taylor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taylor, G. A. et al. The inducibly expressed GTPase localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, independently of GTP binding. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 10639\u201310645 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"353_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3428","volume":"168","author":"J Zerrahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zerrahn, J., Schaible, U. E., Brinkmann, V., Guhlich, U. & Kaufmann, S. H. The IFN-inducible Golgi- and endoplasmic reticulum-associated 47-kDa GTPase IIGP is transiently expressed during listeriosis. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 168, 3428\u20133436 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR66","volume":"5","author":"YO Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. O., Konen-Waisman, S., Taylor, G. A., Martens, S. & Howard, J. C. Localisation and mislocalisation of the interferon-inducible immunity-related GTPase, Irgm1 (LRG-47) in mouse cells. PLoS ONE 5, e8648 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"353_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.4.1724","volume":"154","author":"DA Carlow","year":"1995","unstructured":"Carlow, D. A., Marth, J., Clark-Lewis, I. & Teh, H. S. Isolation of a gene encoding a developmentally regulated T cell-specific protein with a guanine nucleotide triphosphate-binding motif. J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950) 154, 1724\u20131734 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. (Baltimore, MD: 1950)"},{"key":"353_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.57.4.663","volume":"57","author":"WP Lafuse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lafuse, W. P., Brown, D., Castle, L. & Zwilling, B. S. IFN-gamma increases cathepsin H mRNA levels in mouse macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57, 663\u2013669 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2008.176","volume":"27","author":"JP Hunn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hunn, J. P. et al. Regulatory interactions between IRG resistance GTPases in the cellular response to Toxoplasma gondii. EMBO J. 27, 2495\u20132509 (2008).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"353_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01443.x","volume":"12","author":"A Khaminets","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khaminets, A. et al. Coordinated loading of IRG resistance GTPases on to the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole. Cell. Microbiol. 12, 939\u2013961 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"353_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008599","volume":"85","author":"SC Henry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henry, S. C. et al. Balance of Irgm protein activities determines IFN-gamma-induced host defense. J. Leukoc. Biol. 85, 877\u2013885 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003414","volume":"9","author":"AK Haldar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haldar, A. K. et al. IRG and GBP host resistance factors target aberrant, \"non-self\" vacuoles characterized by the missing of \"self\" IRGM proteins. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003414 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"353_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.2.181","volume":"194","author":"CM Collazo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collazo, C. M. et al. Inactivation of LRG-47 and IRG-47 reveals a family of interferon gamma-inducible genes with essential, pathogen-specific roles in resistance to infection. J. Exp. Med. 194, 181\u2013188 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"353_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010024","volume":"1","author":"S Martens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martens, S. et al. Disruption of Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuoles by the mouse p47-resistance GTPases. PLoS Pathog. 1, e24 (2005).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"353_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.08.010","volume":"25","author":"JD MacMicking","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacMicking, J. D. IFN-inducible GTPases and immunity to intracellular pathogens. Trends Immunol. 25, 601\u2013609 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201711","volume":"332","author":"BH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, B. H. et al. A family of IFN-gamma-inducible 65-kD GTPases protects against bacterial infection. Science (New York, NY) 332, 717\u2013721 (2011).","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"353_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003320","volume":"9","author":"EM Selleck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Selleck, E. M. et al. Guanylate-binding protein 1 (Gbp1) contributes to cell-autonomous immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003320 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"353_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.009","volume":"37","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamamoto, M. et al. A cluster of interferon-\u03b3-inducible p65 GTPases plays a critical role in host defense against Toxoplasma gondii. Immunity 37, 302\u2013313 (2012).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205635110","volume":"110","author":"D Degrandi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Degrandi, D. et al. Murine Guanylate Binding Protein 2 (mGBP2) controls Toxoplasma gondii replication. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 294\u2013299 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27452","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.379636","volume":"287","author":"E Kravets","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kravets, E. et al. The GTPase activity of murine guanylate-binding protein 2 (mGBP2) controls the intracellular localization and recruitment to the parasitophorous vacuole of Toxoplasma gondii. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 27452\u201327466 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"353_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.04.033","volume":"14","author":"AJ Perrin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perrin, A. J., Jiang, X., Birmingham, C. L., So, N. S. & Brumell, J. H. Recognition of bacteria in the cytosol of mammalian cells by the ubiquitin system. Curr. Biol. 14, 806\u2013811 (2004).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01157","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01157-15","volume":"6","author":"EM Selleck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Selleck, E. M. et al. A noncanonical autophagy pathway restricts Toxoplasma gondii growth in a strain-specific manner in IFN-gamma-activated human cells. mBio 6, e01157\u201301115 (2015).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"353_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.005","volume":"13","author":"Y Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, Y. et al. p62 plays a specific role in interferon-gamma-induced presentation of a toxoplasma vacuolar antigen. Cell Rep. 13, 223\u2013233 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"353_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006027","volume":"12","author":"B Clough","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clough, B. et al. K63-linked ubiquitination targets Toxoplasma gondii for endo-lysosomal destruction in IFNgamma-stimulated human cells. PLoS Pathog. 12, e1006027 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"353_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05487-7","volume":"7","author":"C Foltz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foltz, C. et al. TRIM21 is critical for survival of Toxoplasma gondii infection and localises to GBP-positive parasite vacuoles. Sci. Rep. 7, 5209 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"353_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3267-z","volume":"11","author":"V Encheva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Encheva, V., Foltz, C., Snijders, A. P. & Frickel, E. M. Murine Gbp1 and Gbp2 are ubiquitinated independent of Toxoplasma gondii infection. BMC Res. Notes 11, 166 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"353_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5628","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515966112","volume":"112","author":"AK Haldar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haldar, A. K. et al. Ubiquitin systems mark pathogen-containing vacuoles as targets for host defense by guanylate binding proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, E5628\u2013E5637 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005","volume":"27","author":"N Mizushima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T. & Ohsumi, Y. The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 27, 107\u2013132 (2011).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0550051","volume":"55","author":"MR Slobodkin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slobodkin, M. R. & Elazar, Z. The Atg8 family: multifunctional ubiquitin-like key regulators of autophagy. Essays Biochem. 55, 51\u201364 (2013).","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"353_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2010.04.003","volume":"21","author":"R Sumpter Jr.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sumpter, R. Jr. & Levine, B. Autophagy and innate immunity: triggering, targeting and tuning. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 21, 699\u2013711 (2010).","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"353_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.630","volume":"19","author":"SB Kudchodkar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kudchodkar, S. B. & Levine, B. Viruses and autophagy. Rev. Med. Virol. 19, 359\u2013378 (2009).","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"353_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28796","volume":"116","author":"RM Andrade","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andrade, R. M., Wessendarp, M., Gubbels, M. J., Striepen, B. & Subauste, C. S. CD40 induces macrophage anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity by triggering autophagy-dependent fusion of pathogen-containing vacuoles and lysosomes. J. Clin. Investig. 116, 2366\u20132377 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"353_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1178447","volume":"12","author":"S Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park, S. et al. Targeting by AutophaGy proteins (TAG): targeting of IFNG-inducible GTPases to membranes by the LC3 conjugation system of autophagy. Autophagy 12, 1153\u20131167 (2016).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"353_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37298","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C700195200","volume":"282","author":"T Hanada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hanada, T. et al. The Atg12\u2013Atg5 conjugate has a novel E3-like activity for protein lipidation in autophagy. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 37298\u201337302 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"353_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.006","volume":"40","author":"J Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, J. et al. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane of Toxoplasma gondii is targeted for disruption by ubiquitin-like conjugation systems of autophagy. Immunity 40, 924\u2013935 (2014).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"353_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.003","volume":"4","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. et al. Autophagosome-independent essential function for the autophagy protein Atg5 in cellular immunity to intracellular pathogens. Cell Host Microbe. 4, 458\u2013469 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"353_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086684","volume":"9","author":"AK Haldar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haldar, A. K., Piro, A. S., Pilla, D. M., Yamamoto, M. & Coers, J. The E2-like conjugation enzyme Atg3 promotes binding of IRG and Gbp proteins to Chlamydia- and Toxoplasma-containing vacuoles and host resistance. PLoS ONE 9, e86684 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"353_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1321700111","volume":"111","author":"DM Pilla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pilla, D. M. et al. Guanylate binding proteins promote caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in response to cytoplasmic LPS. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111, 6046\u20136051 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"353_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4740","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00856-15","volume":"83","author":"R Finethy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finethy, R. et al. Guanylate binding proteins enable rapid activation of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in Chlamydia-infected macrophages. Infect. Immun. 83, 4740\u20134749 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"353_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3118","volume":"16","author":"SM Man","year":"2015","unstructured":"Man, S. M. et al. The transcription factor IRF1 and guanylate-binding proteins target activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by Francisella infection. Nat. Immunol. 16, 467\u2013475 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3119","volume":"16","author":"E Meunier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meunier, E. et al. Guanylate-binding proteins promote activation of the AIM2 inflammasome during infection with Francisella novicida. Nat. Immunol. 16, 476\u2013484 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"353_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.012","volume":"167","author":"SM Man","year":"2016","unstructured":"Man, S. M. et al. IRGB10 liberates bacterial ligands for sensing by the AIM2 and Caspase-11-NLRP3 inflammasomes. Cell 167, 382\u2013396 (2016). e317.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"353_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santos, J. C. et al. LPS targets host guanylate-binding proteins to the bacterial outer membrane for non-canonical inflammasome activation. EMBO J. 37, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.201798089 (2018).","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201798089"},{"key":"353_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24467","volume":"551","author":"P Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, P. et al. Ubiquitination and degradation of GBPs by a Shigella effector to suppress host defence. Nature 551, 378\u2013383 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"353_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.09.007","volume":"22","author":"MP Wandel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wandel, M. P. et al. GBPs inhibit motility of Shigella flexneri but are targeted for degradation by the bacterial ubiquitin ligase IpaH9.8. Cell Host Microbe. 22, 507\u2013518, e505 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."}],"container-title":["Experimental &amp; Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-019-0353-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-019-0353-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-019-0353-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T17:37:52Z","timestamp":1695490672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-019-0353-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-019-0353-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1226-3613","2092-6413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1226-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"2092-6413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}