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We aimed to study the effect of a palaeolithic diet on sleep apnoea in females with overweight after menopause from the population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seventy healthy, non-smoking females with a mean age of 60 years and a mean BMI of 33\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> were randomised to a palaeolithic diet or to a control low-fat diet according to Nordic Nutritional Recommendations, for 2 years. The apnoea-hypopnoea index was measured and daytime sleepiness was estimated during the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean apnoea-hypopnoea index at baseline was 11.6 (95% CI 8.6\u201314.5). The mean weight loss was 7.2\u2009kg (95% CI 5.3\u20139.2\u2009kg) in the palaeolithic diet group and 3.9\u2009kg in the control group (95% CI 1.9\u20135.9\u2009kg); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.021 for the group difference. The reduction in weight corresponded to a reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the palaeolithic diet group (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) but not in the control group (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.69). The apnoea-hypopnoea index was reduced in the palaeolithic diet group when the weight was reduced by more than 8\u2009kg. Daytime sleepiness according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score was unaffected by dietary group allocation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A substantial decrease in body weight of 8\u2009kg was needed to achieve a reduction in sleep apnoea in this small trial of women who are overweight after menopause. The palaeolithic diet was more effective for weight reduction than a control low-fat diet and the reduction in sleep apnoea was related to the degree of weight decrement within this diet group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00692536.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-022-01182-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1658728978000},"page":"1833-1839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of a palaeolithic diet on obstructive sleep apnoea occurring in females who are overweight after menopause\u2014a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5306-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl A.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8552-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-0159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernt","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Mellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carin","family":"Sahlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3851-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mats","family":"Ryberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield AV, Ayas NT, Eastwood PR, Heinzer R, Ip MSM, Morrell MJ, et al. 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