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The association between microbial infection and cancer stemness has garnered considerable scholarly interest in recent years.\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is increasingly considered to be closely related to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, the role of\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the stemness of OSCC cells remains uncertain. Herein, we showed that\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was positively correlated with CSC markers expression in human OSCC specimens, promoted the stemness and tumorigenicity of OSCC cells, and enhanced tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistically,\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased lipid synthesis in OSCC cells by upregulating the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression, a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, which ultimately resulted in enhanced acquisition of stemness. Moreover, SCD1 suppression attenuated\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -induced stemness of OSCC cells, including CSCs markers expression, sphere formation ability, chemoresistance, and tumor growth, in OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, upregulation of SCD1 in\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected OSCC cells was associated with the expression of KLF5, and that was modulated by\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis-<\/jats:italic>\n                    activated NOD1 signaling. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of SCD1-dependent lipid synthesis in\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis-<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced stemness acquisition in OSCC cells, suggest that the NOD1\/KLF5 axis may play a key role in regulating SCD1 expression and provide a molecular basis for targeting SCD1 as a new option for attenuating OSCC cells stemness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-024-00342-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T21:31:53Z","timestamp":1740691913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Porphyromonas gingivalis potentiates stem-like properties of oral squamous cell carcinoma by modulating SCD1-dependent lipid synthesis via NOD1\/KLF5 axis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenli","family":"Zang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxue","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6711-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaping","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"342_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00594-2","volume":"23","author":"G El Tekle","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Tekle, G. & Garrett, W. 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