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A precise and differentiated method, which at the same time is fast, noninvasive, and straightforward to perform, would, therefore, be desirable. We sought a new approach to this research area by linking a person\u2019s relative body fat with their body surface\u2019s areal roughness characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this feasibility study, we compared areal surface roughness characteristics, assessed from 3D photonic full-body scans of 76 Swiss young men, and compared the results with body impedance-based estimates of relative body fat. We developed an innovative method for characterizing the areal surface roughness distribution of a person\u2019s entire body, in a similar approach as it is currently used in geoscience or material science applications. We then performed a statistical analysis using different linear and stepwise regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a stepwise regression analysis of areal surface roughness frequency tables, a combination of standard deviation, interquartile range, and mode showed the best association with relative body fat (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.55,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The best results were achieved by calculating the arithmetic mean height, capable of explaining up to three-quarters of the variance in relative body fat (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.74,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that areal surface roughness characteristics assessed from 3D photonic whole-body scans associate well with relative body fat, therefore representing a viable new approach to improve current 3D scanner-based methods for determining body composition and obesity-associated health risks. Further investigations may validate our method with other data or provide a more detailed understanding of the relation between the body\u2019s areal surface characteristics and adipose tissue distribution by including larger and more diverse populations or focusing on particular body segments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00758-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T14:50:13Z","timestamp":1613573413000},"page":"906-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between relative body fat and areal body surface roughness characteristics in 3D photonic body scans\u2014a proof of feasibility"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Severin","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaspar","family":"Staub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Eppenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"758_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz258","volume":"110","author":"JCK Wells","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wells JCK. 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