{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:20:44Z","timestamp":1789431644078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T90DE021984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T90DE021984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Oral Sci"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-025-00421-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:02:01Z","timestamp":1771891321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["DNA and RNA-based amplicon sequencing of paired supragingival and dentin lesion plaque in children with severe early childhood caries"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1003-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison A.","family":"Naumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0337-8033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa M.","family":"Elmorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor I.","family":"Lamont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik L.","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9934-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4380-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher A.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14516","volume":"30","author":"N Jain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jain, N., Dutt, U., Radenkov, I. & Jain, S. WHO\u2019s Global Oral Health Status Report 2022: actions, discussion and implementation. Oral. Dis. 30, 73\u201379 (2024).","journal-title":"Oral. Dis."},{"key":"421_CR2","first-page":"20191120","volume":"2019","author":"E Riggs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riggs, E. et al. Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2019, 20191120 (2019).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"421_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","volume":"369","author":"RH Selwitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selwitz, R. H., Ismail, A. I. & Pitts, N. B. Dental caries. Lancet 369, 51\u201359 (2007).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"421_CR4","first-page":"10","volume":"133","author":"PJ Schluter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schluter, P. J., Kokaua, J. & Lee, M. Severe early childhood caries: a modern (neglected) epidemic? N. Z. Med. J. 133, 10\u201318 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"421_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00157","volume":"5","author":"S Anil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anil, S. & Anand, P. S. Early childhood caries: prevalence, risk factors, and prevention. Front. Pediatr. 5, 157 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"421_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12132","volume":"31","author":"WH Bowen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowen, W. H. Dental caries\u2014not just holes in teeth! A perspective. Mol. Oral. Microbiol. 31, 228\u2013233 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR7","first-page":"88","volume":"19","author":"M Folayan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Folayan, M. & Olatubosun, S. Early childhood caries\u2014a diagnostic enigma. Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent. 19, 88 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"421_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.764479","volume":"3","author":"RA Giacaman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giacaman, R. A. et al. Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable and behavioral disease: management implications. Front. Oral. Health 3, 764479 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Oral. Health"},{"key":"421_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00963-6","volume":"22","author":"JL Baker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baker, J. L., Mark Welch, J. L., Kauffman, K. M., McLean, J. S. & He, X. The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health. Nat. Rev. Microbiol 22, 89\u2013104 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol"},{"key":"421_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201701237","volume":"28","author":"F Piva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piva, F. et al. A longitudinal study of early childhood caries and associated factors in Brazilian children. Braz. Dent. J. 28, 241\u2013248 (2017).","journal-title":"Braz. Dent. J."},{"key":"421_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12494","volume":"20","author":"C Zaror","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaror, C. et al. Impact of early childhood caries on oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Dent. Hyg. 20, 120\u2013135 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"421_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2007.00417.x","volume":"36","author":"JA Easton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Easton, J. A., Landgraf, J. M., Casamassimo, P. S., Wilson, S. & Ganzberg, S. Evaluation of a generic quality of life instrument for early childhood caries-related pain. Community Dent. Oral. Epidemiol. 36, 434\u2013440 (2008).","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral. Epidemiol."},{"key":"421_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70255-8","volume":"47","author":"PW Caufield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Caufield, P. W. & Griffen, A. L. Dental caries. Infect. Transm. Dis. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 47, 1001\u20131019 (2000). v.","journal-title":"Infect. Transm. Dis. Pediatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"421_CR14","first-page":"228","volume":"29","author":"DS Wambier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wambier, D. S., dos Santos, F. A., Guedes-Pinto, A. C., Jaeger, R. G. & Simionato, M. R. Ultrastructural and microbiological analysis of the dentin layers affected by caries lesions in primary molars treated by minimal intervention. Pediatr. Dent. 29, 228\u2013234 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"421_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.03.002","volume":"40","author":"C Gonzalez-Cabezas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Cabezas, C., Jiang, H., Fontana, M. & Eckert, G. Effect of low pH on surface rehardening efficacy of high concentration fluoride treatments on non-cavitated lesions. J. Dent. 40, 522\u2013526 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"421_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2037832","volume":"14","author":"KS Fakhruddin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fakhruddin, K. S., Samaranayake, L. P., Hamoudi, R. A., Ngo, H. C. & Egusa, H. Diversity of site-specific microbes of occlusal and proximal lesions in severe- early childhood caries (S-ECC). J. Oral. Microbiol. 14, 2037832 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105204","volume":"129","author":"D Bhaumik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhaumik, D., Manikandan, D. & Foxman, B. Cariogenic and oral health taxa in the oral cavity among children and adults: a scoping review. Arch. Oral. Biol. 129, 105204 (2021).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"421_CR18","first-page":"295","volume":"24","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashimoto, K., Sato, T., Shimauchi, H. & Takahashi, N. Profiling of dental plaque microflora on root caries lesions and the protein-denaturing activity of these bacteria. Am. J. Dent. 24, 295\u2013299 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Dent."},{"key":"421_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3128-3136.2004","volume":"42","author":"R Byun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Byun, R. et al. Quantitative analysis of diverse Lactobacillus species present in advanced dental caries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 3128\u20133136 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-017-0295-7","volume":"18","author":"K Mitrakul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitrakul, K., Chanvitan, S., Jeamset, A. & Vongsawan, K. Quantitative analysis of S. mutans, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium found in initial and mature plaques in Thai children with early childhood caries. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 18, 251\u2013261 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"421_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1995-9","volume":"21","author":"BG Neves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neves, B. G., Stipp, R. N., da Silva Bezerra, D., de Figueiredo Guedes, S. F. & Rodrigues, L. K. A. Molecular detection of bacteria associated to caries activity in dentinal lesions. Clin. Oral. Investig. 21, 2053\u20132061 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"421_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.01.006","volume":"33","author":"ACM Reis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reis, A. C. M. et al. Quantification and gene expression of Lactobacillus casei group species associated with dentinal lesions in early childhood caries. Saudi Dent. J. 33, 69\u201377 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"421_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spatafora G., Li Y., He X., Cowan A. & Tanner A. C. R. The evolving microbiome of dental caries. Microorganisms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12010121 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010121"},{"key":"421_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1418261","volume":"15","author":"B Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin, B., Wang, J. & Zhang, Y. Bacterial dynamics in the progression of caries to apical periodontitis in primary teeth of children with severe early childhood caries. Front. Microbiol. 15, 1418261 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02722-8","volume":"23","author":"K Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, K. et al. Salivary microbiome and metabolome analysis of severe early childhood caries. BMC Oral. Health 23, 30 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"421_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.102","volume":"7","author":"SJ Blazewicz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blazewicz, S. J., Barnard, R. L., Daly, R. A. & Firestone, M. K. Evaluating rRNA as an indicator of microbial activity in environmental communities: limitations and uses. ISME J. 7, 2061\u20132068 (2013).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"421_CR27","first-page":"61","volume":"9","author":"D Bhaumik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhaumik, D. et al. Plaque microbiome in caries-active and caries-free teeth by dentition. JDR Clin. Trans. Res. 9, 61\u201371 (2024).","journal-title":"JDR Clin. Trans. Res."},{"key":"421_CR28","first-page":"e240","volume":"25","author":"A Kazemtabrizi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kazemtabrizi, A., Haddadi, A., Shavandi, M. & Harzandi, N. Metagenomic investigation of bacteria associated with dental lesions: a cross-sectional study. Med. Oral. Patol. Oral. Cir. Bucal. 25, e240\u2013e251 (2020).","journal-title":"Med. Oral. Patol. Oral. Cir. Bucal."},{"key":"421_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ratson T., Dagon N., Blumer S., Sterer N. Microbiome changes in children treated under general anesthesia for Severe Early Childhood Caries: Pilot Study. Children https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10010030 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/children10010030"},{"key":"421_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richards V. P. et al. Microbiomes of site-specific dental plaques from children with different caries status. Infect. Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00106-17 (2017).","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00106-17"},{"key":"421_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0219714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219714","volume":"14","author":"D Wolff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolff, D. et al. Amplicon-based microbiome study highlights the loss of diversity and the establishment of a set of species in patients with dentin caries. PLoS ONE 14, e0219714 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"421_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2046309","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Streptococcus mutans-associated bacteria in the dental plaque of severe early childhood caries. J. Oral. Microbiol 14, 2046309 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol"},{"key":"421_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01449-y","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. RNA-based amplicon sequencing is ineffective in measuring metabolic activity in environmental microbial communities. Microbiome 11, 131 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"421_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-311","volume":"15","author":"A Benitez-Paez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benitez-Paez, A., Belda-Ferre, P., Simon-Soro, A. & Mira, A. Microbiota diversity and gene expression dynamics in human oral biofilms. BMC Genom. 15, 311 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"421_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00108","volume":"4","author":"SN Peterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peterson, S. N. et al. Functional expression of dental plaque microbiota. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 4, 108 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25443","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v6.25443","volume":"6","author":"A Simon-Soro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simon-Soro, A., Guillen-Navarro, M. & Mira, A. Metatranscriptomics reveals overall active bacterial composition in caries lesions. J. Oral. Microbiol. 6, 25443 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"421_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01338-4","volume":"10","author":"M Carda-Dieguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carda-Dieguez, M., Moazzez, R. & Mira, A. Functional changes in the oral microbiome after use of fluoride and arginine-containing dentifrices: a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study. Microbiome 10, 159 (2022).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"421_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04670-3","volume":"24","author":"T Gondo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gondo, T., Hiraishi, N., Takeuchi, A., Moyes, D. & Shimada, Y. Comparative analysis of microbiome in coronal and root caries. BMC Oral. Health 24, 869 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Oral. Health"},{"key":"421_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6647597","volume":"2021","author":"H Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, H. et al. Bias in RNA-seq library preparation: current challenges and solutions. Biomed. Res. Int. 2021, 6647597 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"421_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2015.72","volume":"9","author":"A Edlund","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edlund, A. et al. Meta-omics uncover temporal regulation of pathways across oral microbiome genera during in vitro sugar metabolism. ISME J. 9, 2605\u20132619 (2015).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"421_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0591-4","volume":"6","author":"A Edlund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edlund, A. et al. Uncovering complex microbiome activities via metatranscriptomics during 24h of oral biofilm assembly and maturation. Microbiome 6, 217 (2018).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"421_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2023.105714","volume":"151","author":"Y Niu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Niu, Y. et al. Symbiotic relationship between Prevotella denticola and Streptococcus mutans enhances the virulence of plaque biofilms. Arch. Oral. Biol. 151, 105714 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"421_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bamashmous S. et al. Human variation in gingival inflammation. In Proc. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2012578118 (2021).","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012578118"},{"key":"421_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.22-0710","volume":"95","author":"N Fine","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fine, N. et al. Effects of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on clinical, immunomodulatory, and microbial outcomes in a human experimental gingivitis model. J. Periodontol. 95, 421\u2013431 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"421_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2306020120","volume":"120","author":"KA Kerns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kerns, K. A. et al. Localized microbially induced inflammation influences distant healthy tissues in the human oral cavity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2306020120 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"421_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"baq013","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baq013","volume":"2010","author":"T Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, T. et al. The Human Oral Microbiome Database: a web accessible resource for investigating oral microbe taxonomic and genomic information. Database 2010, baq013 (2010).","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"421_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0252-6","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen, E. et al. Author correction: reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat. Biotechnol. 37, 1091 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"421_CR48","unstructured":"Team R. RStudio: Integrated development environment for R. (RStudio PBC, 2020)."},{"key":"421_CR49","unstructured":"Team RC. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2021)."},{"key":"421_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217","volume":"8","author":"PJ McMurdie","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMurdie, P. J. & Holmes, S. phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE 8, e61217 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"421_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2297860","volume":"16","author":"A Chetty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chetty, A. & Blekhman, R. Multi-omic approaches for host-microbiome data integration. Gut Microbes 16, 2297860 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"421_CR52","unstructured":"Oksanen J. et al. vegan: an R package for community ecologists 2025. R package version 2.7-1, https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=vegan"},{"key":"421_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOAS1283","volume":"14","author":"BD Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin, B. D., Witten, D. & Willis, A. D. Modeling microbial abundances and dysbiosis with beta-binomial regression. Ann. Appl Stat. 14, 94\u2013115 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Appl Stat."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Oral Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41368-025-00421-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41368-025-00421-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41368-025-00421-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:02:05Z","timestamp":1771891325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41368-025-00421-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41368-025-00421-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2049-3169"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2049-3169","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}