{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:39:01Z","timestamp":1786473541980,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Obes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-026-02114-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:26:27Z","timestamp":1780410387000},"page":"1818-1827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered hypothalamic functional connectivity in adolescents with severe obesity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison L. B.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan E.","family":"Pauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Stence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen J.","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Rolls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andre","family":"Cornier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Tregellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0505-551","volume":"8","author":"A Markus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Markus A. Neurobiology of obesity. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:551.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.12.002","volume":"68","author":"E Stice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stice E, Burger K. Neural vulnerability factors for obesity. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;68:38\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2114_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsz085","volume":"15","author":"SD Donofry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donofry SD, Stillman CM, Erickson KI. A review of the relationship between eating behavior, obesity and functional brain network organization. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2020;15:1157\u201381.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197s","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.308","volume":"14","author":"HR Berthoud","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berthoud HR. Homeostatic and non-homeostatic pathways involved in the control of food intake and energy balance. Obesity. 2006;14:197s\u2013200s.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu CM, Kanoski SE. Homeostatic and non-homeostatic controls of feeding behavior: distinct vs. common neural systems. Physiol Behav. 2018;193:223\u2013231.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.02.011"},{"key":"2114_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.109","volume":"50","author":"A Hampshire","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hampshire A, Chamberlain SR, Monti MM, Duncan J, Owen AM. The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus: inhibition and attentional control. NeuroImage. 2010;50:1313\u20139.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2114_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12688","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1175-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"S Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu S, Ide JS, Zhang S, Li CR. The right superior frontal gyrus and individual variation in proactive control of impulsive response. J Neurosci. 2016;36:12688\u201396.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0124797","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124797","volume":"10","author":"JM Orr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orr JM, Smolker HR, Banich MT. Organization of the human frontal pole revealed by large-scale DTI-based connectivity: implications for control of behavior. PloS one. 2015;10:e0124797.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"2114_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uddin LQ. Chapter 2 - Anatomy of the Salience Network. Salience Network of the Human Brain. San Diego: Academic Press; 2017. pp. 5\u201310.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804593-0.00002-3"},{"key":"2114_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.02.002","volume":"37","author":"G Sescousse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sescousse G, Caldu X, Segura B, Dreher JC. Processing of primary and secondary rewards: a quantitative meta-analysis and review of human functional neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:681\u201396.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2114_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.05.002","volume":"114","author":"R Daniel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daniel R, Pollmann S. A universal role of the ventral striatum in reward-based learning: evidence from human studies. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014;114:90\u2013100.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"2114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.017","volume":"57","author":"KM Wassum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wassum KM, Izquierdo A. The basolateral amygdala in reward learning and addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;57:271\u201383.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21268","volume":"33","author":"S Kullmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kullmann S, Heni M, Veit R, Ketterer C, Schick F, Haring HU, et al. The obese brain: association of body mass index and insulin sensitivity with resting state network functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012;33:1052\u201361.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.016","volume":"287","author":"MA Wijngaarden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wijngaarden MA, Veer IM, Rombouts SA, van Buchem MA, Willems van Dijk K, Pijl H, et al. Obesity is marked by distinct functional connectivity in brain networks involved in food reward and salience. Behav Brain Res. 2015;287:127\u201334.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2114_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.84","volume":"34","author":"AS Bruce","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruce AS, Holsen LM, Chambers RJ, Martin LE, Brooks WM, Zarcone JR, et al. Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control. Int J Obes. 2010;34:1494\u2013500.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.193","volume":"34","author":"S Davids","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davids S, Lauffer H, Thoms K, Jagdhuhn M, Hirschfeld H, Domin M, et al. Increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation in obese children during observation of food stimuli. Int J Obes. 2010;34:94\u2013104.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.206","volume":"39","author":"KN Boutelle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boutelle KN, Wierenga CE, Bischoff-Grethe A, Melrose AJ, Grenesko-Stevens E, Paulus MP, et al. Increased brain response to appetitive tastes in the insula and amygdala in obese compared with healthy weight children when sated. Int J Obes. 2015;39:620\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4360","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6604-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"E Stice","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stice E, Yokum S, Burger KS, Epstein LH, Small DM. Youth at risk for obesity show greater activation of striatal and somatosensory regions to food. J Neurosci. 2011;31:4360\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23891","volume":"6","author":"B-y Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park B-y, Seo J, Park H. Functional brain networks associated with eating behaviors in obesity. Sci Rep. 2016;6:23891.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.28","volume":"40","author":"A Dietrich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dietrich A, Hollmann M, Mathar D, Villringer A, Horstmann A. Brain regulation of food craving: relationships with weight status and eating behavior. Int J Obes. 2016;40:982\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.06.014","volume":"128","author":"S Adise","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adise S, Geier CF, Roberts NJ, White CN, Keller KL. Is brain response to food rewards related to overeating? A test of the reward surfeit model of overeating in children. Appetite. 2018;128:167\u201379.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"2114_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0193","volume":"56","author":"S Vidarsdottir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vidarsdottir S, Smeets PA, Eichelsheim DL, van Osch MJ, Viergever MA, Romijn JA, et al. Glucose ingestion fails to inhibit hypothalamic neuronal activity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56:2547\u201350.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1216","volume":"65","author":"AM Jastreboff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jastreboff AM, Sinha R, Arora J, Giannini C, Kubat J, Malik S, et al. Altered brain response to drinking glucose and fructose in obese adolescents. Diabetes. 2016;65:1929\u201339.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.760914","volume":"8","author":"C Roger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roger C, Lasbleiz A, Guye M, Dutour A, Gaborit B, Ranjeva JP. The role of the human hypothalamus in food intake networks: an MRI perspective. Front Nutr. 2021;8:760914.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00266","volume":"6","author":"K Voigt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Voigt K, Andrews ZB, Harding IH, Razi A, Verdejo-Garc\u00eda A. Hypothalamic effective connectivity at rest is associated with body weight and energy homeostasis. Netw Neurosci. 2022;6:1316\u201333.","journal-title":"Netw Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6088","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22607","volume":"35","author":"S Kullmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kullmann S, Heni M, Linder K, Zipfel S, H\u00e4ring HU, Veit R, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity of the human hypothalamus. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014;35:6088\u201396.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2114_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stierman B, Afful J, Carroll MD, Chen TC, Davy O, Fink S, et al. National health and nutrition examination survey 2017\u2013March 2020 prepandemic data files-Development of files and prevalence estimates for selected health outcomes. Natl Health Stat Report. 2021;158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:106273.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:106273"},{"key":"2114_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skinner AC, Ravanbakht SN, Skelton JA, Perrin EM, Armstrong SC. Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US Children, 1999-2016. Pediatrics. 2018;141:e20173459.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3459"},{"key":"2114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1614","volume":"60","author":"van de Sande-Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"van de Sande-Lee, Pereira S, Cintra DE FR, Fernandes PT, Cardoso AR, Garlipp CR, et al. Partial reversibility of hypothalamic dysfunction and changes in brain activity after body mass reduction in obese subjects. Diabetes. 2011;60:1699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2023;151:e2022060640.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060640"},{"key":"2114_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naul\u00e9 L, Maione L, Kaiser UB. Puberty, a sensitive window of hypothalamic development and plasticity. Endocrinology. 2021;162:bqaa209.","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa209"},{"key":"2114_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100764","volume":"42","author":"Y Fandakova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fandakova Y, Hartley CA. Mechanisms of learning and plasticity in childhood and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2020;42:100764.","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2019.106834","volume":"76","author":"D Dow-Edwards","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dow-Edwards D, MacMaster FP, Peterson BS, Niesink R, Andersen S, Braams BR. Experience during adolescence shapes brain development: from synapses and networks to normal and pathological behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2019;76:106834.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"2114_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29812","volume":"92","author":"LB Shomaker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shomaker LB, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Zocca JM, Courville A, Kozlosky M, Columbo KM, et al. Eating in the absence of hunger in adolescents: intake after a large-array meal compared with that after a standardized meal. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:697\u2013703.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2114_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.1024","volume":"143","author":"ME Faulstich","year":"1986","unstructured":"Faulstich ME, Carey MP, Ruggiero L, Enyart P, Gresham F. Assessment of depression in childhood and adolescence: an evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). Am J psychiatry. 1986;143:1024\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J psychiatry"},{"key":"2114_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2114_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537962","volume":"17","author":"AC Petersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Petersen AC, Crockett L, Richards M, Boxer A. A self-report measure of pubertal status: reliability, validity, and initial norms. J Youth Adolesc. 1988;17:117\u201333.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"2114_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"5","author":"T van Strien","year":"1986","unstructured":"van Strien T, Frijters JER, Bergers GPA, Defares PB. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5:295\u2013315.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"2114_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0587-7","volume":"14","author":"KM Mallan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mallan KM, Fildes A, de la Piedad Garcia X, Drzezdzon J, Sampson M, Llewellyn C. Appetitive traits associated with higher and lower body mass index: evaluating the validity of the adult eating behaviour questionnaire in an Australian sample. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14:130.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2114_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002269","volume":"20","author":"AR Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes AR, Summer SS, Ollberding NJ, Benken LA, Kalkwarf HJ. Comparison of an interviewer-administered with an automated self-administered 24 h (ASA24) dietary recall in adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20:3060\u20137.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2114_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.099","volume":"83","author":"RM Birn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Birn RM, Molloy EK, Patriat R, Parker T, Meier TB, Kirk GR, et al. The effect of scan length on the reliability of resting-state fMRI connectivity estimates. Neuroimage. 2013;83:550\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2114_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2012.688900","volume":"37","author":"CE Sanchez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sanchez CE, Richards JE, Almli CR. Age-specific MRI templates for pediatric neuroimaging. Dev Neuropsychol. 2012;37:379\u201399.","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2114_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02523-8","volume":"63","author":"AAS Alahmadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alahmadi AAS. Effects of different smoothing on global and regional resting functional connectivity. Neuroradiology. 2021;63:99\u2013109.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2114_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nieto-Castanon A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. CONN functional connectivity toolbox: RRID SCR_009550, release 22. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56441\/hilbertpress.2246.5840.","DOI":"10.56441\/hilbertpress.2246.5840"},{"key":"2114_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073","volume":"2","author":"S Whitfield-Gabrieli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Nieto-Castanon A. Conn: a functional connectivity toolbox for correlated and anticorrelated brain networks. Brain Connect. 2012;2:125\u201341.","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2114_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194144","volume":"329","author":"NU Dosenbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dosenbach NU, Nardos B, Cohen AL, Fair DA, Power JD, Church JA, et al. Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science. 2010;329:1358\u201361.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2114_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wright JL, Davis WS, Joseph MM, Ellison AM, Heard-Garris NJ, Johnson TL. Eliminating race-based medicine. Pediatrics. 2022;150:e2022057998.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057998"},{"key":"2114_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0496-8","volume":"44","author":"TM Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le TM, Liao DL, Ide J, Zhang S, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, et al. The interrelationship of body mass index with gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity of the hypothalamus. Int J Obes. 2020;44:1097\u2013107.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119744","volume":"264","author":"A Ogawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogawa A, Osada T, Tanaka M, Suda A, Nakajima K, Oka S, et al. Hypothalamic interaction with reward-related regions during subjective evaluation of foods. NeuroImage. 2022;264:119744.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2114_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-022-01476-3","volume":"22","author":"CI Iosif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R, Pickford J. Cerebellar prediction and feeding behaviour. Cerebellum. 2023;22:1002\u201319.","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"2114_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12436","volume":"14","author":"LK English","year":"2019","unstructured":"English LK, Masterson TD, Fearnbach SN, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Fisher J, Wilson SJ, et al. Increased brain and behavioural susceptibility to portion size in children with loss of control eating. Pediatr Obes. 2019;14:e12436.","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs BA, Pearce AL, Rolls BJ, Wilson SJ, Rose EJ, Geier CF, et al. The cerebellar response to visual portion size cues is associated with the portion size effect in children. Nutrients. 2024;16:738.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050738"},{"key":"2114_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.06.039","volume":"58","author":"C Mart\u00edn-P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-P\u00e9rez C, Contreras-Rodr\u00edguez O, Vilar-L\u00f3pez R, Verdejo-Garc\u00eda A. Hypothalamic networks in adolescents with excess weight: stress-related connectivity and associations with emotional eating. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58:211\u201320.e5.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2114_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23776","volume":"55","author":"N Leenaerts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leenaerts N, Jongen D, Ceccarini J, Van Oudenhove L, Vrieze E. The neurobiological reward system and binge eating: a critical systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:1421\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"2114_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl244","volume":"129","author":"F du Boisgueheneuc","year":"2006","unstructured":"du Boisgueheneuc F, Levy R, Volle E, Seassau M, Duffau H, Kinkingnehun S, et al. Functions of the left superior frontal gyrus in humans: a lesion study. Brain. 2006;129:3315\u201328.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2114_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507610113","volume":"113","author":"WM Pauli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pauli WM, O\u2019Reilly RC, Yarkoni T, Wager TD. Regional specialization within the human striatum for diverse psychological functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:1907\u201312.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2114_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa113","volume":"18","author":"F Morys","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morys F, Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda I, Dagher A. Is obesity related to enhanced neural reactivity to visual food cues? A review and meta-analysis. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2023;18:nsaa113.","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.002","volume":"141","author":"MM Heitzeg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heitzeg MM, Nigg JT, Hardee JE, Soules M, Steinberg D, Zubieta JK, et al. Left middle frontal gyrus response to inhibitory errors in children prospectively predicts early problem substance use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;141:51\u20137.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2114_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00708.2015","volume":"115","author":"YM Fonken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fonken YM, Rieger JW, Tzvi E, Crone NE, Chang E, Parvizi J, et al. Frontal and motor cortex contributions to response inhibition: evidence from electrocorticography. J Neurophysiol. 2016;115:2224\u201336.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2114_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200210000-00013","volume":"41","author":"L Tamm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tamm L, Menon V, Reiss AL. Maturation of brain function associated with response inhibition. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:1231\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2114_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2053406","volume":"26","author":"MT de Klerk","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Klerk MT, Smeets PAM, la Fleur SE. Inhibitory control as a potential treatment target for obesity. Nutritional Neurosci. 2023;26:429\u201344.","journal-title":"Nutritional Neurosci"},{"key":"2114_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02687-y","volume":"229","author":"P Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu P, Wang M, Zhang T, Zhang J, Jin Z, Li L. The role of middle frontal gyrus in working memory retrieval by the effect of target detection tasks: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. Brain Struct Funct. 2024;229:2493\u2013508.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2114_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.56","volume":"35","author":"LA Velloso","year":"2011","unstructured":"Velloso LA, Schwartz MW. Altered hypothalamic function in diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes. 2011;35:1455\u201365.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2114_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01451-y","volume":"57","author":"D-H Cheon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheon D-H, Park S, Park J, Koo M, Kim H-H, Han S, et al. Lateral hypothalamus and eating: cell types, molecular identity, anatomy, temporal dynamics and functional roles. Exp Mol Med. 2025;57:925\u201337.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2114_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120947","volume":"309","author":"LDS Neves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neves LDS, Oliveira RKG, dos Santos LS, Ribeiro IO, Barreto-Medeiros JMB, Matos RJB. Modulation of hypothalamic AMPK and hypothalamic neuropeptides in the control of eating behavior: a systematic review. Life Sci. 2022;309:120947.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"2114_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.2.195","volume":"99","author":"LR Squire","year":"1992","unstructured":"Squire LR. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychol Rev. 1992;99:195\u2013231.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2114_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20659","volume":"22","author":"CI Huerta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huerta CI, Sarkar PR, Duong TQ, Laird AR, Fox PT. Neural bases of food perception: coordinate-based meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies in multiple modalities. Obesity. 2014;22:1439\u201346.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2114_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000405","volume":"35","author":"M Field","year":"2016","unstructured":"Field M, Werthmann J, Franken I, Hofmann W, Hogarth L, Roefs A. The role of attentional bias in obesity and addiction. Health Psychol. 2016;35:767\u201380.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2114_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson MJF, Robinson TE, Berridge KC. Chapter 39 - Incentive Salience and the Transition to Addiction. In: Miller PM, editor. Biological Research on Addiction. San Diego: Academic Press; 2013. pp. 391\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398335-0.00039-X"},{"key":"2114_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09250-1","volume":"644","author":"LQR Ooi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ooi LQR, Orban C, Zhang S, Nichols TE, Tan TWK, Kong R, et al. Longer scans boost prediction and cut costs in brain-wide association studies. Nature. 2025;644:731\u201340.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2114_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2025.0106","volume":"49","author":"JS Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park JS, Kim KS, Choi HJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and hypothalamic regulation of satiation: cognitive and neural insights from human and animal studies. Diab Metab J. 2025;49:333\u201347.","journal-title":"Diab Metab J"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41366-026-02114-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41366-026-02114-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41366-026-02114-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:02:50Z","timestamp":1786471370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41366-026-02114-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-026-02114-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8694593\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0307-0565","1476-5497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-0565","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The ADOB protocol was approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board (#19-1171). All participants 18 years of age provided written informed consent, with parents or guardians and participants providing written consent and assent, respectively, for those younger than 18 years of age.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}