{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:57:06Z","timestamp":1787990226485,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In February 2023, people residing in the village of East Palestine (EP, Ohio, USA) and surrounding areas were exposed to toxic chemicals from a Norfolk Southern Railway train derailment and subsequent vent and\u00a0burn.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify known health hazards and evidence gaps from these chemicals to inform disaster-response research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a rapid phased literature scoping review. In Phase 1, we summarized major conclusions from eight authoritative sources across ~15 health hazard categories for 22 chemicals potentially related to the train derailment and response. In Phase 2, we conducted targeted literature searches in PubMed for higher-priority chemicals and outcomes with research gaps, considering the recency of authoritative reviews. Finally, we summarized findings from the retrieved studies and those from authoritative reviews to further characterize evidence gaps and the next steps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight higher-priority chemicals were skin and eye irritants, seven of which were also respiratory irritants, consistent with symptoms reported by East Palestine residents and workers. Five chemicals were human or animal carcinogens; two may cause adverse immunological or neurological effects, and one may cause damage to reproductive organs or the developing fetus. Vinyl chloride had the most comprehensive data. After Phase 2 literature searches, we suggested the need for primary studies for 12 chemical outcome pairs and a systematic review for two pairs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, our rapid literature scoping phased approach can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, the phased approach used for our rapid literature scoping review can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-025-00803-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T03:38:41Z","timestamp":1757648321000},"page":"888-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identifying the known and unknown health hazard information for chemical disasters: a phased scoping review of the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9605-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth M.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"Clemons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Blain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somdat","family":"Mahabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suril S.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Smith-Roe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wren","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maricruz","family":"Zarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"803_CR1","unstructured":"Coalition to Prevent Chemical Disasters. (2023). https:\/\/www.preventchemicaldisasters.org\/. Accessed 1 Dec 2023."},{"key":"803_CR2","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). East Palestine, Ohio train derailment. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/east-palestine-oh-train-derailment. Accessed 1 Dec 2023."},{"key":"803_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00324","volume":"10","author":"O Oladeji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oladeji O, Saitas M, Mustapha T, Johnson NM, Chiu WA, Rusyn I, et al. Air pollutant patterns and human health risk following the East Palestine, Ohio, train derailment. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2023;10:680\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00324.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"803_CR4","unstructured":"Elverd S. East Palestine today: ACE surveys show similar symptoms. Parkersburg News and Sentinel; (2023) Apr. https:\/\/www.newsandsentinel.com\/news\/business\/2023\/04\/east-palestine-today-ace-surveys-show-similar-symptoms\/."},{"key":"803_CR5","unstructured":"Ohio Emergency Management Agency. East Palestine update - 4\/03\/23. Columbus, OH: Ohio Emergency Management Agency; (2023). https:\/\/ema.ohio.gov\/media-publications\/news\/040323-east-palestine-update."},{"key":"803_CR6","unstructured":"Ohio Emergency Management Agency. East Palestine urgent evacuation notice. Columbus, OH: Ohio Emergency Management Agency; (2023) Feb. https:\/\/ema.ohio.gov\/media-publications\/news\/dewine-020523."},{"key":"803_CR7","unstructured":"CNN\/KDKA. CDC team studying health impacts of East Palestine train derailment fell ill during investigation. CBS News Pittsburgh\/KDKA News; (2023) Mar. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/pittsburgh\/news\/cdc-team-sick-east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment\/."},{"key":"803_CR8","unstructured":"Ohio Department of Health (ODH), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Assessment of chemical exposure investigation results. Lisbon, OH: Columbiana County Health District; (2023). https:\/\/www.columbiana-health.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ACE-Community-Fact-Sheet-OH-Final.pdf."},{"key":"803_CR9","unstructured":"Ohio Department of Health (ODH), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Ohio first responder assessment of chemical exposures (ACE) investigation results: Information about the February 3, 2023, train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio. Lisbon, OH: Columbiana County Health District; (2023). https:\/\/www.columbiana-health.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/RES-OH-ACE-fact-sheet-print-version_FINAL.pdf."},{"key":"803_CR10","unstructured":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). Emerging Contaminants and Issues of Concern Program. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; (2023). https:\/\/www.niehs.nih.gov\/research\/atniehs\/dtt\/strategic-plan\/responsive\/emerging. Accessed 4 Nov 2024."},{"key":"803_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public health research and surveillance priorities from the East Palestine train derailment: Proceedings of a workshop\u2013In brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27441.","DOI":"10.17226\/27441"},{"key":"803_CR12","unstructured":"Gauntner M. EPA lists rail car contents in birds eye view of East Palestine derailment. 21-WFMJ; (2023) Mar. https:\/\/www.wfmj.com\/story\/48499415\/epa-lists-rail-car-contents-in-birds-eye-view-of-east-palestine-derailment."},{"key":"803_CR13","unstructured":"Norfolk Southern. [Train 32N - East Palestine - derail list Norfolk Southern document]. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-02\/TRAIN%2032N%20-%20EAST%20PALESTINE%20-%20derail%20list%20Norfolk%20Southern%20document.pdf. Accessed 21 Oct 2024."},{"key":"803_CR14","unstructured":"Biden JR Jr. Executive Order 14108. Ensuring the people of East Palestine are protected now and in the future. 88 FR 66265. 2023 Sep 20. https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2023\/09\/26\/2023-21174\/ensuring-the-people-of-east-palestine-are-protected-now-and-in-the-future."},{"key":"803_CR15","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Department of Health, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. East Palestine train derailment, East Palestine, Ohio: Frequently asked questions. Updated: November 6, 2023. Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Department of Health; (2023). https:\/\/www.pa.gov\/content\/dam\/copapwp-pagov\/en\/health\/documents\/topics\/documents\/environmental-health\/FAQ%20NS%20Train%20Derailment_East%20Palestine%20OH.pdf."},{"key":"803_CR16","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Enforcement action memorandum \u2013 Determination of threat to public health and the environment at the East Palestine train derailment site, East Palestine, Columbiana County, Ohio (Site ID: C5XR). Westlake, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5; (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-03\/Action%20Memo%20%28REDACTED%29%20-%20East%20Palestine%20Derailment%20ER%20-%2020230221.pdf."},{"key":"803_CR17","unstructured":"Chow D, Abou-Sabe K. Ohio derailment: What chemicals spilled and how could they affect residents? New York: NBC News; (2023) Feb. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/science\/science-news\/ohio-derailment-chemicals-spilled-impact-residents-rcna71561."},{"key":"803_CR18","unstructured":"NewsNation. East Palestine dioxins thousands of times higher than control. Nexstar Media Inc.; (2023) Jul. https:\/\/www.newsnationnow.com\/us-news\/midwest\/ohio-train-derailment\/extreme-levels-cancer-chemicals-east-palestine-soil\/."},{"key":"803_CR19","unstructured":"Borrasso J. Testing finds toxic chemical levels near derailment site substantially higher than samples in neighboring towns. CBS News Pittsburgh\/KDKA News; (2023) Jul. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/pittsburgh\/news\/independent-testing-results-east-palestine-ohio-train-derailment\/."},{"key":"803_CR20","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Memorandum from Mike Devito, Keith Fusinski, Michelle Kerr, Mark Durno on behalf of the Environmental Unit for the East Palestine Train Derailment to Ralph Dollhopf, Incident Commander: Summary of phase 1 dioxin results for the East Palestine derailment incident. Chicago, IL: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5; (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-10\/phase-1-soil-sampling-technical-memo-20230914pdf.pdf."},{"key":"803_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00263","volume":"11","author":"EN Haynes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haynes EN, Eskenazi B, Hilbert TJ, Brancato C, Holland N, Kim C, et al. Serum dioxin levels in a subset of participants of the East Palestine, Ohio Train Derailment Health Tracking Study. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2024;11:673\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.estlett.4c00263.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"803_CR22","unstructured":"Arcadis. East Palestine, OH derailment waste management plan. Revision 6. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; (2023). https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2023-06\/NS_East%20Palestine%20IRR_WMP_4.18.2023_Vol%201-508.pdf. Accessed 4 Nov 2024."},{"key":"803_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8096","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00675","volume":"57","author":"BJ Ruyle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruyle BJ, Thackray CP, Butt CM, LeBlanc DR, Tokranov AK, Vecitis CD, et al. Centurial persistence of forever chemicals at military fire training sites. 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