{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:35:09Z","timestamp":1768638909423,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-025-00780-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T14:09:51Z","timestamp":1747836591000},"page":"821-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between neighborhood greenery and birth outcomes in a North Carolina cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Wei-Lun","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Luben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9939-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Rappazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"780_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1327","volume":"173","author":"C Crump","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crump C, Howell EA, Stroustrup A, McLaughlin MA, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Association of preterm birth with risk of ischemic heart disease in adulthood. JAMA Pediatrics. 2019;173:736\u201343.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"780_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-146","volume":"10","author":"LK Lund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund LK, Vik T, Lydersen S, L\u00f8haugen GCC, Skranes J, Brubakk A-M, et al. Mental health, quality of life and social relations in young adults born with low birth weight. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012;10:146.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"780_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0692-5","volume":"14","author":"L Belbasis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belbasis L, Savvidou MD, Kanu C, Evangelou E, Tzoulaki I. Birth weight in relation to health and disease in later life: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2016;14:147.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"780_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.09718.x","volume":"68","author":"L Reyes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reyes L, Manalich R. Long-term consequences of low birth weight. Kidney Int. 2005;68:S107\u2013S11.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"780_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osterman MJ, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Driscoll AK, Valenzuela CP. Births: final data for 2021. 2023;72.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:116027"},{"key":"780_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akaraci S, Feng X, Suesse T, Jalaludin B, Astell-Burt T. Greener neighbourhoods, healthier birth outcomes? Evidence from Australia. Environ Pollut. 2021:278:116814.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116814"},{"key":"780_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8243","volume":"3","author":"B Bekkar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bekkar B, Pacheco S, Basu R, DeNicola N. Association of air pollution and heat exposure with preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the US: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e208243\u2013e.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"780_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.07.008","volume":"167","author":"P Klepac","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klepac P, Locatelli I, Koro\u0161ec S, K\u00fcnzli N, Kukec A. Ambient air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a comprehensive review and identification of environmental public health challenges. Environ Res. 2018;167:144\u201359.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"780_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107648","volume":"170","author":"M Torres Toda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torres Toda M, Avraam D, James Cadman T, Fossati S, de Castro M, Dedele A, et al. Exposure to natural environments during pregnancy and birth outcomes in 11 European birth cohorts. Environ Int. 2022;170:107648.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"780_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101252","volume":"14","author":"MJ Nieuwenhuijsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Ristovska G, Dadvand P. WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European Region: a systematic review on environmental noise and adverse birth outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:1252.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.030","volume":"166","author":"C Twohig-Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Twohig-Bennett C, Jones A. The health benefits of the great outdoors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. Environ Res. 2018;166:628\u201337.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"780_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.05.040","volume":"158","author":"M van den Bosch","year":"2017","unstructured":"van den Bosch M, Ode Sang \u00c5. Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health\u2014a systematic review of reviews. Environ Res. 2017;158:373\u201384.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"780_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","volume":"158","author":"I Markevych","year":"2017","unstructured":"Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, et al. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance. Environ Res. 2017;158:301\u201317.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"780_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie Y, Fan S, Luo Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Hu L, et al. Credibility of the evidence on green space and human health: an overview of meta-analyses using evidence grading approaches. eBioMedicine. 2024;106.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105261"},{"key":"780_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0179-y","volume":"5","author":"KC Fong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fong KC, Hart JE, James P. A review of epidemiologic studies on greenness and health: updated literature through 2017. Curr Environ health Rep. 2018;5:77\u201387.","journal-title":"Curr Environ health Rep"},{"key":"780_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114760","volume":"216","author":"KA Weber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weber KA, Yang W, Carmichael SL, Collins RT, Luben TJ, Desrosiers TA, et al. Assessing associations between residential proximity to greenspace and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Environ Res. 2023;216:114760.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"780_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082949","volume":"17","author":"S Akaraci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akaraci S, Feng X, Suesse T, Jalaludin B, Astell-Burt T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between green and blue spaces and birth outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2949.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2014.09.004","volume":"13","author":"AMD Dzhambov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dzhambov AMD, Donka D, Dimitrakova ED. Association between residential greenness and birth weight: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Urban Forestry Urban Green. 2014;13:621\u20139.","journal-title":"Urban Forestry Urban Green"},{"key":"780_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137420","volume":"718","author":"Y Zhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhan Y, Liu J, Lu Z, Yue H, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Influence of residential greenness on adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2020;718:137420.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"780_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001","volume":"81","author":"K Tzoulas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tzoulas K, Korpela K, Venn S, Yli-Pelkonen V, Ka\u017amierczak A, Niemela J, et al. Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using green infrastructure: a literature review. Landsc Urban Plan. 2007;81:167\u201378.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.104072","volume":"85","author":"LV Pinto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinto LV, In\u00e1cio M, Ferreira CSS, Ferreira AD, Pereira P. Ecosystem services and well-being dimensions related to urban green spaces\u2014a systematic review. Sustain Cities Soc. 2022;85:104072.","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"780_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.3390\/w12123577","volume":"12","author":"F Balany","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balany F, Ng AW, Muttil N, Muthukumaran S, Wong MS. Green infrastructure as an urban heat island mitigation strategy\u2014a review. Water. 2020;12:3577.","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"780_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006","volume":"97","author":"DE Bowler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowler DE, Buyung-Ali L, Knight TM, Pullin AS. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landsc Urban Plan. 2010;97:147\u201355.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2013.09.012","volume":"121","author":"C Skelhorn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Skelhorn C, Lindley S, Levermore G. The impact of vegetation types on air and surface temperatures in a temperate city: a fine scale assessment in Manchester, UK. Landsc Urban Plan. 2014;121:129\u201340.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010148","volume":"15","author":"Y-J Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim Y-J, Lee C, Kim J-H. Sidewalk landscape structure and thermal conditions for child and adult pedestrians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:148.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.02.009","volume":"138","author":"W Klemm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klemm W, Heusinkveld BG, Lenzholzer S, van Hove B. Street greenery and its physical and psychological impact on thermal comfort. Landsc Urban Plan. 2015;138:87\u201398.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111411","volume":"14","author":"C Reid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reid C, Clougherty J, Shmool J, Kubzansky L. Is all urban green space the same? A comparison of the health benefits of trees and grass in New York City. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:1411.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198209","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8209","volume":"2","author":"T Astell-Burt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Astell-Burt T, Feng X. Association of urban green space with mental health and general health among adults in Australia. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2:e198209.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"780_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2019.03.011","volume":"41","author":"W-L Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai W-L, Davis AJS, Jackson LE. Associations between types of greenery along neighborhood roads and weight status in different climates. Urban forestry Urban Green. 2019;41:104\u201317.","journal-title":"Urban forestry Urban Green"},{"key":"780_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2019.103619","volume":"191","author":"W-L Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai W-L, Yngve L, Zhou Y, Beyer KMM, Bersch A, Malecki KM, et al. Street-level neighborhood greenery linked to active transportation: a case study in Milwaukee and Green Bay, WI, USA. Landsc Urban Plan. 2019;191:103619.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127349","volume":"66","author":"X Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng X, Toms R, Astell-Burt T. Association between green space, outdoor leisure time and physical activity. Urban Forestry Urban Green. 2021;66:127349.","journal-title":"Urban Forestry Urban Green"},{"key":"780_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104309","volume":"218","author":"J Ha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ha J, Kim HJ, With KA. Urban green space alone is not enough: a landscape analysis linking the spatial distribution of urban green space to mental health in the city of Chicago. Landsc Urban Plan. 2022;218:104309.","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"780_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11028","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111028","volume":"18","author":"P-Y Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen P-Y, Astell-Burt T, Rahimi-Ardabili H, Feng X. Green space quality and health: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:11028.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2014.02.003","volume":"27","author":"P James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James P, Berrigan D, Hart JE, Hipp JA, Hoehner CM, Kerr J, et al. Effects of buffer size and shape on associations between the built environment and energy balance. Health Place. 2014;27:162\u201370.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"780_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-41","volume":"6","author":"LN Oliver","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oliver LN, Schuurman N, Hall AW. Comparing circular and network buffers to examine the influence of land use on walking for leisure and errands. Int J Health Geograp. 2007;6:1.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geograp"},{"key":"780_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-11-22","volume":"11","author":"BJ Boruff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boruff BJ, Nathan A, Nijenstein S. Using GPS technology to (re)-examine operational definitions of \u2018neighbourhood\u2019 in place-based health research. Int J Health Geogr. 2012;11:22.","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"780_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074247","volume":"19","author":"C Roscoe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roscoe C, Sheridan C, Geneshka M, Hodgson S, Vineis P, Gulliver J, et al. Green walkability and physical activity in UK Biobank: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in Greater London. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:4247.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2018.11.003","volume":"12","author":"G Vich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vich G, Marquet O, Miralles-Guasch C. Green streetscape and walking: Exploring active mobility patterns in dense and compact cities. J Transp Health. 2019;12:50\u20139.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"},{"key":"780_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.022","volume":"208","author":"Y Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu Y, Sarkar C, Xiao Y. The effect of street-level greenery on walking behavior: Evidence from Hong Kong. Soc Sci Med. 2018;208:41\u20139.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"780_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Vries S, van Dillen SM, Groenewegen PP, Spreeuwenberg P. Streetscape greenery and health: stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Soc Sci Med. 2013;94:26-33.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.030"},{"key":"780_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2023.2299242","volume":"34","author":"Z Ahmer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmer Z, Atif M, Zaheer S, Adil O, Shaikh S, Shafique K. Association between residential green spaces and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Health Res. 2024;34:3188\u2013205.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"780_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.07.002","volume":"47","author":"L Cusack","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cusack L, Larkin A, Carozza SE, Hystad P. Associations between multiple green space measures and birth weight across two US cities. Health Place. 2017;47:36\u201343.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"780_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP14571","volume":"132","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Huang X, Hao H, Chang HH. Greenspace morphology and preterm birth: a state-wide study in Georgia, United States (2001\u20132016). Environ Health Persp. 2024;132:127001.","journal-title":"Environ Health Persp"},{"key":"780_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.05.011","volume":"57","author":"GH Donovan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donovan GH, Gatziolis D, Jakstis K, Comess S. The natural environment and birth outcomes: comparting 3D exposure metrics derived from LiDAR to 2D metrics based on the normalized difference vegetation index. Health Place. 2019;57:305\u201312.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"780_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100391","volume":"3","author":"A Tvina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tvina A, Visser A, Walker SL, Tsaih S-W, Zhou Y, Beyer K, et al. Residential proximity to tree canopy and preterm birth in Black women. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021;3:100391.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"780_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12121909","volume":"12","author":"A Pilant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pilant A, Endres K, Rosenbaum D, Gundersen G. US EPA EnviroAtlas meter-scale urban land cover (MULC): 1-m pixel land cover class definitions and guidance. Remote Sens. 2020;12:1909.","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"780_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigsby K, McHale M, Hess G. Urban morphology drives the homogenization of tree cover in Baltimore, MD, and Raleigh, NC. Ecosystems. 2013;17:1-16.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-013-9718-4"},{"key":"780_CR48","unstructured":"Nokia-HERE. NavTEQ Streets [Esri File Geodatabase]. In: HERE N, editor. [Obtained from US EPA\u2019s Office of Environmental Information, 201x.] ed. Chicago, IL2011."},{"key":"780_CR49","unstructured":"ESRI Developer. How Focal Statistics works. Available at: https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/tool-reference\/spatial-analyst\/how-focal-statistics-works.htm, retrieved on May 25, 2023."},{"key":"780_CR50","unstructured":"The City and County of Durham. Durham Open Data Portal. Available at https:\/\/live-durhamnc.opendata.arcgis.com\/. Accessed on 06\/17\/2021."},{"key":"780_CR51","unstructured":"Wake County N Greenways in Wake County, NC. Available at https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=3f75595edc244c35812675b226021258. Accessed on 06\/17\/2021."},{"key":"780_CR52","unstructured":"Orange County N Downloaded GIS Data. Available at https:\/\/www.orangecountync.gov\/2057\/Download-GIS-Data. Accessed on 06\/17\/2021."},{"key":"780_CR53","first-page":"113","volume":"21","author":"S Saporito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saporito S, Casey D. Are there relationships among racial segregation, economic isolation, and proximity to green space?. Hum Ecol Rev. 2015;21:113\u201332.","journal-title":"Hum Ecol Rev"},{"key":"780_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fong KC, Kloog I, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Laden F, Schwartz JD, et al. Residential greenness and birthweight in the state of Massachusetts, USA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:1248.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061248"},{"key":"780_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","volume":"15","author":"M Kottek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F. World map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Z. 2006;15:259\u201363.","journal-title":"Meteorologische Z"},{"key":"780_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070771","volume":"14","author":"K Abelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abelt K, McLafferty S. Green streets: urban green and birth outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:771.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"780_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Vara J, Lopez-Feldman A, Marquez-Padilla F. The giving tree: impacts of deforestation on birth outcomes in Mexico. Appl Econ Lett. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1080\/13504851.2024.2358184"},{"key":"780_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.262","volume":"659","author":"H Ozdemir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ozdemir H. Mitigation impact of roadside trees on fine particle pollution. Sci Total Environ. 2019;659:1176\u201385.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"780_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2006.01.007","volume":"4","author":"DJ Nowak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nowak DJ, Crane DE, Stevens JC. Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry Urban Green. 2006;4:115\u201323.","journal-title":"Urban Forestry Urban Green"},{"key":"780_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1177\/00139160121973124","volume":"33","author":"FE Kuo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kuo FE, Sullivan WC. Aggression and violence in the inner city. Environ Behav. 2001;33:543\u201371.","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"780_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916598301001","volume":"30","author":"A Taylor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Taylor A, Wiley A, Kuo F, Sullivan W. Growing up in the inner city: green spaces as places to grow. Environ Behav. 1998;30:3\u201328.","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"780_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0200594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200594","volume":"13","author":"SAM Lima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lima SAM, El Dib RP, Rodrigues MRK, Ferraz GAR, Molina AC, Neto CAP, et al. Is the risk of low birth weight or preterm labor greater when maternal stress is experienced during pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Plos One. 2018;13:e0200594.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"780_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601526","volume":"57","author":"PHC Rond\u00f3","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rond\u00f3 PHC, Ferreira RF, Nogueira F, Ribeiro MCN, Lobert H, Artes R. Maternal psychological stress and distress as predictors of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:266\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"780_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulrich RS. Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment. In: Altman I, Wohlwill J, editors. Human Behavior and the Natural Environment. 6. New York: Springer; 1983. p. 85-125.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3539-9_4"},{"key":"780_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80184-7","volume":"11","author":"RS Ulrich","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ulrich RS, Simons RF, Losito BD, Fiorito E, Miles M, Zelson M. Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. J Environ Psychol. 1991;11:201\u201330.","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"key":"780_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109435","volume":"186","author":"AI Egorov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Egorov AI, Griffin SM, Converse RR, Styles JN, Klein E, Scott J, et al. Greater tree cover near residence is associated with reduced allostatic load in residents of central North Carolina. Environ Res. 2020;186:109435.","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science &amp; Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-025-00780-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-025-00780-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-025-00780-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T11:07:09Z","timestamp":1756897629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-025-00780-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-025-00780-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC (IRB Number: 09-0828) and the NC Division of Public Health. The EPA\u2019s Human Subjects Research Officer also reviewed and approved this work (HSR-001254). This analysis was secondary data, and informed consent was not required. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}