{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:31:27Z","timestamp":1786375887616,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Mol Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Liver cirrhosis is prognostically associated with poor life expectancy owing to subsequent liver failure. Thus, understanding liver regeneration processes during cirrhotic injury is highly important. This study explored the role of macrophage heterogeneity in liver regeneration following splenectomy. We collected detailed clinical information from 54 patients with decompensated cirrhosis before and after splenectomy. Obvious liver regeneration was observed after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on three paired liver tissues from patients before and after surgery to explore the immune microenvironment map and the characteristics of liver regeneration-associated macrophages (RAMs). scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the composition of hepatic immune cells changed after splenectomy; among these changes, the proportion of CD300E<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> RAMs significantly increased after surgery, and high expression levels of functional genes associated with cell proliferation promoted liver regeneration. Moreover, a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis and a coculture system consisting of primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and hepatocytes were established for validation. We observed a similar phenomenon of liver regeneration in cirrhotic mice and further confirmed that CD300E<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> monocyte-derived macrophages facilitated hepatocyte NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> synthesis via the secretion of NAMPT, which subsequently promoted hepatocyte proliferation. This study characterized the hepatic immune microenvironment in patients with cirrhosis following splenectomy. Our findings demonstrated that CD300E<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages play a crucial role in remodeling the hepatic immune microenvironment after splenectomy, thereby promoting liver regeneration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. CD300E<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophages are anticipated to emerge as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01371-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T01:02:19Z","timestamp":1735693339000},"page":"72-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["CD300E+ macrophages facilitate liver regeneration after splenectomy in decompensated cirrhotic patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chujun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3614-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jikai","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X","volume":"398","author":"P Gin\u00e8s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gin\u00e8s, P. et al. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 398, 1359\u20131376 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5794","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i19.5794","volume":"20","author":"XL Zhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhan, X. L., Ji, Y. & Wang, Y. D. Laparoscopic splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 5794\u20135800 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13276","volume":"49","author":"Y Pei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pei, Y., Zhang, Z., Mba\u2019Nbo-koumpa, A., Chen, X. & Zhang, W. Improved survival following splenectomy combined with curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma in Child B patients: a propensity score matching study. Hepatol. Res. 49, 177\u2013188 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"1371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12573","volume":"46","author":"S Yamada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamada, S. et al. Liver regeneration after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol. Res. 46, 443\u2013449 (2016).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"1371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.05.008","volume":"158","author":"N Yamamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamamoto, N. et al. Laparoscopic splenectomy for patients with liver cirrhosis: improvement of liver function in patients with Child-Pugh class B. Surgery 158, 1538\u20131544 (2015).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"1371_CR6","first-page":"562","volume":"2","author":"ZX Cao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cao, Z. X., Chen, X. P. & Wu, Z. D. Changes of immune function in patients with liver cirrhosis after splenectomy combined with resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. 2, 562\u2013565 (2003).","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"1371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905385","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.905385","volume":"9","author":"Y Jikai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jikai, Y. et al. Individualized total laparoscopic surgery based on 3D remodeling for portal hypertension: a single surgical team experience. Front. Surg. 9, 905385 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"1371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","volume":"16","author":"I Korsunsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korsunsky, I. et al. Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat. Methods 16, 1289\u20131296 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu674","volume":"31","author":"NC Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung, N. C. & Storey, J. D. Statistical significance of variables driving systematic variation in high-dimensional data. Bioinformatics 31, 545\u2013554 (2015).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","volume":"20","author":"D Aran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aran, D. et al. Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage. Nat. Immunol. 20, 163\u2013172 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"1371_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"M Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner, M. et al. Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium. Nat. Genet. 25, 25\u201329 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa, M. & Goto, S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 27\u201330 (2000).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0414-6","volume":"560","author":"G La Manno","year":"2018","unstructured":"La Manno, G. et al. RNA velocity of single cells. Nature 560, 494\u2013498 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2859","volume":"32","author":"C Trapnell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trapnell, C. et al. The dynamics and regulators of cell fate decisions are revealed by pseudotemporal ordering of single cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 381\u2013386 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0292-x","volume":"15","author":"M Efremova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Efremova, M., Vento-Tormo, M., Teichmann, S. A. & Vento-Tormo, R. CellPhoneDB: inferring cell-cell communication from combined expression of multi-subunit ligand-receptor complexes. Nat. Protoc. 15, 1484\u20131506 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0667-5","volume":"17","author":"R Browaeys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Browaeys, R., Saelens, W. & Saeys, Y. NicheNet: modeling intercellular communication by linking ligands to target genes. Nat. Methods 17, 159\u2013162 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"1371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.37","volume":"97","author":"W Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Fully automated 5-plex fluorescent immunohistochemistry with tyramide signal amplification and same species antibodies. Lab. Invest. 97, 873\u2013885 (2017).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"1371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215571192","volume":"49","author":"D Scholten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholten, D., Trebicka, J., Liedtke, C. & Weiskirchen, R. The carbon tetrachloride model in mice. Lab. Anim. 49, 4\u201311 (2015).","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"1371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166954","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166954","volume":"133","author":"D Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, D. et al. Monocyte-derived macrophages orchestrate multiple cell-type interactions to repair necrotic liver lesions in disease models. J. Clin. Invest. 133, e166954 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2301244","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202301244","volume":"10","author":"P Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong, P. et al. Extracellular matrix\/glycopeptide hybrid hydrogel as an immunomodulatory niche for endogenous cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. Adv. Sci. 10, e2301244 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2020.100246","volume":"2","author":"G Toda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toda, G., Yamauchi, T., Kadowaki, T. & Ueki, K. Preparation and culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice for functional analysis. STAR Protoc. 2, 100246 (2021).","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"1371_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"176","author":"M Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng, M., Divall, S. & Wu, S. An improved time- and labor-efficient protocol for mouse primary hepatocyte isolation. J. Vis. Exp. 176, 1\u201319 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"1371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1631-3","volume":"575","author":"P Ramachandran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramachandran, P. et al. Resolving the fibrotic niche of human liver cirrhosis at single-cell level. Nature 575, 512\u2013518 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06318-7","volume":"9","author":"SA MacParland","year":"2018","unstructured":"MacParland, S. A. et al. Single cell RNA sequencing of human liver reveals distinct intrahepatic macrophage populations. Nat. Commun. 9, 4383 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.11","volume":"17","author":"O Krenkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krenkel, O. & Tacke, F. Liver macrophages in tissue homeostasis and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 306\u2013321 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2013.05.010","volume":"29","author":"E Eisenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eisenberg, E. & Levanon, E. Y. Human housekeeping genes, revisited. Trends Genet. 29, 569\u2013574 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"1371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.041","volume":"184","author":"Y Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. Single-cell landscape of the ecosystem in early-relapse hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell 184, 404\u2013421 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302168110","volume":"110","author":"TG Bird","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bird, T. G. et al. Bone marrow injection stimulates hepatic ductular reactions in the absence of injury via macrophage-mediated TWEAK signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 6542\u20136547 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2667","volume":"18","author":"L Boulter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boulter, L. et al. Macrophage-derived Wnt opposes Notch signaling to specify hepatic progenitor cell fate in chronic liver disease. Nat. Med. 18, 572\u2013579 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1371_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.08.002","volume":"55","author":"M Guilliams","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guilliams, M. & Scott, C. L. Liver macrophages in health and disease. Immunity 55, 1515\u20131529 (2022).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1371_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00753-7","volume":"6","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Single-cell immune profiling reveals distinct immune response in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 342 (2021).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"1371_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat1699","volume":"361","author":"MD Young","year":"2018","unstructured":"Young, M. D. et al. Single-cell transcriptomes from human kidneys reveal the cellular identity of renal tumors. Science 361, 594\u2013599 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1371_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00706-1","volume":"11","author":"H Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng, H. et al. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals distinct immune cell subsets and signaling pathways in IgA nephropathy. Cell Biosci. 11, 203 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"1371_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.8879","volume":"10","author":"Y Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zou, X., Chai, Y. & Yao, Y. Macrophage polarization in inflammatory diseases. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 10, 520\u2013529 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"1371_CR35","first-page":"E3186","volume":"109","author":"P Ramachandran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramachandran, P. et al. Differential Ly-6C expression identifies the recruited macrophage phenotype, which orchestrates the regression of murine liver fibrosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, E3186\u2013E3195 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1371_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22950","volume":"50","author":"KR Karlmark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karlmark, K. R. et al. Hepatic recruitment of the inflammatory Gr1+ monocyte subset upon liver injury promotes hepatic fibrosis. Hepatology 50, 261\u2013274 (2009).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1371_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.025","volume":"60","author":"F Tacke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tacke, F. & Zimmermann, H. W. Macrophage heterogeneity in liver injury and fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 60, 1090\u20131096 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1371_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268756","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1268756","volume":"14","author":"E Semerena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Semerena, E., Nencioni, A. & Masternak, K. Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: role in disease pathophysiology and as a biomarker. Front. Immunol. 14, 1268756 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1371_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00373-7","volume":"22","author":"L Campana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campana, L., Esser, H., Huch, M. & Forbes, S. Liver regeneration and inflammation: from fundamental science to clinical applications. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 608 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1371_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0342-4","volume":"18","author":"GK Michalopoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Michalopoulos, G. K. & Bhushan, B. Liver regeneration: biological and pathological mechanisms and implications. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 40\u201355 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1371_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i23.3534","volume":"19","author":"G Tarantino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarantino, G., Scalera, A. & Finelli, C. Liver-spleen axis: intersection between immunity, infections and metabolism. World J. Gastroenterol. 19, 3534\u20133542 (2013).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1371_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.02.004","volume":"17","author":"F Ji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ji, F., Zhang, S., Huang, N., Deng, H. & Li, Z. Splenectomy prior to antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus related decompensated cirrhosis. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 17, 601\u2013605 (2013).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1371_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0233767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233767","volume":"15","author":"AV Elchaninov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elchaninov, A. V. et al. Molecular mechanisms of splenectomy-induced hepatocyte proliferation. PLoS ONE 15, e0233767 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1371_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.05.016","volume":"22","author":"Y Miyaoka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miyaoka, Y. et al. Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration. Curr. Biol. 22, 1166\u20131175 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"1371_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2018.0121","volume":"39","author":"N Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, N. et al. Spleen-associated effects on immunity in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis with portal hypertension. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 39, 95\u2013105 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"1371_CR46","first-page":"848","volume":"18","author":"Y Hirakawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hirakawa, Y. et al. Immunological consequences following splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Exp. Ther. Med. 18, 848\u2013856 (2019).","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"1371_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.022","volume":"67","author":"PF Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma, P. F. et al. Cytotherapy with M1-polarized macrophages ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating immune microenvironment in mice. J. Hepatol. 67, 770\u2013779 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1371_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1159\/000495276","volume":"51","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. The spleen promotes the secretion of CCL2 and supports an M1 dominant phenotype in hepatic macrophages during liver fibrosis. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 51, 557\u2013574 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"1371_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.026","volume":"66","author":"F Tacke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tacke, F. Targeting hepatic macrophages to treat liver diseases. J. Hepatol. 66, 1300\u20131312 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1371_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002690","volume":"103","author":"S Chaudhry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaudhry, S., Emond, J. & Griesemer, A. Immune cell trafficking to the liver. Transplantation 103, 1323\u20131337 (2019).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1371_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0308173","volume":"84","author":"MP Holt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holt, M. P., Cheng, L. & Ju, C. Identification and characterization of infiltrating macrophages in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84, 1410\u20131421 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"1371_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.04.008","volume":"16","author":"P Dutta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dutta, P. et al. Myocardial infarction activates CCR2(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Stem Cell 16, 477\u2013487 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1371_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","volume":"17","author":"J Van den Bossche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van den Bossche, J. et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages. Cell Rep. 17, 684\u2013696 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1371_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01637-w","volume":"45","author":"Q Xin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xin, Q. et al. Lactylation: a passing fad or the future of posttranslational modification. Inflammation 45, 1419\u20131429 (2022).","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"1371_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2014.969421","volume":"34","author":"L Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Zhao, Q., Yang, T., Ding, W. & Zhao, Y. Cellular metabolism and macrophage functional polarization. Int. Rev. Immunol. 34, 82\u2013100 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"1371_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.10.019","volume":"36","author":"M Maurer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maurer, M. & von Stebut, E. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 36, 1882\u20131886 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1371_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28912","volume":"65","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukherjee, S. et al. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis promotes liver regeneration. Hepatology 65, 616\u2013630 (2017).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1371_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13647","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13647","volume":"21","author":"MC Chong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chong, M. C., Silva, A., James, P. F., Wu, S. S. X. & Howitt, J. Exercise increases the release of NAMPT in extracellular vesicles and alters NAD+ activity in recipient cells. Aging Cell. 21, e13647 (2022).","journal-title":"Aging Cell."}],"container-title":["Experimental &amp; Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-024-01371-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-024-01371-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-024-01371-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:55:57Z","timestamp":1740149757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-024-01371-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01371-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2092-6413"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2092-6413","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}