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However, we still lack comprehensive evidence regarding which specific chemical components of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> are more harmful for maternal and foetal health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We focused on exposure over the first trimester (0\u201313 weeks of gestation), which includes the early placentation period, and investigated whether PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and its components were associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (combined outcome of small for gestational age, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and stillbirth).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From 2013 to 2015, we obtained information, from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database, on 83,454 women who delivered singleton infants within 23 Tokyo wards (\u2248627\u2009km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Using daily filter sampling of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> at one monitoring location, we analysed carbon and ion components, and assigned the first trimester average of the respective pollutant concentrations to each woman.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ORs of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were 1.14 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.08\u20131.22) per 0.51\u2009\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (interquartile range) increase of organic carbon and 1.11 (1.03\u20131.18) per 0.06\u2009\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> increase of sodium. Organic carbon was also associated with four individual complications. There was no association between ozone and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were specific components of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> that have adverse effects on maternal and foetal health.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00299-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T10:05:28Z","timestamp":1613815528000},"page":"135-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Exposure to chemical components of fine particulate matter and ozone, and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in Tokyo: a register-based study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2298-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehiro","family":"Michikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Morokuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Sugata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazushige","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.10.042","volume":"155","author":"DE Schraufnagel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, et al. 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