{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:25:49Z","timestamp":1793921149307,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Obes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background\/Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Phthalates and phthalate replacements are used in multiple everyday products, making many of them bioavailable to children. Experimental studies suggest that phthalates and their replacements may be obesogenic, however, epidemiologic studies remain inconsistent. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between phthalates, phthalate replacements and childhood adiposity\/obesity markers in children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Subjects\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 630 racial\/ethnically diverse children ages 4\u20138 years. Urinary oxidative metabolites of DINCH and DEHTP, three low molecular weight (LMW) phthalates, and eleven high molecular weight (HMW) phthalates were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference and % body fat were measured. Composite molar sum groups (nmol\/ml) were natural log-transformed. Linear regression models adjusted for urine specific gravity, sex, age, race-ethnicity, birthweight, breastfeeding, reported activity level, mother\u2019s education and pre-pregnancy BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All children had LMW and HMW phthalate metabolites and 88% had DINCH levels above the limit of detection. One unit higher in the log of DINCH was associated with 0.106 units lower BMI <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score [<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.106 (95% CI: \u22120.181, \u22120.031)], 0.119 units lower waist circumference <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score [<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.119 (95% CI: \u22120.189, \u22120.050)], and 0.012 units lower percent body fat [<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.012 (95% CI: \u22120.019, \u22120.005)]. LMW and HMW group values were not associated with adiposity\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report an inverse association between child urinary DINCH levels, a non-phthalate plasticizer that has replaced DEHP in several applications, and BMI <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score, waist circumference <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-score and % body fat in children. Few prior studies of phthalates and their replacements in children have been conducted in diverse populations. Moreover, DINCH has not received a great deal of attention or regulation, but it is a common exposure. In summary, understanding the ubiquitous nature of these chemical exposures and ultimately their sources will contribute to our understanding of their relationship with obesity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-024-01548-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T19:01:21Z","timestamp":1717268481000},"page":"1266-1273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phthalate and phthalate replacement concentrations in relationship to adiposity in a multi-racial cohort of children"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-3587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0028-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Neelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Commodore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony C.","family":"Sciscione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan T.","family":"Tita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Nageotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Skupski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Wapner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Vena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114176","volume":"13","author":"D Drozdz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Drozdz D, Alvarez-Pitti J, W\u00f3jcik M, Borghi C, Gabbianelli R, Mazur A, et al. 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KP has grants from Natera, Pfizer, and Sequenom. The authors declare no other actual or potential competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No identifiable images are being published. Written informed consent was obtained from the parent or legal guardian of each child. Depending on child age and state regulation child assent was obtained. The study was approved by the Medical University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board (IRB No. Pro00070764) and a Central IRB at Columbia University Medical Center (IRB No. IRB-AAAR4976) and by all the participating sites and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}