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To date, the role of ILC2-mediated inflammation in the periphery has been well studied. However, the exact distribution of ILC2s in the CNS and therefore their putative role in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) remain highly elusive. Here, we review the current evidence of ILC2-mediated modulation of neuroinflammatory cues (i.e., IL-33, IL-25, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, TNF\u03b1, and CXCL16-CXCR6) within the CNS, highlight the distribution of ILC2s in both the periphery and CNS, and discuss some challenges associated with cell type-specific targeting that are important for therapeutics. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of ILC2s in mediating and responding to inflammatory cues may provide valuable insight into potential therapeutic strategies for many dementia-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00660-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T02:02:29Z","timestamp":1630893749000},"page":"1251-1267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sherry Sin-Hang","family":"Yeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuen-Shan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8538-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond Chuen-Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0508-x","volume":"11","author":"S Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. 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