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The aim was to explore differences in metabolic profile, body composition, physical capacity, and inflammation between patients hospitalized with CAP caused by different etiology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective study of Danish patients hospitalized with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or bacteria. Fat (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity and capacity were assessed using questionnaires and handgrip strength. Plasma (p)-glucose, p-lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), p-adiponectin, and cytokines were measured.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 164 patients with CAP, etiology did not affect admission levels of glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, or lipids. Overall, 15.2% had known diabetes, 6.1% had undiagnosed diabetes, 51.3% had pre-diabetes, 81% had hyperglycemia, and 60% had low HDL-cholesterol, with no difference between groups. Body mass index, FM, and FFM were similar between groups, with 73% of the patients being characterized with abdominal obesity, although waist circumference was lower in patients with COVID-19. Physical capacity was similar between groups. More than 80% had low handgrip strength and low physical activity levels. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 had increased levels of interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 (mean difference (MD) 4.14; 95% CI 1.36\u201312.58; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), interleukin (IL)-4 (MD 1.82; 95% CI 1.12\u20132.97; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), IL-5 (MD 2.22; 95% CI 1.09\u20134.52; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), and IL-6 (MD 2.41; 95% CI 1.02\u20135.68; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044) and increased IFN-\u03b3 (MD 6.10; 95% CI 2.53\u201314.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and IL-10 (MD 2.68; 95% CI 1.53\u20134.69; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to patients with bacterial CAP, but no difference in IL-1\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, IL-8, IL-18, IL-12p70, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite higher inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19, metabolic profile, body composition, and physical capacity were similar to patients with influenza and bacterial CAP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-01057-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T14:04:12Z","timestamp":1641391452000},"page":"817-824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla Koch","family":"Ryrs\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold Matovu","family":"Dungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6287-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Hein","family":"Hegelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas Vestergaard","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adin","family":"Sejdic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Faurholt-Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Krogh-Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgitte","family":"Lindegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31891-9","volume":"392","author":"Collaborators GM.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collaborators GM. 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