{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:27Z","timestamp":1788347967498,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-026-00875-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:18:16Z","timestamp":1777015096000},"page":"919-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differences in socio-demographic and environmental exposures at home vs. school in the ECHO cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kyung Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samrie","family":"Beshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Burkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika Rasnick","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl L.","family":"Rifas-Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cole","family":"Brokamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette A.","family":"Stingone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Herbstman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick H.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lovinsky-Desir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ECHO Cohort Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortes-Ramirez J, Wilches-Vega JD, Paris-Pineda OM, Rod J, Ayurzana L, Sly PD. Environmental risk factors associated with respiratory diseases in children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Heliyon. 2021;7:e06820.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06820"},{"key":"875_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-024-01111-0","volume":"23","author":"G Hoek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoek G, Vienneau D, de Hoogh K. Does residential address-based exposure assessment for outdoor air pollution lead to bias in epidemiological studies?. Environ Health. 2024;23:75.","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"875_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.5","volume":"24","author":"SL Kingsley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kingsley SL, Eliot MN, Carlson L, Finn J, MacIntosh DL, Suh HH, et al. Proximity of US schools to major roadways: a nationwide assessment. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014;24:253\u20139.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"875_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.038","volume":"145","author":"M Hauptman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hauptman M, Gaffin JM, Petty CR, Sheehan WJ, Lai PS, Coull B, et al. Proximity to major roadways and asthma symptoms in the School Inner-City Asthma Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145:119\u201326.e4.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8985","volume":"129","author":"KH Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung KH, Goodwin KE, Perzanowski MS, Chillrud SN, Perera FP, Miller RL, et al. Personal exposure to black carbon at school and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in New York City. Environ Health Perspect. 2021;129:097005.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"875_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf4491","volume":"7","author":"CW Tessum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tessum CW, Paolella DA, Chambliss SE, Apte JS, Hill JD, Marshall JD. PM2. 5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabf4491.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"875_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP959","volume":"125","author":"LP Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark LP, Millet DB, Marshall JD. Changes in transportation-related air pollution exposures by race-ethnicity and socioeconomic status: outdoor nitrogen dioxide in the United States in 2000 and 2010. Environ Health Perspect. 2017;125:097012.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"875_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2013.06.005","volume":"126","author":"SC Gray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gray SC, Edwards SE, Miranda ML. Race, socioeconomic status, and air pollution exposure in North Carolina. Environ Res. 2013;126:152\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"875_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2023.03.002","volume":"44","author":"C Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao C, Sanchez KM, Lovinsky-Desir S. Structural and social determinants of inequitable environmental exposures in the United States. Clin Chest Med. 2023;44:451\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"875_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-0899-6","volume":"20","author":"K Sullivan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sullivan K, Thakur N. Structural and social determinants of health in asthma in developed economies: a scoping review of literature published between 2014 and 2019. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"875_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202407-767ST","volume":"21","author":"S Lovinsky-Desir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lovinsky-Desir S, Riley IL, Bryant-Stephens T, De Keyser H, Forno E, Kozik AJ, et al. Research priorities in pediatric asthma morbidity: addressing the impacts of systemic racism on children with asthma in the United States. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024;21:1349\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"875_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.03.016","volume":"152","author":"RL Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller RL, Schuh H, Chandran A, Aris IM, Bendixsen C, Blossom J, et al. Incidence rates of childhood asthma with recurrent exacerbations in the US Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;152:84\u201393.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.0667","volume":"175","author":"CC Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson CC, Chandran A, Havstad S, Li X, McEvoy CT, Ownby DR, et al. US childhood asthma incidence rate patterns from the ECHO consortium to identify high-risk groups for primary prevention. JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175:919\u201327.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"875_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung KH, Pitkowsky Z, Argenio K, Quinn JW, Bruzzese J-M, Miller RL, et al. The effects of the historical practice of residential redlining in the United States on recent temporal trends of air pollution near New York City schools. Environ Int. 2022;169:107551.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107551"},{"key":"875_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.06.020","volume":"154","author":"KH Jung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jung KH, Argenio KL, Jackson DJ, Miller RL, Perzanowski MS, Rundle AG, et al. Home and school pollutant exposure, respiratory outcomes, and influence of historical redlining. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;154:1159\u201368.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR16","unstructured":"Mitchell B, Franco J. HOLC and \u201credlining\u201d maps: the persistent structure of segregation and economic inequality. 2018. https:\/\/ncrc.org\/HOLC (accessed October 1, 2021)."},{"key":"875_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lane HM, Morello-Frosch R, Marshall JD, Apte JS. Historical redlining is associated with present-day air pollution disparities in US cities. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2022;9:345\u201350.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c01012"},{"key":"875_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30241-4","volume":"4","author":"A Nardone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nardone A, Casey JA, Morello-Frosch R, Mujahid M, Balmes JR, Thakur N. Associations between historical residential redlining and current age-adjusted rates of emergency department visits due to asthma across eight cities in California: an ecological study. Lancet Planet Health. 2020;4:e24\u201331.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"875_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.09.018","volume":"148","author":"Q Cook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cook Q, Argenio K, Lovinsky-Desir S. The impact of environmental injustice and social determinants of health on the role of air pollution in asthma and allergic disease in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148:1089\u2013101.e5.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.109881","volume":"146","author":"H Ai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ai H, Zhang X, Zhou Z. The impact of greenspace on air pollution: Empirical evidence from China. Ecol Indic. 2023;146:109881.","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"875_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tischer C, Gascon M, Fern\u00e1ndez-Somoano A, Tard\u00f3n A, Materola AL, Ibarluzea J, et al. Urban green and grey space in relation to respiratory health in children. Eur Respir J. 2017;49:1502112.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02112-2015"},{"key":"875_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.035","volume":"149","author":"GK LeMasters","year":"2006","unstructured":"LeMasters GK, Wilson K, Levin L, Biagini J, Ryan P, Lockey JE, et al. High prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization among infants of atopic parents. J Pediatr. 2006;149:505\u201311.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"875_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung KH, Torrone D, Lovinsky-Desir S, Perzanowski M, Bautista J, Jezioro J, et al. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and vanadium and changes in asthma gene DNA methylation and lung function decrements among urban children. Respir Res. 2017;18:63.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0550-9"},{"key":"875_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu008","volume":"44","author":"E Oken","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oken E, Baccarelli AA, Gold DR, Kleinman KP, Litonjua AA, De Meo D, et al. Cohort profile: project viva. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:37\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"875_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2011.04.018","volume":"107","author":"T Reponen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reponen T, Vesper S, Levin L, Johansson E, Ryan P, Burkle J, et al. High environmental relative moldiness index during infancy as a predictor of asthma at 7 years of age. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107:120\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-9-17","volume":"9","author":"JE Gern","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gern JE, Visness CM, Gergen PJ, Wood RA, Bloomberg GR, O\u2019Connor GT, et al. The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) birth cohort study: design, methods, and study population. BMC Pulm Med. 2009;9:1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"875_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad071","volume":"192","author":"EA Knapp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knapp EA, Kress AM, Parker CB, Page GP, McArthur K, Gachigi KK, et al. The environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO)-wide cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192:1249\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"875_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx128","volume":"25","author":"C Brokamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brokamp C, Wolfe C, Lingren T, Harley J, Ryan P. Decentralized and reproducible geocoding and characterization of community and environmental exposures for multisite studies. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25:309\u201314.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"875_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-0899-6","volume":"20","author":"K Sullivan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sullivan K, Thakur N. Structural and social determinants of health in asthma in developed economies: a scoping review of literature published between 2014 and 2019. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2020;20:5.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"875_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b06121","volume":"50","author":"Q Di","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Q, Kloog I, Koutrakis P, Lyapustin A, Wang Y, Schwartz J. Assessing PM2. 5 exposures with high spatiotemporal resolution across the continental United States. Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50:4712\u201321.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"875_CR31","unstructured":"EPA US. Environmental Justice Screen. https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/topics\/biosphere\/enhanced-vegetation-index-evi (2020) (accessed October 1, 2021)."},{"key":"875_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1089\/env.2015.0007","volume":"8","author":"D Brugge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brugge D, Patton AP, Bob A, Reisner E, Lowe L, Bright O-JM, et al. Developing community-level policy and practice to reduce traffic-related air pollution exposure. Environ Justice. 2015;8:95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Environ Justice"},{"key":"875_CR33","unstructured":"NASA. Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). National Aeronautics and Space administration (NASA) EarthData and the Earth Observing Satellites (EOS) system. https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/topics\/biosphere\/enhanced-vegetation-index-evi. (accessed October 1, 2021)."},{"key":"875_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0077","volume":"30","author":"P Mohai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohai P, Kweon B-S, Lee S, Ard K. Air pollution around schools is linked to poorer student health and academic performance. Health Aff. 2011;30:852\u201362.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"875_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2022.119125","volume":"279","author":"WJ Requia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Requia WJ, Saenger CC, Cicerelli RE, de Abreu LM, Cruvinel VR. Air quality around schools and school-level academic performance in Brazil. Atmos Environ. 2022;279:119125.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"875_CR36","first-page":"312","volume":"45","author":"B-S Kweon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kweon B-S, Mohai P, Lee S, Sametshaw AM. Proximity of public schools to major highways and industrial facilities, and students\u2019 school performance and health hazards. Environ Plan B: Urban Anal City Sci. 2018;45:312\u201329.","journal-title":"Environ Plan B: Urban Anal City Sci"},{"key":"875_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.054130","volume":"61","author":"J Chakraborty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chakraborty J, Zandbergen PA. Children at risk: measuring racial\/ethnic disparities in potential exposure to air pollution at school and home. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61:1074\u20139.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"875_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901232","volume":"118","author":"R McConnell","year":"2010","unstructured":"McConnell R, Islam T, Shankardass K, Jerrett M, Lurmann F, Gilliland F, et al. Childhood incident asthma and traffic-related air pollution at home and school. Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118:1021\u20136.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"875_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002653","volume":"119","author":"A Spira-Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Lall R, Thurston GD. Personal exposures to traffic-related air pollution and acute respiratory health among Bronx schoolchildren with asthma. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119:559.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"875_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2009.34","volume":"20","author":"A Spira-Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spira-Cohen A, Chen LC, Kendall M, Sheesley R, Thurston GD. Personal exposures to traffic-related particle pollution among children with asthma in the South Bronx, NY. J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2010;20:446\u201356.","journal-title":"J Exposure Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"875_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-020-00244-x","volume":"19","author":"JL Moss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moss JL, Johnson NJ, Yu M, Altekruse SF, Cronin KA. Comparisons of individual-and area-level socioeconomic status as proxies for individual-level measures: evidence from the Mortality Disparities in American Communities study. Popul Health Metr. 2021;19:1.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"875_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.01.012","volume":"43","author":"S Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie S, Hubbard RA, Himes BE. Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status are more correlated with individual-level measures in urban areas compared with less urban areas. Ann Epidemiol. 2020;43:37\u201343.e4.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"875_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201742","volume":"67","author":"MR Pardo-Crespo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pardo-Crespo MR, Narla NP, Williams AR, Beebe TJ, Sloan J, Yawn BP, et al. Comparison of individual-level versus area-level socioeconomic measures in assessing health outcomes of children in Olmsted County, Minnesota. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67:305\u201310.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"875_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.6488","volume":"329","author":"CE Pollack","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pollack CE, Roberts LC, Peng RD, Cimbolic P, Judy D, Balcer-Whaley S, et al. Association of a housing mobility program with childhood asthma symptoms and exacerbations. JAMA. 2023;329:1671\u201381.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"875_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031746","volume":"20","author":"A Fernandes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandes A, Ubalde-L\u00f3pez M, Yang TC, McEachan RR, Rashid R, Maitre L, et al. School-based interventions to support healthy indoor and outdoor environments for children: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20:1746.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"875_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120991","volume":"319","author":"KH Jung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jung KH, Goodwin KE, Ross JM, Cai J, Chillrud SN, Perzanowski M, et al. Characteristics of peak exposure to black carbon pollution in school, commute and home environments among school children in an urban community. Environ Pollut. 2023;319:120991.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"875_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2024.120434","volume":"325","author":"RA Sugrue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sugrue RA, Preble CV, Butler JD, Redon-Gabel AJ, Marconi P, Shetty KD, et al. The value of adding black carbon to community monitoring of particulate matter. Atmos Environ. 2024;325:120434.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"875_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200908-1201OC","volume":"182","author":"MJ Strickland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Strickland MJ, Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Sarnat JA, Waller LA, et al. Short-term associations between ambient air pollutants and pediatric asthma emergency department visits. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:307\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"875_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02518","volume":"10","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wei Y, Fang Z. Ozone pollution: a major health hazard worldwide. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2518.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"875_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2021.10.002","volume":"65","author":"EM Delmelle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Delmelle EM, Desjardins MR, Jung P, Owusu C, Lan Y, Hohl A, et al. Uncertainty in geospatial health: challenges and opportunities ahead. Ann Epidemiol. 2022;65:15\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00875-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00875-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00875-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:09:26Z","timestamp":1788347366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41370-026-00875-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-026-00875-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was reviewed and approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (protocol IRB-AAAT8695). As this research involved secondary analysis of existing, de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}