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Metabolomic profiling enables high-resolution mapping of obesity-related biochemical changes across metabolic pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 551 African American pediatric participants (aged 2\u201321 years) recruited at the Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia between 2002 and 2020. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 86 participants, including 62 of 309 individuals with overweight or obesity (20%). Plasma metabolites were quantified using the Nightingale NMR platform. Obesity was defined using age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 142 individual metabolite markers and ratios were significantly associated with obesity (FDR\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Obesity\u2011related metabolic changes were characterized by elevated branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, GlycA, and triglyceride-rich VLDL subclasses, along with reduced Gly, large HDL particles, and cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins. Global enrichment analysis identified a significant overrepresentation of nominally significant interactions with vitamin D deficiency (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b9\u2076).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity in African American youth is linked to widespread metabolic remodeling across amino acid, lipid, and inflammatory pathways, reflecting core features of cardiometabolic risk. Vitamin D status may also influence these responses, suggesting a potential role in modifying obesity-related risk. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and prevention strategies and point to vitamin D as a possible target for future investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-02003-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:37:55Z","timestamp":1768210675000},"page":"777-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metabolic remodeling and the modulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in African American children and adolescents with obesity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Qi","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Mentch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5131-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Glessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakon","family":"Hakonarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2022.115012","volume":"199","author":"RH Lustig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Kim MJ, Blanc E, et al. 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